菜用金荞麦高产栽培技术优化

为明确金荞麦在毕节地区适宜的播期及繁殖方式,建立金荞麦的优化栽培模式,以栽培密度、氮肥、钾肥、磷肥施用量为对象,运用四因子五水平二次回归正交旋转组合设计方法,研究不同播期和繁殖方式对金荞麦鲜茎叶产量的影响。结果表明:金荞麦适宜播期为1月下旬至2月上旬,以芽苞繁殖的产量最高;通过模拟寻优,建立了金荞麦茎叶鲜产量与栽培密度、氮肥、钾肥、磷肥施用量间关系的数学模型,提出金荞麦茎叶鲜产量≥36 000kg/hm2的综合农艺栽培措施为:栽培密度12.29万~12.95万株/hm2,氮肥施用量81.63~98.37kg/hm2,钾肥施用量73.6~86.4kg/hm2,磷肥施用量109.14~130.86kg/hm2。     

苦荞转录因子基因FtMYB1的克隆及序列分析

采用RACE-PCR技术,从苦荞花蕾克隆得到一个MYB基因(FtMYBl).结果表明,FtMYBl基因DNA序列全长863 bp(GenBank,JF313344),含两个内含子,内含子1长度为78 bp(134～211 bp),内含子2长度为74 bp(342～415 bp);cDNA序列全长711bp(GenBan...     

金荞麦的离体快繁及同源四倍体的诱导

该试验结果表明：金荞麦的快繁技术最适宜的培养为MS附加2mg/LBA,0．2mg／LIBA;同时,结合组织培养技术进行的多倍体诱导试验结果表明：在组织培养条件下,将其带绿色芽点的愈伤组织和无菌苗浸泡在不同浓度的秋水仙素溶液中或接种于添加一定浓度秋水仙素的培养基上处理一定时间后再进行培养,均可诱导金荞多倍体的产生,但以浸泡愈伤组织的效果较好,最高的诱导率可达43．3％。通过试管苗茎尖染色体显微观察,鉴定出同源四倍体,为今后优良的选育打下基础。     

荞麦蛋白质组分中氨基酸和矿物质研究

在对 4个荞麦品种籽粒的蛋白质组分、各蛋白质组分中氨基酸组成及矿物质含量进行分析的基础上 ,探讨了蛋白质组分与氨基酸含量及蛋白质组分与矿物质含量间的分配关系 ,探讨了氨基酸和矿物质在荞麦籽粒蛋白质组分中的分布及比例 ,以及荞麦籽粒的营养价值。1　材料与方法1 .1　材料甜荞日本春播荞麦和榆荞 1号 ,苦荞日本夏播荞麦和榆荞 6-2 1为 1 997年收获的样品 ,分别由陕西省吴旗县和陕西省榆林农校提供。样品除杂后 ,于 38℃条件下风干 4 8h。样品用实验磨粉机粉碎 ,过 Φ0 .3mm圆孔筛 ,取筛下物作为分析样本。1.2方法采用蛋白质组分的连…     

荞麦分子遗传学研究进展

近年来生物技术使荞麦的分子遗传学研究取得了长足的进步,为进一步对荞麦分子遗传学进行研究,从种间亲缘关系、种质资源遗传多性性、遗传图谱构建、农艺性状及相关基因定位、基因克隆及功能研究、基因组测序等6个方面对荞麦分子遗传学研究进展进行了综述,提出了荞麦分子遗传研究中存在的问题,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

赤峰市荞麦引种研究初探

为探明不同荞麦品种在内蒙古赤峰地区的栽培表现,扩大选择更适合谊区荞麦的栽培品种.通过研究16个引进荞麦品种及2个当地品种在赤峰地区的栽培的农艺性状及产量等,结果表明赤峰1号和北早生可以作为甜荞优良品种引进,西荞1号、苦荞04-46和黔苦3号可作为苦荞推广品种在赤峰地区种植.     

