矾矿废弃地生态修复植物种的筛选

采用方差分析及隶属函数等方法对苍南矾矿废弃地引入的18种环境修复植物的生长与生理适应性进行研究.结果表明:新分蘖高生长量在草本种间差异极显著(P＜0.01),冠幅生长量在木本植物间差异极显著(P＜0.01);生理指标(叶绿素含量、SOD和CAT酶活性)在18个植物种间呈现显著差异(P＜0.05),说明不同植物对矾矿废弃地环境的适应性是不同的,进行植物筛选是生态修复的关键和必要环节.综合生长与生理适应性表现,认为美丽胡枝子、新银合欢、构树和香根草是矾矿废弃地生态恢复的适生先锋物种,特别是具有生物固氮能力的美丽胡枝子和新银合欢对废弃土壤中N元素及有机质的积累有积极意义.     

石竹出笋退笋规律研究

对石竹出笋退笋规律的研究表明 ,石竹出笋时间始于 5月 1日左右 ,历时约 36d ,出笋初期出笋少 (持续时间 12d左右 ,占 11 1% ) ,盛期出笋数较多 (持续时间 18d ,占 83 9% ) ,末期出笋数迅速下降 (持续时间 6d ,出笋占 5 0 % ) ,初期出土石竹笋退笋少 ,以后退笋率不断增加 ,但末期退笋率又有所下降。随着笋期的推移 ,退笋高度不断增加 ,退笋生长时间缩短。     

内蒙古大兴安岭林区野生动物资源开发对策

内蒙古大兴安岭林区野生动物资源十分丰富,在积极保护的基础上,合理开发利用野生动物资源对林区培育新的经济增长点、提供就业机会具有重要意义.本文主要从药用野生动物、毛皮动物、食用动物及野生动物生态旅游产品等几个方面的开发对策进行了探讨.     

Geographical distribution of the DL1 and DL2 genes causing hybrid dwarfism in Phaseolus vulgaris L., their association with seed size,and their significance to breeding

Summary Dwarlism in F₁ hybrids has been observed in over 100 crosses of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, Colombia. In each cross, one parent always had small seeds and the other parent either medium or la ge ones. This apparent incompatibility between the two groups of germplasm was controlled by two complementary, dominant genes: DL₁ and DL₂. Smallseeded bean lines carried gene DL₁ and originated in Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, and Mexico; medium for large-seeded bean lines carried gene DL₂ and were from Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Turkey, The United States, and West Germany. Thes two genes have probably played an important role in the evolution of dry bean forms of different seed sizes by serving as a genetic barrier or isolating mechanism, thus limiting free genetic recombination between the two germplasm groups.Apparent differences in the adaptiveness and yielding ability of the two groups of bean germplasm, smallys, medium- and large-seeded, and some breeding implications for manipulation of the genes causing F₁ hybrid dwarfism were also discovered.     

In vitro pollen germination and tube growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and its relation with plant growth

Summary In vitro pollen germination at 10°C, 14°C and 22°C of four groups of two pure line tomato varieties was compared with their plant growth at 19°C D/10°C N under controlled environmental conditions. Generally, pollen germination was slow at 10°C but after 6 h the percentage of germination was similar to that at 22°C. Maximum germination was obtained at 14°C already after 4 h. The longest pollen tubes occurred at 22°C. The two varieties within each group differed significantly from each other for percentage of pollen germination. For one group, this difference was greater at 10°C than at 22°C. The varieties in two groups also differed significantly for pollen tube growth. These differences in pollen tube growth rate were greater at 22°C than at 10°C. There was no clear relationship between pollen germination, pollen tube growth and plant growth in any of the four pairs of varieties. The results are discussed with regard to the possibility of pollen selection at low temperature in order to improve the efficiency of breeding for growth at low temperature.     

An evaluation of seed and seedling drought tolerance screening tests in wheat

Summary A series of experiments was performed in order to evaluate the significance of seed germination and seedling growth in osmotic media as screening methods for drought tolerance.Ten spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) and one durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were tested under controlled environments, using polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG) solutions as the moisture stress inducing media.Tolerance in the rate of endosperm utilization, under stress, prior to the onset of germination varied among cultivars.Germination rate or injury to germination at various concentrations of PEG differed significantly among cultivars. Cultivar rating with respect to injury to germination changed with stress levels. Injury to germination did not correlate with endosperm utilization rate in PEG or in water.Germinating seedlings were tolerant to extreme desiccation up to the stage of emergence of the first leaf from the coleoptile.Growth of photosynthesizing seedlings was monitored as they were carried through an increasing concentration gradient of PEG solutions, ranging from –5.9 to –11.3 bars of water potential. Cultivars significantly differed in seedling growth tolerance to increasing levels of water stress. Seedling growth tolerance across cultivars was not correlated with their germination responses under srress.It is concluded that tolerance to water stress in growing seedlings can be screened for by using PEG-containing nutrient solutions. It can not be predicted from germination tests in osmotica.Work was done under a US-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) Grant no. 1654/78.Contribution from Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel, No. 192-E, 1979 series.     

Linkage Between the Incompatibility Locus Z and a β-Glucosidase Locus in Rye

Crosses of plants from the same I_0.1 line can be used for studying linkage relations between incompatibility loci and marker genes. Only one of the two incompatibility loci of rye has so far been localized, on chromosome 1R. In order to locate the second locus, crosses were performed with plants possessing known isozyme markers of the rye genome. Linkage was found with the β-glucosidase locus on chromosome 2R. By combined analysis a recombination value of C.144 was determined.     

河北省主要树种单木和林分生长率模型研建

利用第六次至第九次全国森林资源清查河北省2001,2006,2011,2016年4个年度的固定样地调查数据,采用非线性回归估计方法,建立了18个树种组的单木胸径生长率和材积生长率模型,以及12个树种组的林分材积生长率模型。结果表明,单木生长率模型的平均预估误差(MPE)基本都在3%以内,而平均百分标准误差(MPSE)、胸径生长率模型大都在10%以内,材积生长率模型大都在20%左右;林分生长率模型的平均预估误差(MPE)基本都在5%以内,平均百分标准误差(MPSE)大都在25%以内。所建模型可为河北省开展森林资源年度更新提供技术支撑。     

蒙古栎林全林整体生长模型及其应用

利用汪清林业局1997年、2007年森林经理调查的61块蒙古栎林的固定样地数据建立了蒙古栎林全林整体模型。全林整体模型是一组非线性联立方程组,它由8个非线性模型组成。利用Forstat2.0软件中的"非线性误差变量联立方程组"方法求解模型参数,保证了模型的无偏性。"刀切法"检验结果表明各林分因子的平均相对误差和相对均方误差均在15%以下。应用全林整体模型可以进行不同初始条件林分的生长分析及制定不同立地条件的林分密度控制图,为蒙古栎林的经营提供参考。     

晋西刺槐人工林Sloboda高生长模型

利用Sloboda多形指数曲线方程拟合了晋西方山县和吉县刺槐人工林的高生长模型。结果表明,模型在95%显著水平上通过检验,可用于试验区人工林收获预估和立地质量评价。将试验区坡向、坡位和部分地形按照优势木的高生长量由大到小的排序为:阳坡下部、阳坡凹地、阴坡中部、阳坡中部、半阴坡上部、阳坡上部、半阳坡中部、阴坡上部、峁顶、阳沟坡、半阳坡上部。