钾元素对苜蓿碳水化合物的分配及抗蓟马的影响

为了探索施钾对苜蓿（Medicago sativa）叶茎根碳水化合物的分配与苜蓿抗蓟马的关系,本试验以紫花苜蓿‘甘农3号’和‘甘农9号’为材料,以牛角花齿蓟马（Odontothrips loti）为研究对象,在网室盆栽条件下,评价不同钾水平下苜蓿的受害程度,并测定了叶茎根中可溶性糖和淀粉含量。结果表明：施钾后,苜蓿的受害指数下降,各器官中的可溶性糖与淀粉含量及其根冠比均升高。随着受害时间的持续,各钾水平下苜蓿叶中可溶性糖含量在受害10 d时最高,茎中可溶性糖含量在受害15 d时最高,根中可溶性糖含量及各器官中淀粉含量均持续增加;可溶性糖的叶茎比在受害10 d时最高,淀粉的叶茎比变化不显著,可溶性糖和淀粉的根冠比均持续升高。施钾提高了苜蓿的碳水化合物含量,并调控其在苜蓿各器官中的合理分配,进而增强了苜蓿对蓟马的耐害性。‘甘农9号’抗性表现较‘甘农3号’好,本试验中最适施钾量为0.6 g·（10 kg）^-1土。     

红河州凝冻天气预报预警系统

通过实地考察、历史统计等确定凝冻天气多发易发点,然后进行区划分级,分别建立预报方程,做出凝冻天气预报。包括以下几个方面的内容:确定凝冻天气多发易发点,并进行区划;找出不同凝冻天气等级的温度临界值;选取凝冻天气预报因子,建立预报方程;在实践中检验,对预报方程作进一步的订正;建立基本信息数据库以及凝冻天气预报预警发布平台。     

黑龙江省桑树种质资源考察

通过 10多年对黑龙江省野生桑树种质资源的实地考察 ,明确了全省野生桑树主要分布在北纬 5 0°以南地区 ,北纬 5 0°以北是我国桑树分布的最北限区。发现了 1株 12 0a的古桑树 ,是宝贵的耐寒桑树种质 ;从收集的 30份桑树种质材料中选择出优良单株 ,通过嫁接繁殖成 30个无性系 ,建立了黑龙江省地方桑树类型种质园。野生桑树种质资源具有根系发达和抗寒、抗旱、耐剪伐、树型可塑性强等特点 ,是开发耐寒高产桑树品种和生态林木品种的优异材料。     

上甘山林场湿地松冻害调查研究

通过对江西省上高县上甘山林场的采脂湿地松林冻害状况的调查,分析了其灾害程度与立地条件、采脂状况的关系,为冻害后湿地松恢复技术提供科学依据。     

Weed control and sensitivity of oats (Avena sativa) with various doses of saflufenacil

Saflufenacil is a new herbicide being developed by BASF for broadleaved weed control in maize, soybean and other crops prior to crop emergence. Six field studies were conducted in Ontario, Canada over a three year period (2008-2010) to evaluate the potential of saflufenacil applied pre-emergence (PRE) at various doses for broadleaved weed control in oats. Saflufenacil applied PRE caused minimal visible injury at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after emergence (WAE) in oats. At 4 WAE, the dose of saflufenacil required to provide 95% control of Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed), Chenopodium album (common lambsquarters), Polygonum convolvulus (wild buckwheat), Polygonum scabrum (green smartweed) and Sinapsis arvensis (wild mustard) was 72 to >100, >100, 74, 58 and >100 g ai ha⁻¹, respectively. Generally, similar saflufenacil dose-response trends were seen at 8 WAE. The doses of saflufenacil required to provide 95% reduction in density and dry weight ranged from 95 to >100 and 42 to >100 g ai ha⁻¹ respectively for A. artemisiifolia, C. album, P. convolvulus, P. scabrum and S. arvensis. Oat yield showed no sensitivity to saflufenacil at the doses evaluated. Based on this study, saflufenacil applied PRE can be safely used in spring planted oats for the control of some troublesome annual broadleaved weeds.     

