瓜类蔬菜光合特性研究进展

综述了瓜类蔬菜光合特性的研究进展，总结了光照、温度、CO2浓度、水分、矿质营养、叶龄、叶住及嫁接等因素对光合作用的影响，并提出了今后的研究方向。     

大豆疫病的种子处理技术研究

本试验用不同浓度的瑞毒锰锌、杀毒矾和克露进行大豆种子处理试验，结果表明，５００ｐｐｍ瑞毒锰锌对大豆疫病具有很好的治疗作用，而用杀毒矾以种子重量０．４—０．５％的剂量闷种，能显著地抑制大豆疫霉菌的侵入     

淡紫拟青霉发酵滤液对大豆胞囊线虫趋化性的影响

 实验室条件下,研究了大豆胞囊线虫幼虫对大豆根和根浸出液的趋化性以及淡紫拟青霉代谢产物对其趋化性的影响。结果表明,大豆胞囊线虫二龄幼虫(J₂)对大豆根存在着一定的趋化性,而淡紫拟青霉发酵滤液对J₂存在明显的驱避性。在根浸出液、真菌滤液及其混合液剂处理下,大豆胞囊线虫J₂在WA平板上靠近处理液的0~1cm区间中分布率存在极显著差异(P <0.0 1),而加样时间(液剂与线虫同时放置或提前2 4h处理)对其分布率没有显著影响。大豆幼根蘸取滤液后对线虫J₂在该区间的分布与不经处理的幼根差异显著(P <0.0 5),证明淡紫拟青霉发酵滤液可以明显地降低线虫与大豆根的亲和力,并强烈抑制线虫对大豆根的侵染。     

Evaluation of vegetable protein in canine diets: Assessment of performance and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility using a broiler model

Recent technological advances in the human food industry with respect to meat processing have decreased the availability of animal proteins to the pet food industry which typically formulates diets with an excess of animal protein. In the long term, this is not sustainable; thus, alternative protein sources need to be investigated. This study examined three canine diets, comparing a typical animal protein‐based diet (control) with two experimental diets where the animal protein was substituted in part with vegetable protein (formulated based either on total protein or amino acid content) using a broiler model. Each diet was fed to six cages each containing two birds from day 15, 18 cages in total (36 birds). Excreta were collected from days 19 to 21. On day 23, birds were euthanized and weighed, and their ileal digesta were collected and pooled for each cage. In addition, one leg per cage was collected for evaluation of muscle mass. Results showed no significant difference in animal performance (feed intake or live weight gain) or muscle to leg proportion across the diets. Birds fed the control diet and the diet balanced for amino acid content exhibited the greatest coefficients of apparent metabolizability for nitrogen (p < .001). Birds fed the diets that contained partial replacement of animal with vegetable protein generally had greater ileal digestibility of amino acids compared to birds fed the control (animal protein) diet. Analysis of excreta showed no dietary difference in terms of dry matter content; however, birds fed the diet balanced for total protein and the diet balanced for amino acid content had significantly greater excreta nitrogen than the control (p = .038). Overall, the study suggests vegetable proteins when formulated based on amino acid content are a viable alternative to animal proteins in canine diets.     

Glycine max and Glycine soja are capable of cold acclimation

Soybean has been considered a cold intolerant species; based largely upon seed germination and soil emergent evaluations. This study reports a distinct acquisition of cold tolerance, in seedlings, following short acclimation periods. Diversity in cold responses was assessed in eight cultivars of Glycine max and six accessions of G. soja. All varieties of soybean significantly increased in freezing tolerance following acclimation. This study indicates soybean seedlings are indeed capable of sensing cold and acquiring cold tolerance. Germination rates after cold imbibition were negatively correlated with maturity group, but positively correlated with cold acclimation potential in G. soja. Seed fatty acid composition was varied between the species, with Glycine soja accessions containing about 2‐times more linolenic acid (18:3) than G. max. Furthermore, high levels of linoleic acid (18:2) in seeds were positively correlated with germination rates following cold imbibition in G. soja only. We suggest that domestication has not impacted the overall ability of soybean to cold acclimate at the seedling stage and that there is little variation within the domesticated species for ability to cold acclimate. Thus, this brief comparative study reduces the enthusiasm for the “wild” species as an additional source of genetic diversity for cold tolerance.     

