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71.
Mun Sup Yoon Jeongran Lee Chang Yung Kim Jung Hoon Kang Eun Gi Cho Hyung Jin Baek 《Euphytica》2009,165(1):69-77
Approximately 7,000 accessions of Korean soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) landraces, largely composed of three collections, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute’s soybean (KAS),
the Korean Crop Experiment Station’s soybean (KLS) and the Korean Agricultural Development and Technology Center’s soybean
(KADTC) collections, have been conserved at the Rural Development Administration (RDA) genebank in Korea. The accessions within
collections were classified based on their traditional uses such as sauce soybean (SA), sprouted soybean (SP), soybean for
cooking with rice (SCR), and OTHERS. A total of 2,758 accessions of Korean soybean landraces were used to profile and to evaluate
genetic structure using six SSR loci. A total of 110 alleles were revealed by at the six SSR loci. The number of alleles per
SSR locus ranged from 9 to 39 in Satt187 and Satt_074, respectively. The number of alleles ranged from 87 in the KADTC collection
to 96 in the KLS collection, and from 63 in the SCR group to 95 in the SP group. Nei’s average genetic diversity ranged from
0.68 to 0.70 across three collections, and 0.64 to 0.69 across the usage groups. The average between-group differentiation
(G
st) was 0.9 among collections, and 4.1 among the usage groups. The similar average diversity among three collections implies
that the genetic background of the three collections was quite similar or that there were a large number of duplicate accessions
in three collections. The selection from the four groups classified based upon usage may be a useful way to select accessions
for developing a Korean soybean landrace core collection at the RDA genebank. DNA profile information of accessions will provide
indications of redundancies or omissions and aid in managing the soybean collection held at the RDA genebank. The information
on diversity analysis could help to enlarge the genetic diversity of materials in breeding programs and could be used to develop
a core collection. 相似文献
72.
Recent advances in molecular genetics of forest trees 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
M.R. Ahuja 《Euphytica》2001,121(2):173-195
The use of molecular markers has greatly enhanced our understanding of the genome structure of forest trees. Conifers, in
particular, have a relatively large genome, containing a very high proportion of repeated DNA, consisting of tandemly repetitive
and dispersed repetitive DNA sequences. The nature of highly conserved tandemly repetitive rRNA genes has been investigated
in a number of tree species, and their sites mapped on specific chromosomes by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Different families of retrotransposons (IFG, and TPE1) have been isolated and characterized from the dispersed repetitive DNA of pines. Genome maps have been constructed in a
number of forest tree genera: Pinus, Picea, Pseudotsuga, Cryptomeria, Taxus, Populus, and Eucalyptus. EST databases have been established from cDNA clones of pines and poplars. The structure and maternal or paternal modes
of inheritance of organelle genomes have been investigated in forest trees. Comparative mapping in conifers has shown that
gene families are conserved across genera. Due to lack of polyploidy in conifers, the evolution of this group of trees may
have occurred primarily by duplication and dispersal of genes, probably by retrotranspositions, to form complex gene families.
The evolution of angiosperm tree species has presumably involved both gene duplication as well as genome duplication (polyploidy).
Application of genetic engineering has shown that genes from phylogenetically unrelated organisms can be introduced and expressed
in trees, thus offering prospects of genetic improvement of forest trees.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
73.
True-to-type clonal fidelity is one of the most important pre-requisites in micropropagation of crop species. Genetic fidelity of in vitro raised 45 plants of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) derived from three different explants, viz., capitulum, leaf and shoot tips, was assessed by 32 ISSR markers, for their genetic stability. Out of 32 ISSR markers, 15 markers produced clear, distinct and scorable bands with an average of 5.47 bands per marker. The markers designed from AG motif amplified more number of bands. The markers anchored at 3′ ends produced high number of consistent bands than unanchored markers. Fifteen ISSR markers generated a total of 3773 bands, out of which 3770 were monomorphic among all the clones. The Jaccard's similarity coefficient revealed that out of 45 clones derived from different explants, 44 were grouped into a single large cluster alongwith the mother plant with a similarity coefficient value of 1.00, whereas one clone (C38) remained ungrouped. The clones derived from capitulum and shoot tip explants did not show any genetic variation, whereas, one of the leaf-derived clones exhibited some degree of variation. 相似文献
74.
75.
流式细胞术在水生生物DNA含量和倍性分析中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用流式细胞仪对鲤鱼、银鲫、黄颡、牙鲆等淡水和海水鱼类进行了DNA含量测定或倍性分析。通过几百个样品的测定和分析,认为流式细胞仪在DNA相对含量测定和倍性分析上结果比较稳定一致,可以用于大量样品的测定分析。同时对待测样品的保存、处理及上样量等进行了一系列比较研究,找出最好的保存方法、最简便的样品处理方法和最少的上样量。流式细胞仪在水生生物的遗传育种、种群分化等方面有很重要的应用价值。 相似文献
76.
77.
Abstract: Heterosigma akashiwo virus (HaV) is a large icosahedral virus (∼0.2 μm) harboring a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome (∼294 kbp). The virus is the only member of the genus Raphidovirus in the family Phycodnaviridae. Since its first discovery, a number of ecologic, physiologic and genetic studies about HaV have been conducted; especially, the relationship between H. akashiwo and HaV in nature was studied and viral infection is now regarded as a significant factor influencing the dynamics and termination of H. akashiwo blooms. HaV infection has considerable impacts on H. akashiwo populations in both aspects of fluctuation in biomass (quantity) and changes in clonal composition (quality). Partial sequencing of the HaV genome revealed that a number of genes showed considerable similarity to those of other protist-infecting viruses; still, the phylogenetic position of HaV suggested a number of enigmas in host–virus coevolution. Here are summarized the ecology, physiology and genetics of HaV especially from the viewpoint of the host–virus relationship. 相似文献
78.
This study was performed to obtain information on the occurrence of multiple paternities in three species of viviparous Japanese
surfperch using allelic markers of microsatellite DNA loci. Direct evidence for multiple fertilizations was established by
reconstructing paternal genotypes from the progeny of gravid females. Multiple paternities were ascertained in five of 10
broods of Ditrema temmincki and in three of nine broods of Neoditrema ransonneti, but not in Ditrema viride. The number of patrilines detected in the progeny of D. temmincki and N. ransonneti females were two or three, respectively, as determined by the GERUD v2.0 algorithm for reconstructing parental genotypes
from half-sib progeny arrays. 相似文献
79.
采用微卫星DNA技术对黄、渤海海域7个不同地理群体的中国对虾进行了遗传结构和遗传分化研究.7个地理群体分别来自辽东湾(LD)、渤海湾(BH)、海州湾 (HZ)、乳山湾 (RS)、海洋岛 (HYD)、朝鲜半岛西海岸(KW)以及朝鲜半岛南海岸(KS).7对多态性良好的微卫星引物共检测到109个等位基因,群体平均期望杂合度(He)范围为0.810~0.864.49个群体位点中,只有15个符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡.UPGMA聚类分析显示,各地理群体亲缘关系与地理位置关系密切.根据各地理群体间遗传距离及AMOVA遗传分化检验结果,可将中国对虾分为3个独立种群,分别为中国沿岸黄、渤海群体、朝鲜半岛西海岸群体及朝鲜半岛南海群体;其中中国沿岸黄、渤海群体内部也发生了一定程度的遗传分化,但是否达到种群水平还有待于进一步验证. 相似文献
80.