Origin and genetic diversity of Tunisian grapes as revealed by microsatellite markers

Ten SSR loci, previously developed for grapevine, were analyzed to evaluate the genetic variability, cultivar relatedness, and parentage in a collection of 61 autochthonous Vitis vinifera cultivars from Tunisia.The number of alleles per locus ranged from 6 to 11, while the number of genotype patterns varied between 10 and 21. The expected heterozygosity varied between 0.621 and 0.855 and the observed heterozygosity was higher than 0.9 at 4 loci (VVMD28, VVMD5, VVIP31 and VVS2) indicating that the SSRs were highly informative.Cluster analysis using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) suggested 14 groups among studied cultivars and 53 grapevine denominations out of 61 were unequivocally distinguished, with all accessions showing at least one-specific combination of alleles.On the other hand, in order to overcome the existing confusion in Tunisian grapevine nomenclature, of the analyzed homonymous pairs of cultivars, only ‘Balta 2’ and ‘Balta 3’ have shown identical allelic profiles, consistent with their being the same genotype. Hence, nomenclature distinction is meaningless and only one denomination should be retained.Due to the high overall power of exclusion (Q) (greater than 99.99%) and to the absence of null alleles, the set of microsatellite loci used is appropriate to determine parentage in Tunisian grapevines beyond any reasonable doubt. The analysis of fingerprints indicated that the Tunisian grape vines have evolved through out crossing between five possible parents: Balta 1, Beldi Baddar, Beldi Rafraf, Beldi Local Rafraf and Khedhiri 3.     

胡椒EST-SSR标记的开发和应用

通过分析NCBI数据库中胡椒转录组数据,共得到unigene 23 524条,其中618条unigene中检测到643个EST-SSR位点,SSR发生频率为2.63%,平均分布距离为12.86 kb。在643个EST-SSR中,二、三核苷酸重复是主要重复类型,分别占27.84%和69.36%,其中(AG/CT)n、(AAG/CTT)n出现频率最高,(NNN/NNN)5类型占EST-SSR位点的42.90%。利用PRIMER3.0设计358对引物,随机合成45对引物,并选用其中11对扩增较好的多态性引物,对43份胡椒种质的遗传多样性进行初步检测,构建聚类分析树状图。结果说明,胡椒EST-SSR标记的开发是可行的,并能够有效的用于胡椒遗传分析研究,具有较高的应用价值。     

热带种质在北方早熟春玉米改良中的利用

选用甸骨11A及其导入不同的热带种质及不同的比例和热带种质占25%比例姊妹系共9份材料,以早大黄、红玉米为测验种,采用二因素试验设计,测定了甸骨11A热导系杂交组合的产量和对照优势、农艺性状及自交系农艺性状。结果表明:同一自交系在不同的测验种间表现不同。若用“甸骨11A×早大黄”模式则采用Evt5导入甸骨11A选系效果较好;若用“甸骨11A×红玉米”模式,则用Suwan1导入甸骨11A选系杂交种产量高。Suwan1导入甸骨11A的比例以12.5%～50.0%为宜,其中25%的导入比例综合效果较理想。在Suwan1导入甸骨11A占25%的3个姊妹系间,其杂交种产量和农艺性状及自交系本身的主要性状均有较大差异,表明在导入遗传基础较广泛的热带种质的选系中,保持一定数量的姊妹系是有益的。     

耐盐碱基因eIF1A对玉米遗传转化研究

以来自柽柳的耐盐碱基因eIF1A为研究对象,构建其单子叶植物表达载体,并利用农杆菌介导法转化极早熟玉米自交系加2和M1的胚性愈伤组织,创制转eIF1A基因玉米新材料,为耐盐碱转基因玉米育种提供技术和材料支持。结果表明,成功构建eIF1A基因的单子叶植物表达载体pCAMBIA3300-Ubi-eIF1A,共获得33株除草剂抗性植株,其中,12株目的基因和筛选标记基因PCR呈阳性反应,RT-PCR检测表明,目的基因正常转录表达。     

SSR标记对野生大豆种群遗传结构的研究

使用40对SSR引物分析了8个省区天然野生大豆种群的遗传结构和遗传多样性.结果表明:15个种群共检测到633个等位基因,平均每对引物等位变异基因数平均值15.83个;种群平均Shannon指数(Ⅰ)0.7835,种群平均期望杂合度(He)0.4070,种群平均观察杂合度(Ho)0.0012,平均种群内遗传多样度(Hs)...     

