多胺与板栗花性别分化的关系

研究了板栗花性别分化期内源多胺含量变化以及外源多胺对板栗花性别分化的影响。结果表明,在板栗雄花分化期,抽生结果枝的芽内源腐胺和亚精胺含量高于抽生营养枝的芽;在板栗雌花分化期,抽生结果枝的芽和抽生营养枝的芽内源多胺含量变化基本一致,内源腐胺含量在萌芽前降至最低后到萌芽时升至较高水平,内源亚精胺和精胺含量在萌芽前均略有上升,到萌芽时迅速升至较高水平;在雄花分化期和雌花分化期,抽生结果枝的芽均以亚精胺含量变化幅度最大,腐胺次之,精胺最小。板栗雌花分化期施用外源多胺,外源腐胺对花芽分化(尤其是雌花分化)有显著抑制作用,亚精胺对雌花分化有促进作用。     

大豆品种自贡冬豆花芽分化及开花逆转过程的形态解剖学研究

研究了光周期反应敏感的晚熟大豆[Glycine max (L.) Merr.]品种自贡冬豆在正常花芽分化和开花逆转过程中的解剖学特征。光周期处理包括连续短日照（SD, 12 h）、连续长日照（LD, 16 h）和13 d短日后转入长日(SD13d-LD)3种。结果表明, 自贡冬豆在连续短日条件下可正常开花结实;经13 d短日照处理后移至长日照下约50％的植株发生开花逆转,另外50％的植株形成短的顶端花序;在连续长日照下保持营养生长。短日照不仅促进大豆的生殖发育, 而且加快出叶速度。短日处理3 d基部叶腋开始分化花芽;13 d顶端分生组织开始分化花序,19 d顶端花序分化结束,29 d植株开花。SD13-LD处理,在移至长日照的最初14 d内,顶端分生组织继续分化花原基,但分化速度比连续短日处理慢,分化出的花芽数目少。长日处理20 d（出苗后33 d）左右,约50％植株的顶端分生组织逆转到营养器官的分化。在连续长日条件下,顶端分生组织一直分化叶片。还讨论了叶片和花器官的同源性。     

君子兰花器官离体培养的初步研究

以君子兰品种‘油匠’的花瓣、花丝、胚珠等花器官为外植体进行离体培养,结果表明：采用0.1%升汞消毒10 min,花器官外植体污染率较低,仅为9.9%;不同花器官外植体愈伤组织诱导与分化能力不同,花瓣的愈伤组织诱导率和分化率最高,分别达到15.6%和57.1%;花瓣外植体诱导愈伤组织和分化成苗的能力与花蕾大小、植物生长调节剂及蔗糖浓度等因素有关,最适培养基为MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg·L^-1+BA 1.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L^-1+蔗糖3.0%,适宜的花蕾长度为0.6~1.0 cm。蔗糖浓度为3%时,花器官外植体愈伤组织诱导率与分化成苗率较高。     

花器官发育的ABC模型研究进展

通过对双子叶植物拟南芥和金鱼草花器官突变体的研究 ,建立了花器官发育的ABC模型。水稻作为单子叶植物的模式植物 ,其花器官发育已经成为植物分子遗传学研究的热点。近年来有关花器官发育的基因研究已经取得了很大的进展 ,从ABC模型、MADS盒转录因子以及水稻花器官发育的ABC模型等 3方面介绍了近年来国内外的研究进展。     

MT 10 Mutant of Rice with Altered Lateral Root Initiation

Mutants with increased resistanco to toxic anxin concentrations were first isolated in rice.The present report describes their isolation,genetics and physiological characterization.     

