散鳞镜鲤、团头鲂及其杂交F1肌肉营养成分的比较

采用生化分析方法对散鳞镜鲤、团头鲂及其杂交F1肌肉的营养成分进行了测定并比较。结果表明，交杂种F1肌肉中的水分含量为77．89％、灰分含量为5．52％，均低于亲本；脂肪含量为4．77％，高于团头鲂，低于散鳞镜鲤；F1的氨基酸含量为77．89％，低于双亲，但大多成分含量与散鳞镜鲤相当。在总体水平上，杂交种品质得到初步的改良。     

Feed discrimination and selection in self-fed European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax L.

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate feed discrimination and preference of European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax L., taking into account the effects of feed location, previous feeding experience and light conditions. Fish (63 g) were held in tanks and exposed to a 12L:12D photoperiod and ambient temperature. The following feeding practices were applied in triplicate: three‐choice feeding (self‐ feeding with feeds formulated for carnivorous, herbivorous and omnivorous fish rotated on a weekly basis) and monofeeding (self‐feeding with one of these feeds). After 9 weeks (phase I), fish previously held in monofeeding, were subjected to three‐choice feeding for 2 weeks (phase II). In phase I, fish discriminated between feeds after their rotational displacements and preferred the feed formulated for carnivorous species. This also supported the best growth. Fish used in phase II preferred the same feed. There was no preference for any location within tanks. Feeding was generally diurnal, although in some tests with the feeds for herbivores and omnivores, diurnal and nocturnal feed demands were similar and fewer in number than with the feed formulated for carnivores.     

In vitro effects of Musa x paradisiaca extracts on four developmental stages of Haemonchus contortus

This study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro effect of Musa x paradisiaca stem and leaf against the parasitic nematode of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus. Three extracts (aqueous, methanolic and/or dichloromethane) of Musa x paradisiaca stem and leaf were tested in vitro on four developmental stages of H. contortus using egg hatch assay (EHA), larval development assay (LDA), L3 migration inhibition assay (LMI) and adult worm motility assay (AWM). The highly significant (P < 0.0001) ability to stop larval development (inhibition >67% for each extract) and the negative effect of the dichloromethane extract of leaf on adult worm motility (43% of inhibition of motility after 24 h of incubation) compared to the negative controls, suggest anthelmintic properties of Musa x paradisiaca stem and leaf against H. contortus. The active principles responsible for the activity could be secondary metabolites such as terpenoid and flavonoid compounds present in the leaf and stem of the plant.     

黄花补血草醇提物对小鼠急性毒性试验

采用改良寇氏法测定黄花补血草醇提物对小鼠腹腔注射的急性毒性试验,评价其安全性。实验组小鼠灌服不同浓度的黄花补血草醇提物,观察给药后小鼠的临床表现与死亡情况。结果黄花补血草醇提物最大剂量一次性给8 g/kg,1周后未见明显中毒症状,并测得最大耐受量（MTD）试验值为15 g/kg（〉10 g/kg）。结果提示,黄花补血草醇提物的毒性较低,临床用药安全可靠,为黄花补血草的临床前和临床研究提供安全的实验数据,并进一步了解了黄花补血草的生物学活性,为将其更好地应用于制药业和临床治疗提供科学依据。     

喹乙醇对鲤鱼的急性毒性试验

以一龄越冬的德国镜鲤为试验对象，测定一次内服和腹注喹乙醇96h的死亡率，探讨喹乙醇对鲤鱼的毒性作用。试验结果表明，2－10g/kg体重的等比浓度梯度喹乙醇内服剂量不引起任何毒性反应，腹注喹乙醇LD50为1022.6mg/kg。结果提示，喹乙醇对鲤鱼的毒性极低。     

中国沙棘克隆生长对不同光照强度的响应

利用遮阳网产生的不同光照强度（100％、70％、50％和20％的自然光照）,研究了中国沙棘克隆生长对不同光照强度的响应规律。结果表明,（1）当光照强度从20％逐渐增加到100％时,种群生长量、生物量积累与分配、地下克隆器官参数等增幅均呈二次抛物线变化,相对光照强度为50％～70％是其克隆生长的最佳光照强度。（2）种群生长量、种群及各器官生物量、子株数量及萌蘖根生长量增幅最大时的光强分别为48.0％～61.7％、52.8％～53.6％、55.6％～57.6％,且分株生长量和种群生物量、萌蘖根生长量和子株数量之间具有协同作用,而营养生长和克隆繁殖之间存在权衡关系。（3）在适宜的光照强度下,种群以分株比较高大且分布相对密集为特征,生长格局倾向于集团型;在光照强度过大或过小的情况下,种群以分株比较矮小且分布相对稀疏为特征,生长格局倾向于游击型。当光照强度由低到高变化时,生长格局将由游击型到集团型再到游击型,形成一个觅养对策连续体。     

