高效液相色谱法测定金荞麦超微粉原花青素B2含量

试验为测定金荞麦超微粉中有效成分原花青素B₂的含量,将四川金荞麦饮片粉碎至0.75 nm以下的超微粉,50%乙醇提取,并利用高效液相色谱测定原花青素B₂的含量。结果显示,在0.0352~1.4080 μg/mL范围内原花青素B₂与峰面积线性关系良好,回归方程为Y=59797X+592.3,r=0.996,金荞麦超微粉中原花青素B₂含量在1.305~1.541 mg/g之间。本试验结果表明该方法能快速、稳定、精确的检测原花青素B₂含量,为金荞麦制剂质量控制提供了科学依据。     

5份金荞麦核糖体基因内转录间隔区(ITS)序列分析

以5份金荞麦为材料,对其核糖体基因内转录间隔区(ITS)序列进行PCR扩增,均获得长约700 bp左右的特异性产物.测序结果表明,金荞麦样品中ITS序列在638～797 bp之间.经软件Clustal X2.0和MEGA 4.0分析结果表明,当空位作为缺失处理时,ITS区全序列包括488个保守位点,248个变异位点,6...     

Performance of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.) in response to row spacing under ridge and furrow cropping systems in a semiarid region of China

Ridge and furrow systems as well as the wide-narrow row spacing are recognized as good management practices in crop production. To obtain some available information concerning the suitable agricultural practices for buckwheat cultivation in arid and semi-arid area, a two-year field study was conducted to investigate the performance of common buckwheat grown under six cropping patterns: conventional flat single/double row planting (NS/ND); furrow single/double row planting (FS/FD); ridge single/double row planting (RS/RD); single row planting with equal row spacing and double row planting with wide-narrow row spacing practice. Plants grown under the FD system exhibited higher water use efficiency (WUE) and rainfall use efficiency (RUE) than plants cultivated with the NS system, increases with 13.7% and 21.9%, respectively, in 2014, while 9.8% and 14.0%, respectively, in 2015. Plants of the FD system also displayed the greatest leaf area index and canopy openness at growth stage of 40, 60, and 80 days after sowing, maximum biomass production (13.96 t ha^?1) and grain yield (3486.2 kg ha^?1) in 2014, and the least pronounced soil nitrate consumption as compared to plants from other tillage systems. We conclude that FD is the optimum planting pattern for common buckwheat cultivation in semi-arid and arid environments.     

金荞麦和玉米混合青贮对其营养成分和发酵品质的影响

将初花期金荞麦(Fagopyrum dibotrys(D.Don)Hara.)与青贮玉米(Zea mays L.)按比例混合青贮,通过感官评价、营养成分分析和有机酸含量比较,探究两者的最佳青贮混合比例。试验设金荞麦与青贮玉米混合的比例共6组,分别为100:0(CK),10:90(A),30:70(B),50:50(C),70:30(D)和90:10(E),青贮40天后开封检测。结果表明:随着金荞麦比例的增加,青贮饲料感官品质下降,pH显著升高(P0.05),粗蛋白、粗灰分、钙、磷的含量均显著提高(P0.05),粗脂肪、干物质含量显著下降(P0.05)。通过对青贮饲料有机酸含量进行评价,其变化情况与感官评价及pH变化一致,即金荞麦比例越高,评价得分越低。综合考虑,青贮饲料中金荞麦比例不宜过高,从金荞麦利用最大化角度出发,以B组比例青贮为佳。     

精准扶贫推动下西盟米荞产业发展现状调查

通过对西盟米荞产业发展现状的调研,分析了米荞产地的自然概况、重点乡镇近几年的种植情况、种植效益,结合对西盟县新农村建设及精准扶贫的实践与观察,对米荞产业发展前景及存在问题进行分析,并结合自身的认识和理解,提出一些看法和建议,强调强化组织领导和科技推广力度,建设标准化示范基地,重视产地保护工作,注重品牌建设,以及打通产销渠道。     

Effect of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on Growth Performance,Immune Function and Intestinal Structure of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara on growth performance,immune function and intestinal structure of broilers. A total of 270 one-day-old healthy Tiejiaoma broilers were chosen and randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 broilers per replicate.Control group was fed with the basal diet,group Ⅱ was fed with basal diet adding 8% flavomycin 60 mg/kg +15% aureomycin 270 mg/kg and group Ⅲ was fed with basal diet adding 1% Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara. The trial period lasted for 21 days. The results showed as follow:① At 21 days of age,the average daily feed intake of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the average daily gain and F/G among the three groups (P>0.05).②At 21 days of age,the thymus and bursa of Fabricius indexes of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05);But the spleen index were not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).③ At 21 days of age,the content of IgA and IgM in serum of groups Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IgG in serum of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05).④At 21 days of age,the content of IL-2,TNF-α and sIgA in intestinal mucosa of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and the content of IL-6 in intestinal mucosa of group Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.05).⑤At 21 days of age,the villus height of jejunum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),the villus height/crypt depth of jejunum in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05). However,the crypt depth was not significantly different among the three groups (P>0.05).In conclusion,that Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara could not affect the growth performance of broilers,but it could improve the development of immune organs,increase the secretion of serum immunoglobulin, promote the immune function of intestinal mucosa and intestinal morphology of jejunum.     

