白羽番鸭TLR7基因多态性与部分生产性状的关联分析

以白羽番鸭为研究材料,根据鸭的TLR7基因序列(DQ888644)设计引物,扩增TLR7基因的第1外显子和部分内含子,并分析其多态性对生产性状的遗传效应。结果表明:PCR产物出现片段长度多态,产生AA和AB2种基因型,其中AA型为优势基因型,A为优势等位基因;测序结果显示,在内含子区209位碱基发生C→T突变,在280位碱基之后缺失/插入3个碱基AAT;χ2检验结果表明,该座位处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态;AA型个体的体重、半潜水长和胫围极显著高于AB型(P<0.01),胫长显著高于AB型(P<0.05),其他指标在各基因型间的差异均未达到显著水平(P>0.05),AA型是白羽番鸭生长性状较为有利的基因型。     

Serum thyroxine concentrations in clinically healthy pet guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)

Background: Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) are often presented as patients in veterinary practice. Nevertheless, only limited information is available about endocrine diseases or thyroxine reference values for the species. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine serum thyroxine concentrations in a well‐defined population of clinically healthy pet guinea pigs. Methods: Between October 2007 and July 2008, serum samples were collected from 40 clinically healthy guinea pigs of different sexes, ages, and breeds that were presented to our clinic for a general health check or for castration. Pregnant females were excluded from the study. Thyroxine concentration was measured using a chemiluminescence test (Immulite 2000 Canine Total T4). Results: Thyroxine concentrations ranged from 14.2 to 66.9 nmol/L (1.1–5.2 μg/dL) with a median value of 27.0 nmol/L (2.1 μg/dL). Females (n=16) had significantly (P=.039; Mann–Whitney U‐test) lower thyroxine values than castrated males (n=8), whereas no differences were found between females and intact males (n=16) or between intact and castrated males. No significant correlation was found between thyroxine concentration and age. Conclusion: This is the first report of serum thyroxine reference values for a well‐defined population of healthy pet guinea pigs as measured by a chemiluminescence assay. The results were higher than those previously reported for this species and emphasize the importance of using appropriate reference intervals for the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism.     

山东PRRSV流行株ORF5、ORF6、ORF7基因序列的分子特征

采用RT-PCR技术对2001~2007年分离自山东地区10株(ShanDong-3、SD-JN、SD-ZQ、SD1、SD2、SD3、SD4、SD5、SD6和SD7)猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)进行ORF5、ORF6和ORF7基因的扩增、克隆和测序,与已知序列的毒株的相应片段进行同源性分析比较,并对其分子特征进行分析。结果表明:该10株病毒仍属北美洲型,其中2001~2002年分离的SD1株、SD2株和2006年分离的SD6株核苷酸序列之间的ORF5、ORF6、ORF7同源性分别为99.2%,99.8%,100%,均与北美洲原型代表株(VR-2332株)和疫苗毒MLVRe-spPRRS Repro USA遗传距离较近,同属一大分支;2006~2007年分离的PRRSV ShanDong-3、SD-JN、SD-ZQ、SD3,SD4,SD5,SD7分离株ORF5、ORF6、ORF7同源性分别为97.8%~100%,99.4%~99.8%,99.2%~99.7%,均与国内96年Ch-1a和2002年HB-1株及2006年分离鉴定的国内高致病性分离株(JXA1、Shanghai、HEB1)同属一个大的分支。首...     

RBP4基因在五个猪种中的群体遗传特性分析

RBP4基因是近年来在猪繁殖性状上发现的一个候选基因。利用PCR-RFLP方法,以大白猪、长白猪、杜洛克猪、山西瘦肉型猪新品系(SD-III系)、大汉梅猪为试验动物,分析RBP4基因在各群体中的遗传特性。结果发现各群体都存在AA、AB和BB3种基因型,均处于中度多态,除杜洛克猪外,其余各群体都处于Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡状态。     

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE CANINE BRAIN AT 7 T

The purpose of this study was to describe relevant canine brain structures as seen on T2-weighted images following magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 7 T and to compare the results with imaging at 1.5 T. Imaging was performed on five healthy laboratory beagle dogs using 1.5 and 7 T clinical scanners. At 1.5 T, spin echo images were acquired, while gradient echo images were acquired at 3 T. Image quality and conspicuity of anatomic structures were evaluated qualitatively by direct comparison of the images obtained from the two different magnetic fields. The signal-to-nose ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated and compared between 1.5 and 7 T. The T2-weighted images at 7 T provided good spatial and contrast resolution for the identification of clinically relevant brain anatomy; these images provided better delineation and conspicuity of the brain stem and cerebellar structures, which were difficult to unequivocally identify at 1.5 T. However, frontal and parietal lobe and the trigeminal nerve were difficult to identify at 7 T due to susceptibility artifact. The SNR and CNR of the images at 7 T were significantly increased up to 318% and 715% compared with the 1.5 T images. If some disadvantages of 7 T imaging, such as susceptibility artifacts, technical difficulties, and high cost, can be improved, 7 T clinical MR imaging could provide a good experimental and diagnostic tool for the evaluation of canine brain disorders.     

