农业院校校外规模化试验示范基地建设思考

规模化试验示范基地承载着农业院校科技创新、人才培养、技术示范与推广的任务。文章结合校外规模化试验示范基地的实际,阐述了校外基地建设的必要性,介绍了华中农业大学校外规模化试验示范基地概况,并提出了提高对校外试验示范基地建设的认识、做好基地的整体规划、理顺管理体制等促进校外规模化试验示范基地建设的建议。     

Oral administration of fasudil hydrochloride suppresses development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice

AIM:To explore the therapeutic effect of fasudil hydrochloride by the oral route on the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice and its possible mechanism. METHODS:The EAE model in female C57BL/6 mice was established by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 peptide(MOG35-55) immunization and the immunized mice were randomly divided into saline control group and fasudil intervention group, in which saline and fasudil were administered by the oral route once every day from post-immunization (PI) day 3 to day 27. Clinical score and body weight were recorded every other day. On PI day 28, the spinal cords were obtained for HE and myelin staining. The splenocytes were isolated and the expression of CD16/32, CD206 and interleukin (IL)-10 was analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were detected by ELISA. RESULTS:Oral administration of fasudil delayed the onset of EAE, and attenuated the myelinoclasis of the model animals and the severity of EAE, accompanied by the phenotypic switch from M1 to M2 macrophages, the inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and TNF-α) production and the increase in IL-10 release. CONCLUSION: Oral administration of fasudil exhibits therapeutic effect on the development of EAE possibly through switching M1 macrophages to M2 phenotype and inhibiting inflammatory responses in mice.     

不同含水比例乳化柴油的喷雾特性研究

通过定容弹模拟乳化柴油喷雾形成全过程,采用高速摄影技术记录了柴油、含水质量百分比分别为10%和15%的乳化柴油的喷雾形成过程,从喷雾锥角、贯穿距、锋面速度、喷雾吹偏、喷雾边缘雾化效果等五个方面对不同含水比例乳化柴油的喷雾特性进行了试验研究。结果表明:与柴油比较,乳化柴油的喷雾锥角降低,喷雾贯穿距和锋面速度基本相当,涡流吹偏现象变弱,喷雾边缘雾化效果变差;E15乳化柴油的喷雾锥角和喷雾边缘雾化效果优于E10乳化柴油;水分在雾化过程中的"微爆效应"可在一定程度上改善乳化柴油的雾化质量。     

Pigs as an experimental model for systemic Mycobacterium avium infectious disease

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is an opportunistic pathogen in AIDS patients and pigs, and causes dissemination through primary intestinal lesions. However, its pathogenesis is not well understood. In this article, we hypothesize that pigs can provide a suitable experimental model of disseminated MAC disease. We compared the initial route of infection, the characteristics of the pathogenic strains, the immunological status of the hosts, and the histological characteristics. The route of infection and infective strains are similar in AIDS patients and pigs. Pigs can respond to infection by the formation of systemic epithelioid granuloma with sufficient cell-mediated immunity. However, there are differences in immunological status and histological features between AIDS patients and pigs. Therefore, pigs might be used as an appropriate animal model because of their good cell mediated immunity triggered by systemic mycobacterial infection. In conclusion, MAC infections in AIDS patients and pigs show similarities in terms of the initial route of infection and the genetic characteristics of the pathogenic strains.     

《动物细胞培养》实验教学的初步探索

高校开设的实验课多数是在理论教学的基础上开设的,实验教材中给出规范化的实验步骤和注意事项,这虽然巩固了理论知识,但学生独立设计实验和独立操作实验的能力得不到充分的发挥。《动物细胞培养》是一门以学生为主、教师为辅的实验教学,该文对实验课准备及预习实验报告的撰写、实验分组的具体实施、现代化电教手段及多元化考核手段的应用进行了初步的探索,以期为学生主动性、独立思考和解决问题能力的提高提供参考。     

环境化学课程教学改革的探索与实践

针对环境化学教材更新慢,内容繁杂需要优化调整的现状,结合环境科学专业必修课的特点,该文主要从以下几个方面对环境化学课程的改革和实践进行了探讨,分别为更新教学内容、强化课堂教学、增强实验教学、采用多种教学手段如互动式教学、问题教学法、多媒体教学,这些方法对提高教学质量和学生学习的积极性和兴趣具有重要意义。     

大学生实验技能竞赛体系构建的探索

实验技能竞赛是培养学生创新实践能力的重要手段,在其综合素质和创新能力培养方面具有极其重要的作用。该文对实验技能竞赛体系的构建包括组织体系设置、项目设置、赛程设置、组织实施过程等方面进行了积极的探索,为高校院系进行大学生实验技能竞赛活动的开展提供借鉴,使实验技能竞赛活动顺畅有序的进行。     

合肥市国土资源节约集约利用研究

作为创建国土资源集约利用模范县(市)试点单位,合肥市在集约节约用地工作中充分结合自身区位特点,全面落实"4个全面",提升本区域资源节约集约利用水平。合肥市坚持规划先导,优化布局,积极利用规划编制,提高土地的使用效率;加强土地出让管理,完善土地供应全程监管、全域监管;依法处置闲置土地,加大盘活存量土地力度;构建指标评价体系,建立节约集约用地长效管理机制,拓宽公众参与和监管渠道,加强与行业协会、规划设计院等部门的协调联动,确保节约集约用地措施的落实。     

Optimisation of oxygen delignification in production of totally chlorine-free cellulose pulps from oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre

The effects of oxygen delignification on prehydrolysed-soda pulps produced from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) empty fruit bunch fibre were statistically investigated by employing response surface methodology (RSM). Polynomial estimation models of five response variables namely yield, Kappa number, α-cellulose, viscosity and brightness were developed, each model comprised of four-independent variables: reaction temperature, reaction time, the alkali charge, and initial Kappa number. The calculated optimum condition (95 °C reaction temperature, 60 min reaction time, 2% alkali charge, and initial Kappa number of 6.6) is capable to produce pulp with 98.1% yield, Kappa number 2.4, 97.38% α-cellulose, pulp viscosity 13.8 cPs and ISO brightness 67.1%, which were proven close to the predicted values calculated from estimation models. The results indicated that oxygen delignification which is used as the first stage of bleaching sequence has the ability to both delignify and increase pulp brightness without substantial reduction in viscosity and α-cellulose, that appeared to be beneficial for subsequent TCF bleaching.     

摩托车道路模拟试验设计

针对摩托车轮胎耦合道路模拟试验约束复杂、迭代精度波动性大等特点,对摩托车RPC(远程参数控制)道路模拟试验过程及原理进行了深入分析,确定了摩托车轮胎耦合道路模拟试验迭代精度的影响因素及水平,建立了相应试验指标。采用正交试验设计方法对摩托车道路模拟试验进行了试验设计,对安排的试验进行了随机试验。通过对试验结果进行方差分析,确定了最优试验方案。采用最优试验方案进行摩托车道路模拟试验可以得到较高的模拟迭代精度。