金荞麦对脂多糖诱导小鼠小肠炎症的保护作用

为探究金荞麦对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的小鼠小肠炎症的保护作用,试验使用雌性ICR小鼠,前期14 d饮水添加不同浓度金荞麦和阳性对照品——芦丁（Rutin）,随后腹腔注射LPS（10 mg/kg）构建小肠急性炎症模型,通过观察小鼠行为变化、血常规检测、组织切片和炎症相关基因定量检测等评估效果。结果发现,腹腔注射10 mg/kg的LPS可成功诱导小鼠急性肠炎;添加金荞麦能够剂量依赖性地降低LPS诱导的肠炎小鼠体重损失。血常规检测显示,腹腔注射LPS后导致小鼠血液白细胞数（WBC）、红细胞数（RBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）、血小板数目（PLT）显著下降,添加金荞麦或芦丁能一定程度缓解由于LPS引起的血常规异常。小肠切片HE染色结果显示,腹腔注射LPS后小肠固有层中间出现大量灶性的炎性细胞浸润,腺上皮可见少量的炎性细胞浸润,肠道细胞排列紊乱,可见核分裂及核碎裂,同时黏膜充血、出血严重;添加金荞麦或芦丁能一定程度抑制炎性细胞浸润和黏膜出血。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,腹腔注射LPS能显著促进小肠促炎性因子IL-6、TNF-α和IL-1β的表达,添加金荞麦能剂量依赖性下调TNF-α和IL-1β的表达水平。以上结果表明饮水添加金荞麦和芦丁可以有效缓解LPS诱导的小鼠小肠炎症,金荞麦浓度为12%的添加剂量在部分指标上可达到或接近灌胃100 mg/kg芦丁的效果。     

渝东地区药用保护植物金荞麦群落数量分类和排序研究

在群落调查的基础上,采用双向指示种分析法（TWINSPAN）和除趋势对应分析（DCA）对重庆东部地区药用保护植物金荞麦群落进行数量分类和排序.TWINSPAN等级分类将金荞麦群落的116个样方分为14组,根据植被分类原则划分为14个群系,并论述了各群系的特征.分类结果反映了植物群落类型与环境梯度之间的关系,并在DCA二维排序图上得到了较好的验证.物种的DCA排序结果反映了光照、海拔等环境因子的梯度变化,表明光照和海拔是决定群落组成和空间分布的主要限制性影响因子.     

Buckwheat Seed Milling Fractions: Description, Macronutrient Composition and Dietary Fibre

The structure of the mature buckwheat achene and groat is discussed in relation to milling fractions and nutritional composition. Whole groats contain 55% starch, 12% protein, 4% lipid, 2% soluble carbohydrates, 7% total dietary fiber (TDF), 2% ash, and 18% other components (organic acids, phenolic compounds, tannins, phosphorylated sugars, nucleotides and nucleic acids, unknown compounds). The composition of the milling fractions reflects the relative abundance of seed tissues. Starch is concentrated in the central endosperm. Protein, oil, soluble carbohydrates and minerals are concentrated in the embryo. Commercial «Fancy» flour, a light-coloured flour, is mostly central endosperm and contains 75% starch, 6% protein, 1% lipid, 1% soluble carbohydrates, 3% TDF, 1% ash, and 13% other components. Although the embryo traverses the central endosperm, during milling parts of the embryo separate with the aleurone and seed coat in the bran fraction. Bran, with little central endosperm, contains 18% starch, 36% protein, 11% lipid, 6% soluble carbohydrates, 15% TDF, 7% ash, and 7% other components. Buckwheat bran also is a rich source of TDF and soluble dietary fibre (SDF), particularly bran with hull fragments (40% TDF of which 25% is SDF), while bran without hull fragments has 16% TDF of which 75% is SDF.     

38–48 kDa subunits of buckwheat 13S globulins are controlled by a single locus

The inheritance of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) seed storage proteins was investigated by control crosses between accessions containing different SDS‐PAGE protein patterns in the range of 38–48 kDa. Analysis of segregation of individual F₁ and F₂ seeds obtained by 17 crosses showed segregation of eight electrophoretic bands, from which 12‐banding variants were inferred. Two variants contained one band, nine contained two bands and one variant contained three bands and behaved as a single co‐dominant unit. The segregation of banding variants fits the expected ratios and thus supports the hypothesis of single Mendelian gene inheritance and that alleles are co‐dominant. The results therefore suggest that the genes controlling globulin subunits are tightly linked and inherited as a single locus. The locus was designated Glob‐1 and the twelve segregated protein variants as alleles a‐l. This is the first buckwheat globulin locus identified with multiple alleles, phenotypically expressed as groups of protein bands and thus applicable as a functional marker in buckwheat genomic studies.