苦荞主要农艺性状与单株籽粒产量的相关和通径分析

[目的]为苦荞新品种的选育提供理论依据。[方法]将来自5个国家的55份苦荞品种(系)资源引种至四川栽培,经比较鉴定后对苦荞的单株籽粒产量与主要农艺性状进行相关和通径分析。[结果]9个相关性状对单株籽粒产量影响的顺序:有效花序数>千粒重>生育期>总分枝数>主茎节数>一级分枝数>茎粗>株高。多元回归分析表明,主茎节数、一级分枝数、总分枝数、有效花序数、千粒重是影响单株粒重的主要因素。通径分析表明,有效花序数、千粒重对单株籽粒产量的直接效应较大,二者是荞麦品种选育的主要目标性状和高产栽培的主攻方向。[结论]综合考虑,苦荞高产株型应是:株高、主茎节数、一级分枝数、总分枝数适中,有效花序数多,千粒重较高,开花期短者。     

荞麦轮纹病病原菌生物学特性研究

对荞麦轮纹病病原菌草茎点霉(Phoma herbarum)进行了生物学特性研究,以期为今后荞麦轮纹病的综合防治提供理论依据。生物学特性研究结果表明,草茎点霉菌丝生长的最适温度为25℃,最适pH值为6。不同碳源和氮源对草茎点霉菌丝生长有显著影响;最适菌丝生长的碳源为葡萄糖,最适菌丝生长的氮源为蛋白胨、胱氨酸、牛肉浸膏和苯丙氨酸。草茎点霉菌丝在12h光暗交替条件下生长快,草茎点霉菌丝的致死温度为53℃,10min。     

Phylogenetic relationships among natural populations of perennial buckwheat, Fagopyrum cymosum Meisn., revealed by allozyme variation

Twenty natural populations of F. cymosum, an insect-pollinated allogamous wild species of Fagopyrum, were investigated for their chromosome number and allozyme variation at 10 Ioci encoding 8 enzymes. Diploid populations were obtained in Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet in China, whereas tetraploid populations were obtained in Tibet, the Himalayan hills, Thailand and southern China. Both diploid and tetraploid populations maintained a large amount of allozyme variation. The average heterozygosity, H_e, ranged from 0.045 to 0.389 (0.213 on average). Tetraploid populations showed higher H_e values than diploid populations. Natural populations of F. cymosum were locally well differentiated (G_ST = 0.322), probably due to reproductive isolation between the two ploidy levels and to distribution over wide areas from southern China to the Himalayan hills. The phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor-joining method based on allozyme variation clarified two distinct groups of diploid populations, the Sichuan and Yunnan groups. As for the tetraploid populations, polyploidization occurred twice independently, once in Yunnan and once in eastern Tibet. Tetraploid F. cymosum diffused to warmer areas such as southern Yunnan and Thailand as well as to cooler areas of Tibet and the high Himalayan hills and became the most widely distributed of the Fagopyrum species.     

Reproductive Deterioration in Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) under Summer Conditions

To resolve the problem of low and unstable yield in buckwheat under unsuitable environmental conditions, five varieties were grown and compared in summer and autumn. Vegetative and reproductive growth characteristics were investigated, and embryo development was observed with Nomarski's differential interference contrast (DIG) microscopy. In summer, under high temperatures and longer day-length, autumn-type varieties showed faster vegetative growth and later reproductive development as compared to summer-types. In the autumn, with generally good climatic condition for buckwheat growth in southern part of Japan, the embryo sacs and zygotes of both types developed normally. At 3 days after pollination (DAP), the embryos reached the globular stage. In summer, however, mostly abnormal embryo sacs were observed 3 DAP, leading to incomplete development, failure of fertilization or abortion of embryo. The abnormal embryo sacs were classified into 6 types. Abnormality of either type occurred in 91—100 % of the tetraploids, which is higher than in the diploids (50—77 %). The present study, conducted to clarify the factors causing low seed set in buckwheat under summer conditions, provides detailed information for further breeding of environment-tolerant buckwheat. Di-ploid genotypes which are less sensitive to unfavourable conditions and, thus, show more efficient fertilization in summer, should be considered for use as breeding material in buckwheat.