桉树抗冻性种质的筛选

云南常年冬天不冷,1982年度冬,一反常态,变成冬季奇寒,低温寡照的气候。不论是冷冬和冬雨,都出现了明显的极值。为了对比方便,将桉树(Eucalyptus)受冻后的生态反映情况分为五级,并以这个标准记录了在云南面积最大,分布最广的4种桉树的受冻情况,其中直干桉(E.maideni)、蓝桉(E.globulus)、大叶桉(E.robusta)、赤桉(E.camaldulensis)在玉溪海拔1680米处的平均受冻级别分别为1.00级,1.06级,1.39级,1.49级,此外还记录了57种按树受害情况。1983、1984到1988年度冬,我们测定了61种桉树的抗冻生理指标,这些室内测定数据,与室外桉树受冻的生态反映级别是基本趋于一致的。因此,根据测定数据,我们将61种桉树的抗冻性分为强、中、弱三等,可为云南桉树的合理布局提供科学依据。     

The effect of short day treatments on containerized Douglas-fir morphology,physiology and phenology

The effect of short day treatments (blackout) on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) container seedlings at the time of lift and following cold storage was investigated. Variables measured included height, root collar diameter (RCD), root growth capacity (RGC), photosynthetic efficiency after –18 °C freezing (PEF), and days to terminal bud break (DBB). From one to four blackout dormancy induction treatments were started on three dates (July 12, July 26, and August 10) with 10 or 20 d between multiple blackouts. Increasing the number of blackout treatments resulted in lower RCD, lower DBB in the late winter/early spring, and higher PEF in the early fall. Later blackout start dates decreased PEF in the early fall, and increased overall height and late fall RGC as compared to earlier blackout start dates. Nurseries growing Douglas-fir seedlings from coastal Pacific Northwest provenances should be aware that blackout regimes can decrease RGC in the late fall, and cause quicker dormancy release in the early spring. Coastal Douglas-fir can be lifted and planted in the early fall, when RGC and DBB are relatively high. If planting between February and April is necessary, seedlings given blackout should be cold stored in January to maintain an adequate level of dormancy, RGC and PEF.     

早熟禾对精噁唑禾草灵耐药性的靶标酶机制研究

早熟禾对精噁唑禾草灵、精喹禾灵、高效氟吡甲禾灵、炔草酸、精吡氟禾草灵、氰氟草酯、烯禾啶和苯草酮具有耐药性．而对烯草酮和吡喃草酮敏感。早熟禾生物型的乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACCase）对精嗯唑禾草灵的活性显著高于敏感杂草日本看麦娘．5个早熟禾生物型的,IC50值为敏感杂草日本看麦娘,IC50值的10．46～11．98倍：早熟禾ACCase氨基酸序列1781位点存在亮氨酸／异亮氨酸的多态性现象,而亮氨酸的存在是其它禾本科杂草对ACCase抑制剂除草剂产生抗性的主要原因之一：5个早熟禾生物型的ACCase基因表达量为日本看麦娘的4．67～7.37倍。早熟禾与日本看麦娘的ACCase活性、基因序列及基因表达量差异可能是导致早熟禾对精嗯唑禾草灵具有耐药性的靶标酶机理。     

The impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on strawberry tolerance to root damage and drought stress

Individually, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), drought stress, and root damage can alter terrestrial plant performance but the joint effects of these three factors have not been explored. Because AMF can improve water relations, colonization by these root symbionts may increase the host’s tolerance of drought especially when roots have been compromised by herbivory. This full factorial study examined effects of AMF, water deficit, and artificial root herbivory in three genotypes of wild strawberry, Fragaria virginiana Duchesne that originated from the same restored tallgrass prairie as the AMF inoculum. Drought stress and root damage altered allocation to roots vs. shoots but the effects were not additive and the interaction did not depend on AMF treatment. Effects of AMF were absent with one exception: root damage significantly reduced belowground mass only in plants inoculated with AMF. Although drought stress did not interact with the AMF treatment, both drought stress and root damage reduced the abundance of arbuscules, and especially vesicles, and colonization varied among genotypes. Failure to detect strong effects of AMF on host growth could be due to variable responses of individual AMF species summing to no net effects. Functionally, AMF were primarily commensals of strawberry in this study.     