Stable carbon isotopes accurately predict diet selection by sheep fed mixtures of C3 annual pastures and saltbush or C4 perennial grasses

The stable carbon isotope technique has been widely used to infer the dietary ecology of a range of animal species; however calibration of the technique with animals fed known diets is essential for accurate back-calculation of dietary preferences. The aim of this study was to identify suitable samples and back-calculation methods to predict short-term (2 to 3 week) dietary selection by sheep among plants with C₃ and C₄ photosynthetic pathways. Variation in integration time of dietary carbon into plasma and faeces; diet-tissue discrimination of carbon isotopes (fractionation) and the importance of accounting for the digestible or indigestible components of the diet was investigated. The results indicate that faecal and rumen samples provided the most accurate prediction of short term dietary changes in sheep selecting between C₃ and C₄ plants. The most accurate back-calculation method for these samples used δ¹³C of the C₃ and C₄ plants and accounted for both diet-tissue discrimination and differences in the indigestibility between the C₃ and C₄ forage. For faecal samples, the organic matter content of the diet originating from C₄ plants could be predicted with a mean error as low as 2.7%. Wool and plasma samples were not conducive to predicting proportion of C4 forage in the diet within 18 days after a change in diet; however plasma could be used to discriminate between animals fed 100% C₃ and C₄ diets after 3 days. The δ¹³C technique provides a valuable tool for researchers when designing pastures for dual environmental and production purposes. An understanding of what sheep select allows for development of appropriate grazing management strategies to optimise productivity and/or persistence of target species.     

Prediction of model pools for a long‐term experiment using near‐infrared spectroscopy

Fourty‐one soil samples from the “Eternal Rye” long‐term experiment in Halle, Germany, were used to test the usefulness of near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to differentiate between C derived from C₃ and C₄ plants by using the isotopic signature (δ¹³C) and to predict the pools considered in the Rothamsted Carbon (RothC) model, i.e., decomposable plant material, resistant plant material, microbial biomass, humified organic matter, and inert organic matter. All samples were scanned in the visible‐light and near‐infrared region (400–2500 nm). Cross‐validation equations were developed using the whole spectrum (first to third derivative) and a modified partial least‐square regression method. δ¹³C values and all pools of the RothC model were successfully predicted by NIRS as reflected by RSC values (ratio between standard deviation of the laboratory results and standard error of cross‐validation) ranging from 3.2 to 3.4. Correlations analysis indicated that organic C can be excluded as basis for the successful predictions by NIRS in most cases, i.e., 11 out of 16.     

利用磷进行铅污染土壤原位修复中需考虑的几个问题

由于土壤中磷与铅形成难溶性的磷酸铅类化合物[Pb5(PO4)3X,X=Cl-,OH-,F-等],利用不同廉价含磷物质进行铅污染土壤原位修复被认为是目前最好的铅污染土壤管理措施,受到国内外广泛关注。本文对目前国内外利用磷进行铅污染修复研究的现状进行了综述,对该研究领域中的关键问题,如磷酸铅类化合物形成的反应动力学过程控制、最佳pH、土壤中磷/铅摩尔比等进行了较深入的探讨,并展望了今后的研究方向,以期为铅污染土壤的修复及其效果评价提供参考。     

A new thiazinedione from Xanthium strumarium

A new thiazinedione was isolated from the fruit of Xanthium strumarium. Its structure was elucidated by a combination of spectral methods.     

AtPIP5K2基因参与拟南芥盐胁迫的调节过程

植物在长期进化过程中演化出不同机制来适应环境中的各种胁迫,如盐碱、干旱等.该研究从拟南芥T-DNA插入突变体库中筛选到一个对盐反应不敏感的突变株系eto(enhanced tolerance to osmotic stress),种子萌发和幼苗生长试验表明eto突变株系早期生长发育对盐胁迫不敏感.TAIL-PCR分析表明eto突变株系中T DNA插入在拟南芥1号染色体上(BAC F3M18的27502位置),位于拟南芥At1g77740基因起始密码子前487 bp处,该基因编码磷脂酰肌醇-4-磷酸 -5-激酶(AtPIP5K2),共分离分析表明T-DNA插入与盐不敏感性紧密连锁.以野生型拟南芥总RNA为模板,克隆拟南芥AtPIP5K2基因cDNA,其开放读码框为2 265bp,编码755个氨基酸.与已报道物种PIPKs基因氨基酸序列比较分析表明,AtPIP5K2与植物PIPKs基因氨基酸相似性高达62%～75%,但与其他生物物种PIPKs基因之间的氨基酸相似性仅为33%～37%;AtPIP5K2推导的氨基酸序列中含有植物PIPKs基因所具有的高度保守区域“PIPKc"、“MORN repeat".进一步分析表明AtPIP5K2基因在拟南芥根及莲座叶片中表达量较强,并且由于T-DNA的插入,使eto突变株系与野生型相比,其AtPIP5K2基因过量表达,表明AtPIP5K2基因编码的产物可能参与调节拟南芥适应盐胁迫的调节反应.