‘巨峰’葡萄主梢和副梢花器官与种子发育的研究

 ‘巨峰’葡萄主梢花粉粒大于副梢, 花粉染色率与副梢差异不显著, 发芽率低于副梢, 但花粉发芽率不影响种子的形成。主梢小花雌蕊在减数分裂后形成的功能大孢子小于副梢。同时开花前主梢胚囊的发育状况优于副梢, 开花期正常胚囊率主梢也明显低于副梢。因此, 开花前后主梢异常胚囊的出现是导致受精发生障碍并使结籽率低下的原因。     

高等农业院校“插花艺术”课实践教学影响因素研究

高等农业院校插花艺术教学兼有实践技能培养、艺术教育和素质教育等功能。基于＂鱼骨图＂分析法,从学校、教师、学生、社会四个维度探讨了高等农业院校＂插花艺术＂课实践教学的影响因素,明确了实践教学改革的方向。     

大岩桐SPY同源基因的克隆及其功能分析

以大岩桐幼叶为材料,利用RACE技术克隆到SPY基因的全长cDNA,命名为SsSPY(Genbank:ACF96937)。序列分析表明,SsSPY包含一个完整的ORF,长度为2805bp,编码934个氨基酸;含有SPY基因所共有的TPR保守结构域。通过蛋白序列比对,发现SsSPY与矮牵牛的PhSPY有82%的同源性,与拟南芥的SPY有81%的同源性,与大麦的HvSPY有74%的同源性。将SsSPY置于CaMV35S启动子控制下在烟草中异位表达,转基因烟草表现出株高、花芽数、分枝数显著增加,节间变长等新表型,表明SsSPY参与了转基因烟草株形的发育及花芽的分化。     

No Promoting Effect of Ethyl Tertiary-butyl Ether (ETBE) on Rat Urinary Bladder Carcinogenesis Initiated with N-Butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine

The effects of ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE) on two-stage urinary bladder carcinogenesis in male F344 rats initiated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) were investigated at various dose levels with regard to possible promoting activity. Groups of 30 rats were given drinking water containing 500 ppm BBN, as an initiator, for 4 weeks and starting one week thereafter received ETBE by gavage (daily, 7 days/week) at dose levels of 0 (control), 100, 300, 500 or 1000 mg/kg/day until experimental week 36. No statistically significant differences in incidences of preneoplastic lesions, papillomas, and carcinomas of the urinary bladder were evident in rats treated with 100–1000 mg/kg/day ETBE as compared with control values. Furthermore, the average numbers of preneoplastic or neoplastic lesions per unit length of basement membrane in rats given 100–1000 mg/kg/day ETBE were also comparable to control values. However, papillomatosis of the urinary bladder was found in 4 out of 30 rats (13%) in the group given 1000 mg/kg/day ETBE, and soft stones in the urinary bladder were found in 3 out of these 4 rats. The results thus demonstrated that ETBE did not exert promotional activity on urinary bladder carcinogenesis. However, papillomatosis of the urinary bladder developed in small numbers of the rats given ETBE at 1000 mg/kg/day but not in rats given 500 mg/kg/day or lower doses.     

梅州山樱花与台湾樱花花部性状的比较研究

以梅州明山自然生长的山樱花和从台湾引进并种植于明山樱花园的绯寒樱、八重樱和吉野樱为试材,对其花形、花色和花粉活力等花部性状进行了观测。结果表明,梅州山樱花的花梗较短,花瓣较小;花萼长于绯寒樱和八重樱,但明显短于吉野樱;花朵短于吉野樱而长于八重樱;山樱花与其他3种樱花的花萼、花瓣、花丝和花柱颜色有不同程度的差异。野生山樱花、绯寒樱和吉野樱的花粉活力没有明显差异;八重樱的花粉活力显著低于野生樱(p<0.01)和绯寒樱(p<0.05),而与吉野樱相比则没有显著性差异。     

