基于SSR标记的苜蓿种质资源遗传多样性与群体结构分析

种质资源遗传多样性和群体结构的分析是进行复杂性状关联分析的前提条件.从140对SSR引物中筛选到16对多态性引物,对82份苜蓿(Medicago spp.)材料进行遗传多样性与群体结构分析.结果表明;16对SSR引物共检测出190个等位变异,平均11.88个;多态性比率66.67％～100％,平均为83.05％;基因多样性为0.1447～0.3637,平均为0.2577;PIC为0.0079～0.9432,平均为0.5501.群体结构分析表明,当K=5时△K最大,即82份苜蓿材料可划分为5个类群,其中75.61％的种质遗传组分相对比较单一,24.39％的种质遗传背景比较复杂.苜蓿种质资源遗传多样性丰富,群体结构的划分与种质的来源不完全相关.     

不同居群野生狗牙根材料的SSR分析

为评价新疆狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)资源的遗传多样性水平,以采自新疆不同地域的狗牙根与部分华南地区及国外的狗牙根为材料,用SSR标记开展遗传多样性研究.结果表明:20对引物共产生142个等位变异,平均每个位点7个,其中有124个等位变异显示多态性,多态位点百分率为87.86％,位点Nei's基因多样性(H)指数平均为0.4347;根据遗传一致性及遗传分化结果,106份狗牙根材料的遗传相似性系数值在0.43～1.0之间,平均0.715,居群间遗传分化系数为0.4119,表明有41.19％的变异存在于居群间,58.81％的变异存在于居群内,居群内的遗传分化大于居群间的遗传分化;根据UPGMA法聚类表明,106份供试材料相似系数为0.39时可聚为3类,材料间的遗传差异与其采集地的关系不很明显,但来自同一地区的材料较多地聚在一起,遗传背景较近,整体来看聚类结果与地理来源有一定的相关性.     

通过银染核仁组织区（Ag—NORs）对黄牛品种间遗传关系的探讨

用银染技术对中国４个地方黄牛品种（蒙古牛，泰川牛，岭南牛和西镇牛）４０头牛的Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ作了比较研究，并根据不同Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ的个体频率用数学方法估计了４个品种间的遗传距离，以此对４个品种作了聚类分析。结果表明，在４个品种中，西镇牛与岭南牛关系最近，西人扣与蒙古牛关系最远。这与从Ｙ染色体多态性，外形，历史，地理分布及生态类型的研究结果一致。     

东方蜜蜂DNA随机扩增多态及其遗传分化研究

本研究对云南及马来西亚的37个东方蜜蜂样本进行随机增多态DNA分析，从20个引物中筛选出11个引物，其中9个引物扩增出多态带。共检测到66条扩增片段，其中56条为多态带。用UPGMA聚类方法构建的分子系统树显示，云南的样本、马来西亚的样本各自分别聚在一起，说明两个样本间遗传差异较大，群体之间存在着遗传分化。但就云南的32个个体而言，虽然聚类图中大多数采用自同一地区的样本聚在一起，但也存在一定交叉，提示云南地理群体间近期可能存在一定的基因流。     

Defining the immune response to Ehrlichia species using murine models

Pathogenic bacteria belonging to the family Anaplasmataceae include species of the genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. Ehrlichia chaffeensis, first known as the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, also infects several vertebrate hosts including white-tailed deer, dogs, coyotes and goats. E. chaffeensis is transmitted from the bite of an infected hard tick, such as Amblyomma americanum. E. chaffeensis and other tick-transmitted pathogens have adapted to both the tick and vertebrate host cell environments. Although E. chaffeensis persists in both vertebrate and tick hosts for long periods of time, little is known about that process. Immunological studies will be valuable in assessing how the pathogen persists in nature in both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Understanding the host immune response to the pathogen originating from dual host backgrounds is also important to develop effective methods of diagnosis, control and treatment. In this paper, we provide our perspective of the current understanding of the immune response against E. chaffeensis in relation to other related Anaplasmataceae pathogens.     

24个白桑(Morus alba L.)地方品种的遗传多样性分析

采用ISSR分子标记技术对山东、河北地区的24个白桑(Morus alba L.)地方品种资源进行了遗传多态性分析。筛选的13条ISSR引物共扩增86条扩增带,其中多态性条带63条,多态性比率为73.25%,ISSR标记遗传相似系数范围在0.6706~0.9529。通过类平均聚类(UPGMA)法分析,24份材料聚分为2大类。     

凤尾桑及其芽变品系间遗传变异的ISSR分析

利用ISSR引物,从分子水平分析了凤尾桑及其芽变株系的遗传变异。从8个ISSR引物扩增结果来看,3个引物的扩增产物在株系间无差异,从变异株系扩增条带来看,凤尾芽变变异最大。本结果从分子水平证明了芽变株系的遗传结构差异。     

Linkage disequilibrium and effective population size in Gir cattle selected for yearling weight

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) plays an important role in genomic selection and mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL). This study investigated the pattern of LD and effective population size (N_e) in Gir cattle selected for yearling weight. For this purpose, 173 animals with imputed genotypes (from 18 animals genotyped with the Illumina BovineHD BeadChip and 155 animals genotyped with the Bovine LDv4 panel) were analysed. The LD was evaluated at distances of 25–50 kb, 50–100 kb, 100–500 kb and 0.5–1 Mb. The N_e was estimated based on 5 past generations. The r² values (a measure of LD) were, respectively, .35, .29, .18 and .032 for the distances evaluated. The LD estimates decreased with increasing distance of SNP pairs and LD persisted up to a distance of 100 kb (r² = .29). The N_e was greater in generations 4 and 5 (24 and 30 animals, respectively) and declined drastically after the last generation (12 animals). The results showed high levels of LD and low N_e, which were probably due to the loss of genetic variability as a consequence of the structure of the Gir population studied.     

偃麦草种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

通过对DNA提取方法及RAPD反应体系进行探讨,建立了适应偃麦草基因组DNA提取的方法及优化的RAPD反应体系。在此基础上,依据Jaccard相似系数,采用UPGMA方法进行聚类,判定32份偃麦草种质材料间的亲缘关系及遗传多样性。结果表明:(1)改良常规CTAB法,即对样品先进行洗涤并提高CTAB含量到3%可提高偃麦草DNA的提取质量。(2)对100条随机引物进行筛选,共筛选出18条多态性高、重复性好的随机引物,以此对32份材料进行PCR扩增,共扩增出264条带,多态性条带为93.7%。(3)以遗传相似系数为依据,对32份偃麦草材料进行聚类分析,在相似系数为0.373处可将供试偃麦草种质资源划分为5大类群。     

牛二酰甘油转酰基酶(DGAT1)基因的生物信息学分析

DGAT1基因作为影响奶牛产奶和肉牛肉质性状的主效基因之一,引起了人们越来越多的关注。本文应用生物信息学方法比较了人、牛、猪、绵羊等24个物种的DGAT1基因编码区(CDS)核苷酸和蛋白质序列,并对该基因的遗传多样性进行了分析。结果表明,DGAT1基因的CDS核苷酸和蛋白质序列长度多样性丰富;具有终止密码子偏爱性,包括牛在内的所有脊椎动物终止密码子都为TGA;在长度为1 187bp的33条基因序列中检测到992个多态位点,共生成26种单倍型。从聚类分析图可以看出,脊椎动物、无脊椎动物、植物和微生物的DGAT1基因之间存在着进化分歧,但界内差异较小。