不同农艺措施对机插水稻产量的影响

[目的]统计分析机插水稻产量形成的特点,研究机插密度和肥料运筹对机插水稻产量的影响,以优化机插水稻农艺配套措施。[方法]分别设置3种机插秧规格和3种氮肥作基蘖肥与穗肥配比田间试验,考察产量及其构成差异。[结果]结果表明,机插水稻增产增收明显,单产在5737.5~10315.7 kg/hm2时,产量与总颖花量及每穗实粒数呈极显著正相关,与千粒重呈显著正相关。适宜的机插规格应掌握在11.7~13.3 cm×30.0 cm,基本苗75万~105万/hm2。土壤肥力中等,单产要求在9000 kg/hm2以上时,投入总氮(纯)应为270~300 kg/hm2,N∶P2O5∶K2O为1.0∶0.3∶0.5,氮素基蘖肥与穗肥比例宜为5∶5或6∶4。[结论]机插水稻高产栽培策略适宜走建立适中群体、抬升后期肥料运筹比重、提高成穗率、主攻大穗、增加千粒重之路,穗数型增产与穗重型增产相结合。     

修剪施肥相结合对低产低效茶园茶叶品质的影响

[目的]研究修剪和施肥交互作用对低质低效茶园茶叶品质的影响,探讨修剪方式和施肥方式对低产低效茶园质量的提升作用。[方法]4种修剪方法分别为轻修剪、深修剪、重修剪和台刈,2种肥料分别为氨基酸肥和塔式生物肥,分析水浸出物、氨基酸、茶多酚、咖啡碱含量。[结果]轻修剪结合施用有机肥可提高茶叶水浸出物和茶多酚含量;重修剪结合施用有机肥可提高茶叶氨基酸含量,降低茶叶咖啡碱含量。[结论]该研究可为低产低效茶园茶叶的高产优质栽培提供参考。     

冬小麦水分利用效率与最优灌溉制度的研究

针对不同水分处理对冬小麦产量和耗水特性的影响，在大田生产条件下对冬小麦进行了非充分灌溉试验，以冬小麦大田试验数据为基础，采用最小二乘法拟合了冬小麦水分生产函数；通过耗水资料的分析整理，揭示了冬小麦的水分效应及耗水规律；依据动态规划原理，建立了冬小麦最优灌溉制度动态模型，提出了两种水文年型(50%和75%)的冬小麦节水灌溉模式，对北方冬麦区田间管理具有一定的指导意义。     

施肥水平和种植密度对甜玉米叶片叶绿素含量·果穗性状·产量的影响

[目的]探索适宜当地甜玉米高产栽培的优化组合。[方法]以真甜美6号为材料,施肥水平为主处理(处理A、B、C),种植密度为副处理(处理a、b、c),研究施肥水平、种植密度对甜玉米叶片叶绿素、果穗性状和产量的影响。其中,处理A为硝酸磷375kg/hm2,二铵300kg/hm2,油升1200kg/hm2;处理B为NPK三元复合肥750~825kg/hm2;处理C为二铵300kg/hm2,尿素300kg/hm2,草木灰1500kg/hm2;处理a、b、c分别为49500、52500、57500株/hm2。[结果]甜玉米叶片总叶绿素含量以处理Ab最高,其余依次为:处理Ca>处理Cb>处理Aa>处理Bb>处理Bc>处理Ac>处理Ba>处理Cc;叶绿素a/b比值大小顺序依次为:处理Ab>处理Cb>处理Ca>处理Bb>处理Cc>处理Ba>处理Bc>处理Ac>处理Aa。果穗性状以组合处理Ab最好,其次为处理Cb。甜玉米产量从高到低依次为:处理Cb>处理Ab>处理Cc>处理Bb>处理Ca>处理Aa>处理Ac>处理Bc>处理Ba。[结论]施肥水平对甜玉米产量的影响较种植密度大,适宜当地甜玉米高产栽培的优化组合为:施二铵300kg/hm2,尿素300kg/hm2,草木灰1500kg/hm2,种植密度52500株/hm2。     

自动化加热排湿烤烟房烘烤工艺初探

自动化加热排湿烤烟房是近年来中国烟草发展的一个主题,为了探明该烤烟房配套的烘烤工艺,依据现有烘烤理论和自动化加热排湿烤烟房的研究结果,设置自动供热排湿热风循环烤房的烘烤工艺,以传统的三阶段烘烤工艺为对照进行了烘烤比较。结果表明:设置的烘烤工艺阶段简单,操作方便,烟叶烘烤后,比三阶段烘烤工艺烘烤的烟叶桔黄烟比例、上等烟比例、上中等烟比例分别增3.38、4.74、2.03个百分点,鲜干比增高0.03,均价提高0.53元/kg;总糖、淀粉、总氮、烟碱、烟碱氮、蛋白质的含量及总糖与还原糖的差值有所降低,烟叶化学成分更为协调。     