ISSR分子标记对杧果实生苗父本的早期鉴定

[目的]采用ISSR分子标记技术对杧果实生苗进行亲本早期鉴定,为提高杧果育种效率提供参考.[方法]采用ISSR分子标记技术,筛选不同引物鉴定97-1实生苗的父本.[结果]采用优化的ISSR反应体系,从18条引物中筛选获得4条特异引物UBC-848、UBC-857、UBC-864和UBC-868,其扩增条带多、稳定性强、多态性高、背景清晰.利用引物UBC-848、UBC-857、UBC-864、UBC-868分别对四川红柁、紫花柁和97-1实生苗进行扩增,获得的扩增片段长度在100～2000bp,四川红杧与97-1实生苗、紫花杧与97-1实生苗的共有特异性条带约为180和380 bp、280和380 bp、180和680 bp、680和770bp.[结论]采用ISSR分子标记技术和引物UBC-848、UBC-857、UBC-864、UBC-868构建了杧果实生苗亲本鉴定体系,可鉴定出97-1实生苗的父本为四川红杧,97-1实生苗是紫花杧和四川红杧的杂交种.     

西葫芦双单倍体自交一代离体再生研究

以西葫芦DH12-11409双单倍体植株自交后代种子为试材,研究不同激素组合、外植体类型和苗龄对诱导西葫芦不定芽再生以及不定芽生根的影响。结果表明,取5d龄西葫芦双单倍体黄绿色子叶的子叶节为外植体,在MS+30g/L Suc+8g/L Agar+2.0mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L NAA培养基上诱导不定芽效果最好,诱导率高达90.0%,分化系数为8.5;生根培养基则以MS培养基中添加0.05或0.1mg/L NAA为宜;5~6片真叶再生植株经驯化移栽成活率高达90.0%,为再生植株驯化移栽的最佳时期。     

不同品种油菜对苯磺隆耐药性差异的鉴定

首先以中双9号油菜为试材,探索适宜油菜筛选的苯磺隆药液质量浓度和鉴定指标。叶片药害指数、叶片数减少率、叶夹角减少率与植株死亡率间均存在显著或极显著相关关系,说明这3个指标可作为早期鉴定油菜对苯磺隆耐药性的指标。用上述试验筛选出的2.0μg·mL-1苯磺隆溶液处理49个不同基因型油菜幼苗,根据叶片药害指数、叶片数减少率、叶夹角减少率、植株死亡率4个指标计算出的耐苯磺隆平均隶属函数值(AS)将参试材料分为3个等级,低度敏感材料2份(AS0.33)、中度敏感材料22份(0.33≤AS0.67)、高度敏感材料25份(AS≥0.67)。参试材料对苯磺隆抗性存在一定差异,但与小麦田推荐的苯磺隆使用质量浓度相比,油菜对苯磺隆抗性水平还很低,说明利用油菜种内基因资源,进行抗苯磺隆油菜育种潜力有限。     

氯胁迫对幼龄茶树叶绿素含量及抗氧化系统的影响

为探讨氯胁迫对茶树的伤害机制,为幼龄茶园合理施用氯肥提供科学的理论依据,以1年生龙井43茶苗为材料,采用水培法研究了不同浓度氯离子对茶树叶片叶绿素含量、抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明：随着氯离子浓度的升高,叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量均显著降低,在氯浓度为100 mmol/L时,分别比CK（0 mmol/L）下降了36.2％、22.7％、33.1％;SOD、POD活性均表现为先升高后降低,在氯离子浓度为40 mmol/L时达到最大值,比 CK 分别升高10.8％和9.2％;CAT活性持续下降,最大降幅为45.4％;脯氨酸含量、过氧化氢含量及丙二醛含量均显著升高。这说明高浓度氯离子对细胞质膜系统及细胞器结构和功能产生了破坏,而在低浓度氯离子（20 mmol/L）胁迫下MDA含量与CK差异不显著,说明低浓度氯未对茶树造成伤害。因此,对于幼龄茶园冲施氯肥以氯离子浓度不超过20 mmol/L为宜。