吉林省耕地压力指数时空分异特征研究及其预测研究

笔者运用耕地压力指数模型和灰色系统理论GM(1,1)模型,对吉林省2003—2012 年间的耕地利用压力指数时空分异特征进行分析,并对其动态变化和未来发展趋势进行了预测。研究结果显示：随着时间的推移,加之国家放开“二胎政策”人口不断在增加,未来人口会出现增加趋势,即使在规定未来十年内人们的人均食物需求量也会不增加的基础上,最小人均耕地面积的增加幅度越来越小,以及大量耕地向建设用地转换,使得耕地压力指数有过大的趋向,而且2017—2027 年吉林省的耕地压力指数处于上升的趋向,即使耕地压力不是很明显,但仍不可忽视。过大的趋向,而且2017-2027年吉林省的耕地压力指数处于上升的趋向,即使耕地压力不是很明显,但仍不可忽视。     

利用InDel分子标记分析海南山栏稻品种籼粳特性

为明确海南山栏稻品种的籼粳分化特性与遗传变异规律,利用34个籼粳特异InDel分子标记和24个SSR分子标记对22个海南山栏稻品种的籼粳特性与遗传变异进行分析。InDel分子标记鉴定结果表明,供试品种粳型基因频率变幅在0.68~0.83,以粳型品种为主,占到总品种的63.6%,未发现籼型或偏籼型品种。海拔梯度分析表明,海南山栏稻中粳型品种分布范围更为广泛,具有更强的环境适应能力。遗传变异分析表明,在供试群体中共检测到191个等位基因,其中稀有等位基因(基因频率≤0.05)数为86个,占到总等位基因数的45.03%。在供试的3个地理来源中,琼中县的遗传多样性最为丰富。     

棉花WOX转录因子家族基因的全基因组鉴定与分析

为了挖掘可用于棉花花器官或纤维发育研究的候选基因,基于已发布的陆地棉全基因组数据,利用生物信息学的分析方法鉴定了陆地棉WOX(WUSCHEL-related homeobox,WOX)转录因子基因家族,并从染色体分布、基因及蛋白理化性质、蛋白结构、多重序列比对、系统进化树和基因表达模式等方面对该基因家族的特征进行了比较分析。结果表明,鉴定到37个陆地棉WOX转录因子家族基因,命名为GhWOX1~GhWOX37。亚基因组定位结果显示,37个陆地棉WOX转录因子家族基因分布在除了A04、A06、A09、D04、D06和D09号亚基因组以外的20个亚基因组,A亚组比D亚组多1个GhWOX转录因子家族基因。多重序列比对分析棉花WOX转录因子家族成员均具有高度保守的同源异型结构域;系统进化树分析发现棉花WOX转录因子家族可以分为3个亚家族(Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类),各亚类分别含有23,7,7个GhWOX转录因子家族基因成员。对NCBI中陆地棉的EST数据库比对分析,有11个GhWOX转录因子家族成员没有可匹配的EST序列,其他26个GhWOX转录因子家族成员在棉花的根、茎、叶、花、胚珠、纤维和种子等组织和器官中广泛表达。为深入研究棉花和其他植物中WOX家族的鉴定和功能研究奠定了基础。     

广东省农业发展优势度综合评价方法及其空间特征研究

客观评价农业发展优势,并对症施策,有助于促进农业高质高效发展和乡村全面振兴。本文从自然地理本底、农业生产环境、农业质量效益、经营组织效益、生态协调能力、产业发展潜力等6个维度构建农业发展优势度评价指标体系,借助熵权法、机器学习神经网络算法等评价并揭示了2019年广东省县域农业发展优势度及其空间特征。结果表明：2019年广东省农业发展综合优势度空间差异明显,珠江三角洲平原区县域的农业优势最突出。6个分项中,自然地理本底、农业生产环境和生态协调能力是主要贡献因素。其中,自然地理本底和经营组织效益均表现为粤西南方向最优;农业生产环境表现为粤东北方向最优;产业发展潜力表现为粤东南方向较优;农业质量效益、生态协调能力与农业综合优势度整体空间分布相似,但农业质量效益不再是农业发展优势度的关键影响因素,粤中南和东北方向的生态协调优势突出。因此,建议结合农业分项与综合优势,未来在珠江三角洲平原区以及粤西南、粤东南和粤东北分别形成现代都市农业区、高效农业区、特色农业区和生态农业区,助力农业高质量发展。     

Effects of DHRS3 in C2C12 Myoblast Differentiation and Mouse Skeletal Muscle Injury

