栽培食（药）用菌胞外酶活性及物质变化研究进展

对食（药）用菌生长周期中木质素酶系（漆酶和锰过氧化物酶）、纤维素酶系（纤维素酶、滤纸酶和半纤维素酶）和蛋白酶活性变化规律进行了研究,了解了食（药）用菌生长周期中基质中物质（还原糖、水溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸和生物量）含量的变化规律,阐述了食（药）用菌生长周期内生物量与胞外酶活性和基质中物质含量变化规律的相关性,对食（药）用菌未来几年的研究前景作了展望,以期为深入研究食（药）用菌胞外酶活性变化规律和基质中物质变化规律研究提供参考。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定成分复杂水处理剂中的铅

采用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法,测定成分复杂水处理剂聚合氯化铝铁中铅的含量,通过添加基体改进剂磷酸二氢铵,降低干扰,直接测定样品中的痕量铅,用于实际样品的测定,所得结果与标准方法测定结果一致,且加标回收率基本在80%-120%,结果令人满意。     

无患子扦插育苗试验

采用不同季节、不同生根剂种类及浓度、不同基质进行无患子扦插育苗试验,结果表明:以春季无患子树液未萌动前采集1年生硬枝为插穗,用黄心土∶粗河沙∶草木灰(按1∶1∶1混合)为扦插基质,用ABT1号生根粉200 mg.kg-1浸泡插穗2h,扦插的成活率、抽梢率、抽梢长度最高,分别达90.8%、99.7%、15.2 cm。     

澜沧江下游天然黄竹种群数量动态研究

运用静态生命表、生殖力表和Leslie矩阵模型,研究澜沧江下游黄竹的种群数量动态。结果表明,种群存活曲线表现为Deevey—Ⅰ型。种群表现出幼龄个体数量较多,但死亡率较高;中龄级个体数量虽少,但存活质量较高,说明幼龄阶段曾受到较大的人为、动物的干扰。种群的净增长率（R0〉1）、内禀增长率（rm〉0）和周限增长率（λ〉1）的数值表明,黄竹种群上升,能完成自我更新,表现为发展种群。Leslie矩阵模型分析表明,在未来25年中种群各龄级的个体数及种群总数均表现出持续增长的趋势。由于环境有限,生物本身也是有限的,加之外界人为采挖和动物的取食,种群将会在达到最大环境容纳量后趋于平稳状态。     

高钛型高炉渣作无土栽培基质的试验研究

通过对高钛型高炉水淬渣的理化指标分析,不含有毒有害元素,通过配加一定比例的有机基质,配制混合基质,是可以用于育苗,并可以用于家庭种植。本试验通过对高钛型高炉水淬渣与草炭的不同配比进行小白菜育苗,通过分析幼苗的长势最终确定,用于育苗的复合基质中,高钛型高炉水淬渣的配入比例不大于50%,均是很好的无机基质。     

基于迁移学习的竹片缺陷识别

使用竹片图像实现竹片缺陷自动识别，目前深度学习可以有效地解决该类问题，但是必须使用大量样本数据做训练才能获得较高的识别准确率。当图像数量有限时，利用基于迁移学习的方法，把经过预训练的卷积神经网络模型进行迁移，即共享卷积层和池化层的权重参数，调整新网络模型的超参数，并建立一个包含4种共计6 360张竹片缺陷图像的数据库，把图片分成4种训练集测试集形式，即80%训练、20%测试；60%训练、40%测试；40%训练、60%测试；20%训练、80%测试，分别利用支持向量机SVM分类方法、深度学习方法和迁移学习方法进行训练和测试，并将这3种方法作对比。最后，通过构建竹片缺陷识别的混淆矩阵对迁移学习进行具体分析与说明。结果表明，按照80%训练、20%测试的识别准确率最高，通过迁移学习得到的竹片缺陷最高识别精度分别达到98.97%，比普通深度学习提高了11.55% ，比SVM分类方法提高了13.04%。说明迁移学习比普通深度学习和传统支持向量机SVM分类方法更适合用于小样本数据集的分类识别，并且效果优于普通深度学习和 SVM 分类方法。     

加法幂等半环上复合矩阵的若干性质

探讨了加法幂等交换半环上的复合矩阵,获得了复合矩阵的若干性质;并给出了复合矩阵的一个不等式,同时讨论了该不等式成立的条件.     

Genetic evaluation for latent variables derived from factor analysis in broilers

ABSTRACT

1. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between several carcass, performance and meat quality traits in broilers through factor analysis and use the latent variables (i.e. factors) as pseudo-phenotypes in genetic evaluations.

2. Factors were extracted using the principal components method and varimax rotation algorithm. Genetic parameters were estimated via Bayesian inference under a multiple-trait animal model.

3. All factors taken together explained 71% of the original variance of the data. The first factor, denominated as ‘weight’, was associated with carcass and body weight traits; and the second factor, defined as ‘tenderness’, represented traits related to water-holding capacity and shear force. The third factor, ‘colour’, was associated with traits related to meat colour, whereas the fourth, referenced as ‘viscera’, was related to heart, liver and abdominal fat.

4. The four biological factors presented moderate to high heritability (ranging from 0.35 to 0.75), which may confer genetic gains in this population.

5. In conclusion, it seems possible to reduce the number of traits in the genetic evaluation of broilers using latent variables derived from factor analysis.     

不同AM菌剂配比对万寿菊幼苗生长特性的影响

为了解AM菌剂对万寿菊幼苗生长的调控效果,在育苗基质中分别加入3种不同配比的AM菌剂配制成菌肥基质,研究不同菌肥基质对万寿菊栽培苗生长性状、始花期及叶绿素含量等的影响。结果表明,添加AM菌剂后,万寿菊幼苗的苗高、地径、鲜重、干重、叶绿素含量等指标得到一定提高。幼套球囊霉(Glomus etunicatum)和摩西球囊霉(Glomus mossea)混施处理效果最好,其幼苗鲜重与干重的冠根比降低,根系发育良好,始花期提前,在生产中可作为有效的万寿菊育苗菌剂配方。     

Isolation and genetic characterization of swinepox virus from pigs in India

Swinepox virus (SWPV), a member of the genus Suipoxvirus causes generalized pock-like lesions on the body of domestic and wild pigs. Although outbreak has been reported in India since 1987, virus isolation and genetic characterization remained elusive. In September 2013, an outbreak of acute skin infection occurred in piglets in a commercial piggery unit at Rohtak district in Haryana, India. The presence of SWPV in scab samples collected from piglets succumbed to infection was confirmed by virus isolation, PCR amplification of SWPV-specific gene segments and nucleotide sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of host-range genes of the SWPV revealed that the Indian isolate is genetically closely related to reference isolate SWPV/pig/U.S.A/1999/Nebraska. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on isolation and genetic characterization of SWPV from pigs in India.