Intra- and interspecific phenotypic characteristics of fish-pathogenic Edwardsiella ictaluri and E. tarda

Intra‐ and interspecific characteristics of fish‐pathogenic Edwardsiella ictaluri, and E. tarda were determined by numerical analysis of gel electrophoresed protein profiles, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and immunoblotting. The 18 E. ictaluri isolates revealed a high degree of homogeneity (70% similarity or higher) in their protein profiles and 95% similarity in their FAME, while the nine E. tarda isolates revealed 30% similarity in their protein profiles and 95% similarity in their FAME. Immunoblots probed for antigenic epitopes with goat antiserum produced against E. ictaluri and E. tarda, respectively, revealed that E. ictaluri were more homogeneous compared with the E. tarda isolates. Overall, there was a considerable degree of relatedness between the two species. Our findings suggest that phenotypically E. ictaluri represents a clonal bacterial population structure compared with the less monomorphic E. tarda.     

Apparent digestible protein,energy and amino acid availability of three plant proteins in Florida pompano,Trachinotus carolinus L. in seawater and low‐salinity water

Two experiments were conducted with Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus L. at 3 and 28 g L^?1 salinity to determine apparent crude protein digestibility (ACPD), energy digestibility (AED) and amino acid availability (AAAA) from soybean meal (SBM), soy protein isolate (SPI) and corn gluten meal (CGM). Mean AAAA was similar to ACPD. In fish adapted to 3 g L^?1 salinity, they were 81.2% and 81.9% (CGM), 93.6% and 92.2% (SBM), 93.8% and 93.1% (SPI) for AAAA and ACPD respectively. In fish adapted to 28 g L^?1, they were 84.5% and 83.4% (CGM), 86.5% and 87.1% (SBM), and 83.4% and 85.0% (SPI) for AAAA and ACPD respectively. The AED was highest for SPI and lowest for SBM and inversely related to carbohydrate. The ACPD, AED and AAAA of soy products appeared to be lower in high salinity, whereas CGM was unaffected. The data suggest that SBM, SPI and CGM should be further evaluated as partial fishmeal replacements in Florida pompano diets. Application of the generated coefficients can be used to develop well‐balanced, low‐cost diets for Florida pompano reared in low salinity or seawater.     

Culture of mantle epithelial cells expressing shell matrix proteins from scallop Patinopecten yessoensis

ABSTRACT:   In molluscs, mantle epithelial cells secrete organic matrix proteins to form shells. In this study, we established a culture of mantle epithelial cells by using the mantle pallial layer of scallops. We aimed to identify the mantle epithelial cells expressing scallop shell matrix proteins and establish a culture system of epithelial cells. After the mantle pallial layer was carefully isolated from the mantle tissue, explant culture was performed at 4°C. Most cells that migrated from the explant tissue were round cells. Most of the adhered cells retained round morphology, while some of the cells adhered to the dish and showed morphology similar to that of epithelial-like and fibroblast-like cells. When the cultured cells were immunostained with a polyclonal antibody against the shell matrix protein, the antibody recognized many of the adhered cells. An estimation of the number of epithelial cells revealed that approximately 70% of the adhered cells were epithelial cells. This is the first report to describe epithelial cells in cultured mantle cells, which express shell matrix proteins. This culture system may be a useful method for characterization of the mantle epithelial cells.     

元蘑孢子萌发融合育种试验与研究

试验采用孢子萌发融合技术获得元蘑菌株,并对其进行了产量和形态指标测定,选育出的菌株经3年的栽培试验,产量高出常规品种15%,菇形好,命名为元蘑1号。     

小麦DREB转录因子TaAIDFa的互作蛋白筛选

为进一步探讨DREB类蛋白的作用机理,以DREB类转录因子TaAIDFa为探针,利用酵母双杂交技术从cDNA文库中筛选TaAIDFa的互作蛋白,进而探讨DREB转录因子介导的互作网络,以初步阐明DREB转录因子的抗逆机制。结果表明,通过酵母双杂交从cDNA文库中筛选到84个克隆,对其进行测序和Blast序列比对分析,得到4类与TaAIDFa互作的候选蛋白。同源性分析发现,这4类候选蛋白多与信号转导或免疫过程有关,说明TaAIDFa参与了植物逆境胁迫下的信号转导,可调控与逆境胁迫相关基因的表达。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌的概况及其研究进展

苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)杀虫剂是对人和环境友好的安全型细菌杀虫剂。目前Bt杀虫剂已被广泛应用,但因使用剂量较大,导致防治害虫时费用过高。若在生物防治中使用超高效的细菌杀虫剂,就可降低其使用剂量。Bt 00-50-5菌株是从美国引进的高效杀虫菌株,其晶体蛋白的特征分析尚未完成,其毒素的作用机理研究也未进行。本项目即将开展如下研究：(1)先用具有特异性杀虫功能的Bt 00-50-5菌株进行发酵,继续完成对防治中国害虫防治效果的评价;再分析细菌的编码杀虫毒素基因和毒素     

麝香百合液泡膜水孔蛋白基因LlTIP2的克隆及生物信息学分析

水孔蛋白是位于质膜和液泡膜等生物膜上主要负责水分跨膜运输的通道蛋白,属于膜主要内在蛋白(major intrinsic proteins,MIP)超家族.采用RT-PCR和RACE法从麝香百合(Lilium longiflorum)叶片克隆得到1个液泡膜内在蛋白(tonoplast intrinsic proteins,TIPs)基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为LTIP2(GenBank登录号:JN085950).该基因cDNA全长986 bp,包括208bp的3’-非翻译区,744 bp开放阅读框以及34 bp的5’-非翻译区,共编码247个氨基酸.由L1TI P2推导的氨基酸序列具有2个高度保守的水孔蛋白NPA (Asn-Pro-Ala)基序以及MIP的特征序列SGGHVNPAVTFG.同源性分析表明,LITIP2氨基酸序列与陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum)、大麦(Hordeum vulgare)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne)和小麦(Triticum aestivum)等植物TIP2的同源性分别达77％、74％、73％和72％.系统进化树分析表明LlTIP2属于液泡膜水孔蛋白TIP2亚类新成员.     

犬瘟热病毒F蛋白分子生物学研究进展

犬瘟热病毒融合蛋白是囊膜糖蛋白,是产生中和抗体的主要保护性抗原,结构相对保守。融合蛋白介导病毒囊膜和细胞膜融合,决定病毒在宿主体内扩散的能力,在病毒的致病性及免疫原性上具有重要作用。因此,对犬瘟热融合蛋白基因及其蛋白的结构和功能进行研究具有重要的意义。本文从蛋白结构、蛋白功能、核酸序列比对等多方面对融合蛋白进行了阐述。     

鱼类弹状病毒分子生物学研究动态

鱼类弹状病毒(Fish rhabdovirus)是一类引起鱼及其他水生动物致死性和流行性病害的重要病毒病原。对鱼类弹状病毒基因组的结构和功能研究,是深入探讨这类病毒感染和致病机理、研制病毒疫苗及诊断试剂的理论基础。本文就鱼类弹状病毒的基因组结构,包括N基因、P基因、M基因、G基因、NV基因、L基因及编码的相应蛋白、3′前导区和5′拖尾区、基因连接区等的组成及功能的研究进展作一综述,旨为抗病毒疫苗的研制及建立准确高效的检测方法提供借鉴。     

不同类糖接枝改性对花生蛋白膜物理性质的影响

为了改善花生蛋白膜的性能,利用不同小分子糖对花生蛋白进行接枝改性并将改性蛋白制备成膜,分析了糖接枝对花生蛋白膜的强度、延伸性、透光性、溶解性等物理性质的影响。结果表明:糖类物质能提高花生蛋白膜的拉伸强度,其中木糖改性后蛋白膜强度最高,达未经改性花生蛋白对照膜的1.77倍;葡萄糖对蛋白膜的延伸性影响最大,断裂延伸率最高,达对照膜的1.92倍;木糖能改善花生蛋白膜的耐水性,使膜的溶解性显著下降。综合来看,木糖接枝改善花生蛋白膜性能的效果较好,当蛋白/木糖质量比为10时,蛋白膜拉伸强度为1.48 MPa,断裂延伸率为218.92%,溶解性60.80%,蛋白膜浸泡24 h后仍保持完整膜状态。该研究为花生蛋白膜的性能改善以及进一步开发利用提供理论依据。