海珠湿地繁殖季节鸟类的分布及惊飞距离分析

城市湿地鸟类栖息与人类活动关系密切。海珠国家湿地公园作为国家级生态湿地示范区,不仅是公众休闲游憩的载体,还是城市生物栖息的重要区域。在海珠湿地三处区域分别开展鸟类群落调查,并用噪声量化人类游览活动的强度,以惊飞距离来反映鸟类对人类活动的容忍度和适应性。结果发现鸟类群落的组成与栖息地的配置有关。不同生态型的鸟类对人为干扰适应性不同,以涉禽的惊飞距离最长。在游览强度大的区域鸟类容易被惊飞,但惊飞距离较短。建议通过制造隔离和视觉遮蔽、降低噪声和设置投喂点等措施来降低人为干扰对鸟类的影响。     

Involvement of the ERK1/2 MAPK pathway in insulin-induced S6K1 activation in avian cells

In mammals, insulin regulates S6K1, a key enzyme involved in the control of protein synthesis, via the well-documented phosphoinositide-3'kinase (PI3K) pathway. Conversely, S6K1 is activated by insulin in avian muscle despite the relative insulin insensitivity of the PI3K pathway in this tissue. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is another insulin sensitive pathway. The aim of this study was to explore the potential involvement of the ERK1/2 MAPK pathway in the control of p70 S6 kinase (S6K1) in avian species. Firstly, we characterized ERK1/2 MAPK in various chicken tissues. ERK2 was the only isoform detected in avian species whatever the tissue studied. We also showed that ERK2 is activated in vivo by insulin in chicken muscle. The regulation and the role of ERK2 in insulin signaling were next investigated in chicken hepatoma cells (LMH) and primary myoblasts. Insulin stimulation led to ERK2 and S6K1 phosphorylation, and concomitantly increased kinase activity. U0126, an inhibitor of the ERK MAPK pathway, completely abolished insulin-induced S6K1 phosphorylation and activity in chicken myoblasts, whereas its effect was only partial in LMH cells. In conclusion, these results show that ERK1/2 MAPK is involved in the control of S6K1 by insulin in chicken cells, particularly myoblasts.     

喷施赤霉素推迟和减少澳洲坚果成花的效应

以5 a生Own Choice品种为试材,研究赤霉素对澳洲坚果成花的影响。对用赤霉素处理植株与对照植株的花芽分化物候期进行了比较,并对花芽分化期间细根、枝条、叶片中的内源激素进行了测定分析。结果表明,赤霉素处理促进植株营养生长,抑制成花,花序伸长时期明显推迟,成花量显著减少,每节花序数量为1.45～1.52,而对照植株每节花序数量为2.55～2.60;澳洲坚果花芽分化期间,枝、叶中内源激素GA3、IAA水平下降,ABA水平上升,枝叶中较高的(ABA+ZT)/(GA3+IAA)比值可能有利于花芽分化;赤霉素处理使枝条、叶片中内源GA3、IAA含量增加,ABA含量减少,(ABA+ZT)/(GA3+IAA)的比值降低,但对根的激素影响较小。     

阿月浑子花芽分化的初步研究

本文对阿月浑子雌雄株的花序分化进行了观察研究,花序的分化各阶段牟形态特征基本一致,只是在分化的时间上有些差异,整个花序分化初步五个时期为制定丰产栽培技术措施,提供了科学依据。     

Rooting ability of Leucaena leucocephala stem cuttings

Single-node leafy and leafless cuttings harvested from one-year-old, 1.3 to 1.5 m tall Leucaena leucocephala seedlings were successfully rooted in a non-mist propagator which is suitable for use in the rural tropics. Cuttings with a leaf attached rooted more successfully than those without a leaf (71% and 39% respectively) and clones differed significantly (43% to 71%). There was also a clear pattern in rooting ability of cuttings collected sequentially down the main stem. Cuttings rooted most successfully when taken from node five to 13, counting from the apex; this was the region where internodes were longest (64 to 109 mm) of moderate diameter (2.9 to 5.5 mm) and all cuttings had a leaf attached. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.