菜用睡莲营养成分及重金属含量测定与评价

对绿梗菜用睡莲(Nymphaea tetragona)及红梗菜用睡莲的15营养成分和4种重金属含量进行了测定与评价。结果表明,1与104~140种(品种)新鲜蔬菜已知数据比较,绿梗和红梗菜用睡莲均有较高含量的维生素C、钠及较低含量的干物质、蛋白质、钾、钙、镁、铜、锌、磷及硒;绿梗菜用睡莲有较高含量的粗纤维、锰及较低含量的铁,红梗菜用睡莲有较高含量的铁及较低含量的粗纤维。2菜用睡莲是一种含钠量较高的蔬菜。3绿梗菜用睡莲营养成分含量总体高于红梗菜用睡莲。4湖北产区菜用睡莲的铅、砷、镉及汞等重金属含量符合食品安全国家标准的规定。     

彝族高寒山区芜菁抑菌作用及黄酮含量的初步研究

用标准曲线法分析了芜菁Brassica rapa L.制作品——干板菜提取物对食物腐败菌的抑菌作用；用薄层层析、紫外吸收光谱等方法定性测验了干板菜提取物物质；以芦丁作对照品,用标准曲线法、单因素实验、正交试验等研究了乙醇提取千板菜总黄酮的最佳条件,并测定了总黄酮含量.研究表明:干板菜水提物对大肠杆菌具有较好的抑制作用；干板菜乙醇提取物除金色葡萄球菌外,对参试的大肠杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、毛霉等9种常见食物腐败菌均具有抑制作用,尤其对大肠杆菌和巨大芽孢杆菌具有良好的抑制作用.用乙醇提取干板菜中总黄酮的最佳条件为:乙醇浓度为70％,提取时间为3h,料液比为1∶50,提取温度为70℃.干板菜样品中总黄酮含量不低子12.69 mg/g,远高于常见蔬菜.     

Association analysis for detecting significant single nucleotide polymorphisms for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance at the seedling stage in soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.]

Tolerance to low-phosphorus soil is a desirable trait in soybean cultivars. Previous quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies for phosphorus-deficiency tolerance were mainly derived from bi-parental segregating populations and few reports from natural population. The objective of this study was to detect QTLs that regulate phosphorus-deficiency tolerance in soybean using association mapping approach. Phosphorus-deficiency tolerance was evaluated according to five traits (plant shoot height, shoot dry weight, phosphorus concentration, phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency) comprising a conditional phenotype at the seedling stage. Association mapping of the conditional phenotype detected 19 SNPs including 13 SNPs that were significantly associated with the five traits across two years. A novel cluster of SNPs, including three SNPs that consistently showed significant effects over two years, that associated with more than one trait was detected on chromosome 3. All favorable alleles, which were determined based on the mean of conditional phenotypic values of each trait over the two years, could be pyramided into one cultivar through parental cross combination. The best three cross combinations were predicted with the aim of simultaneously improving phosphorus acquisition efficiency and use efficiency. These results will provide a thorough understanding of the genetic basis of phosphorus deficiency tolerance in soybean.     

蔬菜洪涝灾后田间管理主要技术措施及对策

持续大到暴雨导致蔬菜田块遭受水淹,易造成涝灾、渍害,田间湿度大,病害多发,落花、落果较多,出现沤根、烂根、死棵、绝收现象。为搞好生产救灾,将灾害损失降至最低,针对洪涝灾害影响、灾后田间管理、灾后恢复生产等方面阐述了蔬菜灾后生产技术措施,对不同受灾程度的田块提出了清沟沥水、及时追肥、抢收抢种和加强病虫害防治等田间管理技术对策。