葡萄开沟施肥机的设计与试验

新疆葡萄种植采用矮、密的种植模式,一些地区葡萄使用搭棚种植的方法,这就要求施肥机和牵引驱动拖拉机必须适应在狭小的空间下作业的条件.针对这一农艺要求,研制了一种集开沟与施肥一体的葡萄施肥机具,该机具由功率为40.4 kW的拖拉机牵引.通过田间生产性试验证明,开沟施肥深度和施肥量可以调整,在最大开沟深度为40 cm时,作业速度可以达到30 m/min,作业时肥箱撒肥口和施肥铲未发生堵塞现象,开沟施肥后,覆土挡板将沟两侧的土壤推挤成均匀的土垄,作业性能稳定,可提高劳动效率,满足葡萄种植生产需要.     

Evaluation of Mixed-Feeding Schedules with Varying Dietary Protein Content on the Growth Performance and Reduction of Cost of Production for Sutchi Catfish,Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage) with Silver Carp,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes)

Abstract

An on-station pond trial was conducted for 6 months to investigate the suitability of mixed-feeding schedules with varying protein levels on the growth of sutchi catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmuswith silver carp, Hypophthalmicthys molitrixwith a view to minimizing the cost of production. Five different feeding regimes employed were: high protein diet (30% protein, H), low protein (15% protein, L), one day low protein diet followed by one day high protein diet (1L/1H), 7 day low protein diet followed by 7 day high protein diet (7L/7H), and 14 day low protein diet followed by 14 day high protein diet (14L/14H). Ten experimental ponds each of 0.008 ha size were divided into 5 treatment groups each with two replicates. Fishes were stocked at the ratio of 80:20 (sutchi catfish:silver carp) at the total rate of 25,000/ha. Feeding rate was calculated only on the basis of sutchi catfish weight only and fish were fed at the rate of 15,10, 8, and 5% of their body weight for 1st, 2nd, 3rd months, and the rest of the experimental period, respectively. The ranges of water quality parameters during the study period were: temperature 22°C to 32.8°C, dissolved oxygen 4.30 to 7.44 mg/L, pH 6.85 to 7.50, and transparency 21.9 to 32.2 cm. The result of the study showed that significantly (P < 0.05) higher fish weight gain was achieved in feeding schedules of H and 1L/1H and lowest with 14L/14H. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) values ranged between 2.06 and 2.51 with H and 1L/1H showing significantly the best FCR. The FCR values were very low when weight of silver carp was considered which ranged between 1.58 and 1.68. The survival (%) of sutchi catfish were lower (78.1 to 82.5%) compared to that of silver carp (90–95%). The total production of sutchi catfish ranged between 3594 and 7095 kg/ha and silver carp ranged between 1777 and 2220 kg/ha. A simple economic analysis showed that fish in 1L/1H fed alternately with low and high protein diets resulted in the highest net profit. The result of the study suggest that for profitable sutchi catfish farming in Bangladesh, farmers can adopt a mixed-feeding schedule of alternated low and high protein diet instead of continuously feeding a high protein diet.     

基于超平面实码遗传算法的灌溉制度优化设计

针对传统实码遗传算法(RGA)在求解等式约束的优化问题时,存在精度低、易早熟的缺点,该文提出了超平面实码遗传算法(HRGA),在超平面内进行各种遗传操作的运算,并将改进后的遗传算法应用于作物最优灌溉制度问题之中。计算结果表明：应用超平面遗传算法解决等式约束的优化问题,不但方法简单、计算速度快,而且寻优精度明显高于传统实码遗传算法,大大提高了算法的性能,有较高的推广应用价值。     

氯化钾施用量在烤烟生产上研究

2010年余庆县开展了氯化钾肥料施用量的田间试验工作,结果表明:氯化钾施用量为45.0~60.0 kg/hm2范围内,能显著提高烟叶产量和经济效益,烟叶外观质量、内在质量明显改善,化学成分较为协调,评吸质量较优。     

宁夏干旱风沙草原区紫花苜蓿地下滴灌水肥耦合试验研究

针对宁夏干旱风沙草原区紫花苜蓿地下滴灌灌溉制度、水肥协同效应不明确的问题。通过田间试验,对不同水肥组合下地下滴灌紫花苜蓿株高、土壤水分、产量及水分生产效率等指标进行综合分析,结果表明,处理D11条件下地下滴灌紫花苜蓿生长状况较好。研究提出了宁夏干旱风沙草原区苜蓿地下滴灌水肥耦合灌溉制度为:灌溉定额为3150m3/hm^2,灌水次数为12次,施肥量N为90kg/hm^2、P2O5为126kg/hm^2、K2O为108kg/hm^2。