种植密度与底磷肥用量对绿豆产量的影响

通过２因子４水平复因子试验与统计分析，研究了绿豆种植密度和底磷肥施用量对绿豆产量的影响。结果表明，绿豆种植密度和底磷肥施用量，是决定绿豆产量的主要因素。明确了绿豆的最佳种植密度和底磷肥施用量。     

大粒蚕豆新品种"大朋一寸"推广应用的配套技术研究

“大朋一寸”是白花、绿皮、大粒型蚕豆新品种，具有适应性广、丰产稳产、品质优良等优点，纯效益为3万多元／hm2。对、“大朋一寸”推广应用中涉及的良种繁、种子包衣、药剂拌种、品质栽培、秸秆利用等配套技术进行试验研究，为提高“犬朋一寸”生产的标准化水平、促进“大朋一寸”产业化开发提供依据。     

极早熟豇豆新品种天畅五号的选育

天畅5号是农家品种杨家豇豆与之豇28—2杂交，并通过系统选育而成的极早熟豇豆新品种。该品种表现早熟，叶片小。以主蔓结荚为主，有侧蔓1-2个，始花节位2-3节。成荚率高。每花穗结荚2~4条，前期产量较高。嫩荚白绿色，荚条长而直，荚长65cm，单荚质量22g。荚条肉质脆嫩，品质优，商品性极佳。春播从播种到商品荚采摘期为52天。露地种植的产量1800-2500kg/667m2，适于长江流域栽培。     

缺磷胁迫对长豇豆幼苗脱落酸含量的影响

研究耐缺磷程度不同的长豇豆品种在缺磷胁迫下脱落酸(ABA)含量的变化。结果表明缺磷胁迫下长豇豆幼苗根系ABA含量都增高,缺磷前期下降后升至1个高峰后再降低,高峰出现的迟早与品种耐缺磷性有密切关系,不耐缺磷的二芦白比耐缺磷的芦花白出现早,平均升幅香港青二芦白芦花白。缺磷胁迫下长豇豆幼苗老茎叶和最嫩完全展开叶ABA含量升高,平均升幅香港青二芦白芦花白,但缺磷后期ABA含量二芦白香港青芦花白;缺磷胁迫下幼苗嫩茎叶ABA含量各品种都升高,升幅芦花白二芦白香港青。缺磷胁迫下长豇豆幼苗茎叶ABA含量的增加可能促进磷和水分的运输、减轻膜质过氧化,是对缺磷胁迫的适应机制之一。     

Intercropping field crops between rows of Leucaena leucocephala under rainfed conditions in northern India

A field study was conducted for six years (1981–1986) on sandy loam soil on intercropping hedgerows of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit. with three field crops viz. maize (Zea mays L), black gram (Vigna mungo L) and cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L Taub.). In treatments 1 and 2 Leucaena hedges were planted as pure crops at close (25 cm × 75 cm) and wide (25 cm × 375 cm) spacings. In treatments 3, 4 and 5 the three field crops were intercropped between the hedgerows of Leucaena at the wide spacing, and in treatments 6, 7 and 8 the field crops were raised as pure crops. Leucaena was topped to 75 cm each time it attained a height of 175 cm. The pure crop of Leucaena at close spacing produced an average, over the six years, of 34 t ha⁻¹a⁻¹ of green fodder and 9.4 t ha⁻¹a⁻¹ of air dry fuelwood. The Leucaena at wide spacing produced 18.9 t ha⁻¹a⁻¹ of green fodder and 6.3 t ha⁻¹a⁻¹ of fuelwood. Intercropping with field crops decreased the yield of green fodder and fuelwood. The yield of all the field crops was less when raised as intercrops than as pure crops. Mean maximum net returns were obtained from intercrops of Leucaena and cluster bean (Rs 3540 ha⁻¹a⁻¹) which were significantly higher than the returns from pure crop of Leucaena at wide spacing but similar to the returns from pure crops of cluster bean. Leucaena with maize (Rs 3273 ha⁻¹a⁻¹) and black gram (Rs 3125 ha⁻¹a⁻¹) gave significantly higher net returns over pure crops of Leucaena at wide spacing, maize and black gram. ICRISAT = International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics- Hyderabad, India. CIAT = Centro International de Agricultura Tropical - Cali - Columbia     