Myoblast differentiation is an essential process during skeletal muscle development. C2 C12 myoblast is a commonly used experimental model to study muscle cell differentiation in vitro. Dehydrogenase/reductase(SDR family) member 3(DHRS3) is a highly conserved member in short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily and has been shown to be involved in the metabolism of retinol. Previous experimental results showed that the expression of DHRS3 increased significantly during the differentiation of myoblasts differentiation. However, the effect of DHRS3 on mouse muscle cell differentiation was unclear. The objective of current study was to determine if DHRS3 affected muscle cell differentiation, and if DHRS3 was involved in muscle regeneration. Protein expression was determined by western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. The activation and inhibition of DHRS3 increased and decreased C2 C12 myoblast differentiation respectively, which indicated that DHRS3 could affect C2 C12 myoblast differentiation. DHRS3 expression was significantly changed during muscle regeneration, with the regeneration of muscle injury, the expression of DHRS3 tended to increase first and then decrease. It suggested that DHRS3 might be involved in muscle regeneration. In summary, this study confirmed the involvement of DHRS3 in C2 C12 myoblast differentiation and mouse skeletal muscle regeneration and provided a theoretical basis for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of muscle development.     

崩岗崩积体坡面糙度及其与侵蚀方式的耦合影响研究

崩岗崩积体是崩岗的主要沙源地。基于人工模拟降雨试验及三维激光扫描技术,研究崩岗崩积体坡面侵蚀过程。研究表明:利用三维激光扫描的点云数据能定量分析降雨前后坡面水蚀特征。全坡面及各坡位均为片蚀总量大于细沟侵蚀总量,但各坡位的侵蚀强度有所差异,其细沟侵蚀强度由大到小表现为下坡、中坡、上坡,片蚀强度由大到小表现为上坡、中坡、下坡。坡面空间糙度由大到小大致呈现下坡位、中坡位、上坡位,坡面侵蚀方式可影响坡面糙度值及变化趋势,而坡面糙度亦能影响各侵蚀方式的侵蚀强度。整个降雨时段内全坡面侵蚀量最大、产沙量次之,沉积量最小,受坡面糙度变化影响,全坡面侵蚀、产沙量均呈现递减趋势。而上坡位的侵蚀、产沙量无明显变化,中、下坡位的侵蚀、产沙量呈对数减小趋势。此外,除上、下坡位沉积量间存在显著差异外,各坡位间侵蚀量、产沙量均无显著差异。     

流域侵蚀强度空间分异及动态变化模拟研究

流域侵蚀强度空间分异是小流域泥沙来源研究的重要内容之一。该文以小流域模型模拟试验为基础，利用人工模拟降雨、近景摄影测量和GIS技术，对流域模型不同空间部位的侵蚀强度及其随流域所处发育阶段的动态变化进行了研究。研究结果表明：依据次降雨相对侵蚀模数REM将历经25场模拟降雨的小流域模型发育过程划分为初期时段、活跃时段和稳定时段。沟谷侵蚀强度在整个流域模型发育过程中一直大于坡面；在流域发育初期时段至活跃时段前期，主沟侵蚀强度大于支沟，流域下部侵蚀强度大于中部和上部；在流域发育活跃时段后期，主沟侵蚀强度低于支沟，流域中部和下部侵蚀强度快速增长并达到峰值；在稳定期时段，主沟和支沟侵蚀强度变化趋于同步，流域上部的侵蚀强度高于中部和下部。流域侵蚀强度的时空分布特征对于小流域水土流失综合治理具有科学指导意义。     

抗生素对高羊茅胚性愈伤组织生长与分化的影响

研究了两种常用抗生素对高羊茅胚性愈伤组织生长和分化的影响 ,结果表明 ,头孢霉素明显抑制愈伤组织生长 ,而浓度低于 5 0 0mg L的羧苄青霉素能促进愈伤组织生长 ;两种抗生素对愈伤组织分化均有抑制作用 ,但羧苄青霉素的抑制作用要比头孢霉素小。因此 ,在农杆菌介导高羊茅遗传转化中 ,抑菌剂以选用羧苄青霉素较为合适。     

Genetic characterization of a collection of chayote, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sechium edule</Emphasis> (Jacq.) Swartz,in Costa Rica by using isozyme markers

We established protocols for the analysis of genetic diversity in chayote (Sechium edule) by using isozyme markers, thereby determining the level of genetic diversity present in 42 accessions of chayote from Costa Rica. We obtained clear and reproducible zymograms for eight enzyme staining systems: PGM, 6-PGD, PGI, IDH, MDH, SOD, SKD, and EST, and were able to score 14 putative loci. Eight of the 14 loci examined were polymorphic. We found 35 distinct multilocus genotypes among these accessions. Five of these multilocus genotypes were homozygous for all loci. In addition, our data also revealed that most of the multilocus genotypes (24) were heterozygous for only one of the eight loci, and the rest were heterozygous for two or three loci (9 and 4 accessions, respectively). Seven multilocus genotypes were found in two different accessions. Dice similarity coefficient was used to study the relationship between accessions. This analysis, based on the presence and absence of alleles, revealed that accessions collected in the same location seldom shared the same multilocus genotype. The value of isozyme polymorphisms as tools to continue studies on the characterization of chayote is discussed.