提高奶牛冷冻精液使用效果的措施

如何提高奶牛冷冻精液的使用效果,在奶牛繁殖中是人们一直追求的目标。作者根据多年的实际生产经验,在冷冻精液的解冻液配方、冷冻方式、解冻温度、解冻后的保存温度等方面进行了改进,取得了较好的效果。     

适用于水稻微粒体蛋白的双向电泳技术及苯达松抗性相关蛋白的初步分析

针对不同来源的样品，建立相应的双向电泳(two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, 2-DE)技术是开展蛋白质组学研究的基础。以野生型水稻(O. sativa L.)农林8号(N8)及其苯达松敏感致死(bentazon sensitive lethal, bsl)突变体农林8号m (N8m)为材料，通过优化条件，建立了适合于水稻微粒体蛋白的双向电泳技术。并通过双向电泳图谱的比对，共找到15个差异蛋白点，分为供试材料间差异、苯达松处理前后差异和N8在苯达松处理后特异表达等3种类型。结合苯达松抗性比较及苯达松残留分析，推测材料间差异是因γ射线辐照引起基因结构变异，从而影响了基因的表达；苯达松处理前后差异与氧自由基清除酶系或系统获得抗性相关酶系有关；N8在苯达松处理后特异表达与苯达松代谢有关。     

几株优良乳酸菌耐受特性研究

对4株分离自川西牧区自然发酵乳中的优良乳酸菌的耐酸能力、耐胆酸盐能力、耐渗透压能力、拮抗肠道病原菌能力和对医用药物敏感性等耐受性进行了研究。结果表明,4株优良乳酸菌均有一定程度的抗逆能力,可以结合其优良的发酵特性和抗逆特性,研究开发新型发酵乳。     

Genetic Analyses of Tolerance to Low Nitrogen in Tropical Maize Germplasm

Six tropical maize inbred lines were crossed in a half diallel fashion and evaluated along with their F1 hybrids under iow N (0 kg/ha) and high N(170 kg/ha), for grain yield, ear diameter, ear length,number of rows per ear, 100-kernel weight, ear leaf area, shoot dry weight, ear leaf chlorophyll content and plant height to determine their response to different level of N. Grain yield and ear leaf chlorophyll content measured by 48% lower under -N than under + N, and were most affected by -N. Ear length had the highest reduction under -N of 22%. Plant height and shoot dry weight were both reduced by 28%. Diallel analysis indicated significant additive as well as dominance variance for grain yield under -N. The same results were shown when one tolerant × nontolerant cross from the diallel hybrids was subjected to generation mean analysis which also indicated significant epistatic effects. These results suggest that S1 or S2 progeny selection may be an effective means of improving grain yield of tropical maize under low soil N.     

香樟耐寒性试验研究

[目的]为香樟在豫中北部城市的引种提供依据。[方法]分别驻马店市区和郊外栽植香樟,比较香樟的生长情况,观察香樟的耐寒性。[结果]香樟在市区与在郊外相比不易遭受冻害。香樟嫩枝易受低温冻害,根部则不受冻害。树龄相近的香樟,耐寒耐冻的能力个体差异很小;树龄差别大的香樟,耐寒耐冻的能力差别较大;树龄越大越不易遭受冻害。在最低气温低于-10℃时,野外幼树的枝干很容易遭受冻害,但截去冻死的枝干后可继续发芽,长成大树。在略低于-10℃时,野外大香樟树可能不遭受冻害或仅嫩枝嫩叶遭受轻度冻害。[结论]在驻马店以北的城市市区内可引种香樟,但野外和市区内的小香樟冬季需要采取防寒措施,以免发生冻害。     

低温锻炼对胡杨愈伤组织抗寒性、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响

胡杨(Populus euphratica)是唯一能在中国西北部半干旱地区存活和形成森林的高大乔木树种,对干旱、盐碱、低温等逆境有较强的耐受力。本研究以胡杨愈伤组织作为材料,检测了胡杨愈伤组织在低温锻炼过程中抗寒性、可溶性蛋白含量、脯氨酸含量以及SOD、CAT、POD活性的变化。结果显示低温锻炼(2℃)不仅提高了胡杨愈伤组织的抗寒性及脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白的含量,且增强了SOD、CAT等抗氧化酶的活性。