Astragalus polysaccharide attenuates free fatty acid-induced toxicity by activating AMPK in C2C12 myoblasts

AIM: To examine the effects of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on the toxicity of free fatty acids (FFAs) in C2C12 myoblasts. METHODS: C2C12 cells were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, APS group, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR)group,FFAs group and FFAs+APS group. MTT assay was used to observe the viability of C2C12 cells. C2C12 cells pretreated with FFAs at concentration of 0.25 mmol/L for 24 h were exposed to APS at dose of 200 mg/L for 24 h. The expression of total AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) and phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p-ACC) was examined by Western blotting. The content of AMP and ATP was determined by HPLC. The structural changes of the mitochondria were examined by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: The results of MTT assay indicated that APS improved the viability of C2C12 cells pretreated with FFAs. In FFAs+APS group, the ratio of AMP/ATP was increased after treatment with APS. No difference of total AMPK expression in C2C12 cells between APS group and FFAs group was observed. However, the expression of p-AMPK and p-ACC increased in APS group as compared with FFAs group. The results of transmission electron microscopy indicated that APS improved the vacuolar degeneration of mitochondria resulted from treatment with FFAs in C2C12 cells. CONCLUSION: In C2C12 cells, APS attenuates FFA-induced lipotoxity via a mitochondria-and AMPK-dependent mechanism.     

高温胁迫下不同大花蕙兰品种叶片游离脯氨酸累积的差异与耐热性的关系

选择大花蕙兰垂花型、软枝型、硬枝型共7个品种,进行离体叶片高温胁迫后叶片游离脯氨酸含量的测定,探讨脯氨酸含量变化与大花蕙兰品种耐热性的关系。结果表明：耐热性较强的品种在高温胁迫下,叶片游离脯氨酸含量相对增长率高于耐热性较弱的品种。高温胁迫下叶片游离脯氨酸含量相对增长率,可作为判断大花蕙兰品种耐热性的参考指标之一。     

Characterization of Influence of Manure Handling System and Feeding on the Level of Ammonia Release Using a Simple Method in Cow Houses

The effects of manure handling system and feeding of dairy cows were studied using a simple method to analyse the level of ammonia release in cow stables. Two ratios based on the balances of ammonia and sensible heat, and ammonia and carbon dioxide, respectively, in animal houses were determined and considered to give characteristic levels of the release of ammonia in relation to the animal density independently of the ventilation rate. This required measurements of ammonia, carbon dioxide and temperature with hand-held instruments in the buildings and in outside air. In total, 34 dairy herds were investigated in the south of Sweden. The results clearly demonstrated higher release of ammonia from free stall barn with liquid manure than from conventional tie stall barn with solid manure. There was a clear effect of the content of crude protein, gram per kg dry matter, in the total feed ration on ammonia release in tie stall barn with liquid manure.     

Concentrations and Flow of Free Amino Acids in Ruminal and Duodenal Liquid of Dairy Cows in Relation to Feed Composition,Time of Feeding and Level of Feed Intake

The main purpose of this study was to examine sources of variation in free amino acids (FAA) in the rumen and their relative contribution to the total duodenal amino acid supply. Six cannulated lactating dairy cows fed three concentrate mixtures differing in ruminally degradable intake protein (101, 114 and 134 g kg^-1 dry matter) at two levels of intake (19.3 vs 9.8 kg dry matter day^-1     

城市公园免费前后生态环境容量对比分析——以昆明市西华公园为例

城市公园在城市美化和改善生态环境方面发挥着重要的作用,是城市居民的主要休闲游憩场所。随着城市公园的免费开放,剧增的游客给公园生态环境带来了不小的冲击。通过对昆明市西华公园免费开放前后生态环境容量的对比分析,探讨公园生态环境的承载力和再生力,以及如何在特定的生态区域内人为提高环境容量,改善生态环境容量因游客量剧增带来的矛盾,探寻城市居民与生态环境双赢的方式。     

米糠稳定化对米糠中游离脂肪酸值的影响

[目的]研究米糠稳定化对米糠中游离脂肪酸值的影响.[方法]对米糠进行干热、湿热、微波和挤压等稳定化处理,并通过测定游离脂肪酸值确定米糠稳定化的最有效方法.[结果]在相同储藏期内稳定化效果顺序为：微波湿热处理＞挤压处理＞湿热处理＞干热处理.从短时间来看,通过挤压法对米糠的稳定效果最好,在130℃下用单螺杆挤压机处理含水量25％的米糠,3d后游离脂肪酸值才达到3.28％;从米糠长期保存考虑,微波湿热处理（25％含水量,60s）效果优于挤压处理（130℃、含水量25％）.[结论]干热法、湿热法、微波法和挤压法等4种稳定方法对抑制米糠游离脂肪酸值的增加都有一定效果.     

基于SWOT分析的重庆自由贸易区建设发展战略探索

从发展战略的角度出发,在对中国(重庆)自由贸易试验区的发展进行SWOT分析的基础上,识别其建设中存在的优势、劣势、机遇、挑战,用系统分析的方法把各种因素相互匹配起来加以分析总结,探索促进和完善重庆自由贸易区发展的战略,建设出内陆经济开放高地.     

中国和东盟经济增长对世界经济的影响分析

指出了随着经济全球化进一步发展和中国-东盟自由贸易区建设的推进，中国经济和东盟经济的快速增长对世界经济产生了重要的影响，运用计量方法定量地分析中国、东盟与世界经济增长之间的关系，发现自2000年以后，中国经济与世界经济的相关性逐年加强，但总体水平仍较弱，而东盟经济与世界经济的相关性则较强。阐述了中国、东盟经济与FDI流入之间的冲击关系。     

彩色定向结构刨花板的研制

彩色定向结构刨花板（ＯＳＢ）是利用染我后的大片刨花为表层,本色刨花为芯层,施 后一次热压成型,经简单处理后用于有色彩要求的场所。本研究主要探讨染色工艺对刨花表面相对自由基浓度的影响及由此产生的对胶合性能的影响。研究结果表明,不同染料和染色工艺对刨花表面的相对自由基浓度有显著影响,染色对ＯＳＢ无不良影响