利用小麦660K SNP芯片分析川麦44在其衍生后代中的遗传贡献

为明确小麦骨干亲本川麦44的遗传特性,利用小麦660K SNP芯片对川麦44及其衍生品种进行解析。结果表明,川麦44在6个衍生品种中的遗传贡献率为23.77%～72.63%,平均为48.58%,衍生品种存在遗传偏亲现象。川麦44特异性标记在不同染色体和染色体组中分布不均匀,衍生品种中特异性标记数具有B染色体组A染色体组D染色体组的共同特征。在除1B和6A外的染色体上,共筛选出52个川麦44高遗传率片段,片段长度为0.10～76.20 Mb,其中5B上的片段数量最多,累计长度最大。本研究结果为进一步明确骨干亲本川麦44的重要基因组区段及其功能奠定了基础。     

贵州黑马羊间性、无角、颌下髯及颈部肉垂遗传特征分析

通过实际观察、杂交试验、考察育种记录、遗传分析和适合性检验,对贵州黑马羊间性、无角、颌下髯以及颈部肉垂特征遗传规律进行了研究,同时分析和探讨了黑马羊相关遗传特征表现的基因表达方式和遗传关系.结果表明:①“无角×无角”繁殖的F1代无角羊占72.41％,有角羊占24.14％,无角间性羊占3.45％;②“有角×有角”繁殖的F1代有角羊为100％.③“有角×无角”、“无角×有角”的正反交试验,F1代无角羊占52.20％、有角羊占47.80％.④对166只19个群体的黑马羊统计,颌下有髯率为80.72％,颈部有肉垂率为19.28％;无角(P)对有角(p)呈显性,无间性(I)对间性(f)呈显性,颌下有髯对无髯呈显性,颈部有肉垂对无肉垂呈完全显性;有角山羊基因型为ppH,正常无角羊基因型为PPII、PPIi和PpII、PpIi,间性羊基因型为PPii、Ppii,且山羊间性与无角存在连锁关系.     

北美温带玉米杂交种选系的遗传多样性研究

利用SSR标记对北美温带玉米杂交种选育的24个自交系和我国生产应用的10类骨干代表系进行遗传多样性评价。结果表明,54对SSR引物在48份玉米自交系间共检测到290个等位基因变异,每对引物检测出3~9个等位基因,平均为5.4个。每个位点的多态性信息量(PIC)变化于0.29~0.86之间,平均为0.70。标记索引系数(MI)变化范围0.86~7.45,平均为3.86。供试北美温带选系和其他类群的玉米种质均具有较丰富的遗传多样性。3个杂交种选系的遗传相似系数中3号选系最小(0.776),说明3号较其余两个杂交种选系的遗传差异大。根据SSR标记聚类分析、主坐标分析和遗传进化分析结果表明,北美温带选系和其他种质的48份玉米自交系划分为6大类群,分类结果与系谱来源基本一致。     

Relationship Between the First Base of the Donor Splice Site of Waxy Gene Intron 1 and Amylose Content in Yunnan Indigenous Rice Varieties

There exists a single nucleotide polymorphism, G or T, at the first base of the donor splice site of waxy gene intron 1 in rice. In order to study the relationship between the first base of the donor splice site of waxy gene intron 1 and amylose content in rice, the one-step PCR method was used to determine whether it is G or T in 220 Yunnan indigenous rice varieties from 14 districts, 55 towns/counties of Yunnan Province, and 101 varieties of which were validated by the PCR-Acc I method. According to the G/T polymorphism, 164 rice varieties showed GG-genotype, while the other 56 fell into TT-genotype, accounting for 74.5% and 25.5% of all the test varieties, respectively. When all the rice varieties were divided into indica and japonica subspecies, it was found that 80.5% of indica rice and 67.0% of japonica rice belonged to GG-genotype. The rice varieties with GG-genotype had significantly higher amylose content (18.95% on average) than those with TT-genotype (all below 16%), but 33 rice varieties with GG-genotype still had low amylose content ranging from 3.91% to 15.93%, and most of them came from the Dai minority area in the Southwest of Yunnan Province. However, there was no significant difference in the mean amylose content of the same GG or TT genotypes between indica and japonica rice, suggesting that different genetic backgrounds, indica or japonica, had no effect on amylose content. The coefficient of correlation between the genotype and amylose content was 0.733 (P<0.01).     

我国南方大豆地方品种农艺和品质性状的遗传参数分析

由南方13省区的3769份夏大豆地方品种按省分层随机抽样而得的143份材料组成地方群体;由20份南方夏大豆推广品种及品系组成改良群体,在南京两年三重复试验表明,南方地方群体主要特点是晚熟(132.56天),秆较矮(58.05cm),中粒(14.34g/100粒),底荚高(18.47cm),分枝中等(3.86),产量低(1199.25kg/ha),蛋白质含量高(43.73％)、脂肪含量中等(20.19％)。该群体农艺和品质性状具有丰富的遗传变异,并由5％相对遗传进展特点将45个性状分为,GSI:极大(>40％);GSⅡ:大(40％—10％);GSⅢ:中等(10％—5％);GSⅣ:一定(<5％)等四类,其中GSⅠ、GSⅡ类多属产量、生育期、粒茎比、株高、百粒重等农艺性状,GSⅢ、GSⅣ类多属蛋白质含量及其氨基酸组分、脂肪含量等品质性状。