美国大学体育的萌生与机制分析及对我国大学体育的启示

基于大量一手文献的翻译、整理，从公共体育、专业体育和课外体育三个方面，阐述美国大学体育 的创建历程。在此基础上，从合理性、合法性层面，揭示美国大学体育构建的内部机制。体育思想的转变 为美国大学体育的萌生提供了动力来源，并通过合理性、合法性的构建指引、规约了美国大学体育体系的 构建；由此得到的启示是大学体育改革和发展必须有先进的体育思想为基础、以完善的制度为保障。     

Inflorescence architecture of olive

The influence of flower position on the inflorescence on opening day, gender, and petal persistence was studied in three olive cultivars: Manzanillo, Mission, and Frantoio. In each cultivar, 45 inflorescences were checked every morning from flower opening to petal fall. Perfect flowers opened mainly in the beginning of the flower opening period, and staminate flowers opened later. Flower position on the inflorescence had a highly significant effect on the opening day in all cultivars. Terminal flowers and the flowers located on the primary branches opened earlier than the flowers located on the secondary branches. Flower position had also a highly significant effect on gender in Manzanillo and Mission. In Manzanillo, the secondary branches had fewer perfect flowers than the primary branches. In Mission, the secondary branches had no perfect flowers at all. Among the primary branches, the branch arising immediately next to the terminal flower had the latest flowers to open and the lowest percent of perfect flowers. In Manzanillo, perfect flowers had significantly longer petal persistence than staminate flowers. To study flower competition within the inflorescence, the distal half of 120 inflorescences, on which the flowers tend to be perfect, in three trees of Manzanillo were removed about 1 month before full bloom. There was a highly significant effect on the percent of perfect flowers that opened on the proximal half. Flower competition may be a reason for pistil abortion in flowers located on secondary branches.     

Characteristics of Dormancy of June-Bearing Strawberry(Fragaria Xananassa Duch. cv. Elsanta)

Abstract

The development of Fragaria xananassa Duch. cv. Elsanta was analyzed during summer and fall in order to define the sequence of growth alteration and dormancy with regard to inflorescence initiation. The leaf growth as well as the initiation of the inflorescence buds were followed in the fall by conditions imposed in a climate chamber, with plants then being transfered to conditions favorable for growth. Results pointed to clear changes in leaf growth characteristics over the late summer-early fall (September-October) period while the leaf emergence rate remained constant up to mid-October when it stopped. The first sign of inflorescence initiation started in early October, and the differentiation of the terminal flower reached the stamen initiation stage within 2 weeks. From early November, the terminal flower had initiated the carpel primordia and no further differentiation was detected later on. The plant growth potential, expressed by the size, at full growth, of the leaf or inflorescence axis emerging from the terminal bud, decreased progressively from early September and reached a minimum between October and November. By mid-December, the growth capacity of the plant was restored to a situation similar to that described for early September.     

砂梨(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)晚秋二次花与正常花的形态与生理特征比较研究

[目的]深入研究砂梨(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)的晚秋二次花与正常花在形态与生理上的差异,为二次花的利用与防控提供理论依据.[方法]连续两年对砂梨二次花和春季正常花的花粉数量、萌发率、花粉管和坐果特点进行测定和比较.[结果]二次花的花丝长度和花瓣大小仅为正常开花的50％;二次花的可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和氨基酸含量仅为正常花的66.0％～77.8％,与正常花相比,二次花有较高的败育率.正常开花的花粉在柱头萌发后能正常到达花柱的基部,而二次花的花粉萌发后却只能到达花柱的中部.[结论]虽然二次花具备正常的花器官和授粉的基本功能,但与正常花在形态特点和生理功能上具有一定差异.     

黄菖蒲花部特征及繁育习性研究

该研究旨在通过定点观察与人工授粉等方法,为黄菖蒲生殖生物学与杂交育种提供理论依据。对引种多年的黄菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus L.)的花器官特征、开花动态、花粉形态及活力、柱头可授性、繁育习性与访花昆虫进行了观察与研究,结果表明,黄菖蒲在南京地区为4月下—5月上开花,雌雄异熟;花粉活力与柱头可授性均为开花当天最强,随后下降;雌雄异位,开花过程中柱头向下弯曲,雄蕊始终短于柱头;花粉/胚珠比380.4,杂交指数为5。黄菖蒲的繁育习性为异交为主,部分自交亲和,需要传粉者,自然状态下存在花粉限制,不存在无融合生殖现象,黑纹食蚜蝇为潜在传粉者。