低温冻害对油菜产量的影响

分析了低温冻害对荆州油菜产量的影响,为今后的防冻救灾工作提出建议。     

Performance of hybrids between transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and wild Brassica juncea: An evaluation of potential for transgene escape

Understanding the potential for the evolution of herbicide tolerance in weeds following gene flow from transgenic crops is important for their management. The inter-specific hybrids formed between four Brassica juncea populations with different glyphosate-susceptibility and transgenic oilseed rape was studied, emphasizing on the possible population difference. Compared with both parents, the fitness-related components and photosynthetic capacity of hybrids decreased dramatically, but significant differences were observed among different hybrids. All F₁ hybrids exhibited highly enhanced but similar herbicide tolerance level regardless of the wild B. juncea parent, indicating that genetically engineered herbicide tolerance may over-dominate phenotype ones by wild-crop hybridization. The analysis of parental loci transmission revealed a higher transfer ratio of male-specific loci detected in F₁ hybrids, suggesting that oilseed rape genetic markers can be transferred at relatively high frequencies to the next generation. Therefore, higher transfer ratio of oilseed rape-specific loci, coupled with variation of populations in fitness-related parameters in F₁ hybrids, could complicate environmental risk assessment of transgenic oilseed rape, especially in current agroecosystems with increasing application of glyphosate.     

丛枝菌根真菌提高黄瓜幼苗抗立枯病作用研究

为研究丛枝菌根真菌对黄瓜苗期立枯病的防治效果和相关生理生化变化。以黄瓜品种中农16为材料,播种时接种丛枝菌根真菌,对20 d幼苗人工接种立枯丝核菌。结果表明,接种菌根真菌后能够显著提高黄瓜苗期对立枯病的抗性,降低发病率。黄瓜苗期人工接种立枯丝核菌后菌根苗和非菌根苗发病率分别为16．5％和52．0％,非菌根苗发病严重,病情指数为46．7,接菌病情指数为10,较非接菌苗下降了78．5％,接种菌根真菌提高黄瓜抗病性与改变相关酶活性有关,在病害发生前菌根真菌已经与寄主植物互利共生,提前启动了抵抗病害得相关机制,如提高了保护酶活性,促进植株生长,接种菌根真菌后菌根苗地上鲜质量和地上干质量分别比未接菌处理提高33．10％和25.93％。在病害发生过程中菌根真菌与病原菌互相竞争,抑制病菌对寄主的侵害,减轻细胞膜受损害程度。     

不同燕麦品种的镉毒害效应及耐镉性差异

为探讨不同燕麦品种耐Cd能力的差异,采用营养液培养,对10个燕麦品种的Cd毒害效应及耐Cd性差异进行了研究。结果表明,供试燕麦品种添加5 μmol·L^-1 Cd处理20 d后,幼苗生物产量均低于对照,不同品种间降幅差异显著,其中“品5号”生物产量下降幅度最小,耐Cd指数最高,而“坝莜6号”生物产量降幅最大,耐Cd指数最低。Cd胁迫条件下,供试燕麦品种叶绿素含量、根系活力均有不同程度降低;POD活性、Pro含量不同程度增加,并且这些指标的增减幅度品种之间差异显著。Cd胁迫下,各品种叶片POD活性增加率、Pro增加率与耐Cd性呈显著正相关,根系活力降低率与耐Cd性呈显著负相关,这三者可作为燕麦耐Cd性的生化指标。     

假俭草抗寒性与体内碳水化合物、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量的关系

为了阐述假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro.)Hack.)的抗寒性与碳水化合物、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白含量季节动态变化之间的关系,于2008年10月-2009年5月,研究了在自然温度变化过程中,假俭草E126匍匐茎中碳水化合物、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白的季节性动态变化及其与半致死温度(LT₅₀)变化的关系。结果表明:在越冬前后假俭草E126匍匐茎LT₅₀呈现先降低后升高的季节变化趋势,可溶性总糖、蔗糖、果糖含量,可溶性总糖淀粉比率以及脯氨酸含量伴随田间气温变化均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,可溶性蛋白、淀粉含量则呈现出先降低又升高的趋势。假俭草E126匍匐茎LT₅₀季节变化与可溶性总糖、蔗糖、果糖含量,可溶性总糖淀粉比率季节变化之间存在极显著负相关(P<0.01),而与淀粉含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量的季节变化间相关性不显著。因此,可溶性总糖含量、蔗糖含量、果糖含量、可溶性总糖淀粉比率对其冬季抗寒性增强有重要作用。