Shade improves coffee quality in a sub-optimal coffee-zone of Costa Rica

Quality is an important attribute of coffee. Therefore it is important to understand the effect of overstory trees not only on the environment and long-term coffee production, but also on the quality of coffee grown underneath the trees. This study compared coffee quality of Coffea arabica L. vars. Caturra and Catimor 5175 under different levels of shade in a low-elevation, sub-optimal environment for coffee in Costa Rica. Fruit weight and bean size increased significantly when shade intensity was increased from 0% to more than 80% under unpruned Erythrina poeppigiana. While large beans (diameter > 6.7 mm) accounted for 49 and 43% of the coffee from unshaded Caturra and Catimor, respectively, these proportions increased to 69 and 72% under dense permanent shade. This suggested a stronger shade benefit for Catimor than for Caturra. The conversion percentages from fresh-weight coffee fruits to dry-weight green coffee for export were not affected by the treatments. A blind tasting experiment showed consistent shade-induced improvements in appearance of green and roasted coffee as well as in acidity and body of the brew for both varieties. The effect of shade on aroma of the brew was neutral for Caturra and slightly negative for Catimor. It is hypothesized that, in the sub-optimal (low-altitude) coffee-zone studied, shade promotes slower and more balanced filling and uniform ripening of berries, thus yielding a better-quality product than unshaded coffee plants. Shade experiments along environmental gradients should help to validate this conjecture and its relative importance in different coffee-zones.     

辅助充种带气吸式蚕豆精量排种器设计与试验

针对蚕豆种子粒径大、三轴尺寸差异大,充种困难的问题,设计了一种带有平带辅助充种装置的气吸式蚕豆精量排种器。通过对充种过程中的动力学分析阐述了平带辅助充种装置及种子的运动机理;利用计算流体力学和离散元法双向耦合模拟的方法(Computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method, CFD-DEM),开展了单因素试验,确定了影响排种器充种性能的主要零部件参数并明晰了平带辅助充种机理;搭建试验台架,选取作业速度、平带输入轴转速和负压为试验因素,合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数为试验指标,进行了二次回归正交组合试验。试验结果表明,影响排种器合格指数的因素主次顺序为：作业速度、负压、平带输入轴转速。对试验结果进行多目标优化,得到最优参数组合为作业速度5.69 km/h、平带输入轴转速395 r/min、负压3 845 Pa,对此结果进行排种器性能试验验证,此时合格指数为91.6%、重播指数为3.8%、漏播指数为4.6%,满足蚕豆播种要求。     

小豆的经济价值及绿色节本增效栽培技术

本文简述了小豆的经济价值,并从选地整地、播种、田间管理、病虫草害绿色防控、适时收获等方面阐述了小豆绿色节本增效栽培技术,以期为小豆生产提供技术参考。     

高通量测序分析蚕豆种子内生细菌的多样性

为了分析蚕豆种子内生细菌的多样性,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,从日本大白皮（S18P23.1、 S18P23.2）和启豆2号（S18P24.1、S18P24.2）的种子获得16S RNA V3～V4区有效序列133 855条。将高于97％相似度的序列划分为一个操作分类单元（operational taxonomic unit, OTU）,优化后得到1 598个OTUs。内生细菌种群分析结果表明,拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes,丰度为30%～33%）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria, 23%～25%）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes, 23%～25%）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria, 5%～7%）为两个蚕豆品种共有的优势菌门,但属水平的优势菌群在供试蚕豆种子中均有差异。这些结果表明,蚕豆种子具有丰富的内生细菌资源,含有多种具有益功能性状的细菌类群,值得进一步跟踪研究这些益生菌在蚕豆种植到土壤后的变化规律;启豆2号种子中益生菌的种类和丰度高于日本大白皮,值得进一步分离和研究这些益生菌的益生或促生特性,筛选获得在食品和生物肥料等领域有应用潜力的菌株。     

丽水市鲜食蚕豆品比试验

从江苏沿江地区农科所引进4个品种分别在当地主产区和试验基地进行种植。结果表明：大棚种植能明显提早上市时间;通蚕6号适应性较好,蚕豆在露地及大棚中种植均表现优异,值得在当地大面积推广。03010单株性状表现较好,还需进一步试验。