国内洋桔梗组培快繁技术的研究进展

通过查阅现有洋桔梗组织培养资料,对洋桔梗组培快繁技术体系的研究进展进行了综述,主要介绍了洋桔梗组织培养中的外植体的选择、初代培养、增殖培养、生根培养及练苗移栽等程序的研究进展.     

Balance and concentration of nitrogen and potassium affect growth and nutrient status in soilless cultivated lisianthus

Purpose: Nitrogen (N) / potassium (K) nutrient balance has been studied for some ornamental plants, however, available information is limited. Here we investigate the optimum N and K balance and concentration for lisianthus production in soilless medium.

Materials and methods: The effect of three N / K balances: 1.43, 2.14 and 4.29, prepared by varying the concentration of N and K, were evaluated in lisianthus grown in soilless medium (volcanic rock).

Results: Plants fertigated with a N / K balance of 2.14 exhibited enhanced height and stem dry weight when compared to plants fertigated with a balance of 4.29, and a higher flower buds count and total dry weight than those fertigated with a balance of 1.43 or 4.29. Plants fertigated with a balance of 2.14 exhibited increased dry weight when N was reduced from 15 to 9?meq?L^?1 and K from 7 to 4.2?meq?L^?1, suggesting that lisianthus does not require high levels of these nutrients. Although shoot N concentration was not correlated with N concentration in the nutrient solution or balance, increasing N in the shoot was associated with higher P and Mg in the plant tissues. In general, P, Ca, and Mg in plant tissues were unaffected by the external N / K balance, however, the internal P and Mg concentrations were positively correlated with shoot dry weight. Shoot K concentration significantly increased when the N / K balance decreased, which is related to the higher concentrations of external K when the balance decreased.

Conclusions: The optimum N / K balance for lisianthus was 2.14. However, there was a concentration effect, as fertigation with solutions containing a N / K balance of 2.14 and an N and K concentration of 9 and 4.2?meq?L^?1 respectively, resulted in plants with the greatest dry weight.     

桔梗种质资源的RAPD分析

利用25个随机引物对56份来自不同国家和地区的桔梗种质资源进行RAPD分析,共扩增出212条带,其中104条多态性带,其多态率为49.05%。用UPMGA法建立了56份桔梗种质资源的亲缘关系树状图,以遗传距离0.1375为标准将56份种质资源分为8大类群。结果表明:56份种质资源的聚类结果与地理分布几乎一致。     

桔梗组培快繁技术研究

以桔梗的茎段、茎尖、叶片和根为外植体,以MS为基础培养基,添加不同浓度的6-BA和NAA进行交叉试验。研究结果表明,在诱导培养中,以MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L的培养基配方为最佳,桔梗的诱导率高,植株健壮;在继代增殖培养基中,以MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L为最佳配方;生根培养基以1/2MS+NAA0.5mg/L为最佳。     

桔梗田播后芽前除草剂筛选

[目的]筛选适合桔梗田使用的安全高效除草剂。[方法]通过盆栽安全性试验和田间试验,评价了50%乙草胺、33%二甲戊灵、24%乙氧氟草醚、42%异丙草胺·莠去津、50%噻吩磺隆·乙草胺在桔梗田使用的安全性和除草效果。[结果]1 500 mL/hm250%乙草胺田间使用对桔梗苗无药害,对禾本科杂草有很好的防治效果,对阔叶杂草防效一般;1 500 mL/hm233%二甲戊灵田间使用对桔梗出苗安全,对阔叶杂草防效高于90%,对禾本科杂草的防效超过80%;450 mL/hm224%乙氧氟草醚对桔梗出苗基本安全,对阔叶杂草的防效超过了95%,对禾本科杂草的防效在85%左右;42%异丙草胺·莠去津和50%噻吩磺隆·乙草胺虽然对田间杂草有很好的防效,但严重影响桔梗的出苗并有较重的药害。[结论]33%二甲戊灵、24%乙氧氟草醚和50%乙草胺可作为桔梗田播后芽前杂草封闭用除草剂。     

LED不同光质对洋桔梗组培苗淀粉含量的影响

洋桔梗组培苗生长是洋桔梗组织培养环节中很重要的环节。该试验以洋桔梗组培苗为试验材料,将试验材料分为8组,研究不同光质对洋桔梗组培苗淀粉含量的影响。结果表明:LED处理中1 RB光照下的洋桔梗组培苗淀粉含量最高,为2.313 7 mg/g,2 RB光照下的洋桔梗组培苗淀粉含量最低,为1.008 7 mg/g。因此,组合光1 RB较传统光源荧光灯更能促进组培苗淀粉生成,该试验结果可为洋桔梗组培苗培育提供一定的理论指导。     

洋桔梗基因工程研究进展

对近10年来国内外洋桔梗遗传工程方面的研究进展进行了综述,提出了洋桔梗转基因过程中存在的问题,并就其应用前景进行了展望。     

不同浓度赤霉素对打破洋桔梗簇叶化的影响

试验研究不同浓度的赤霉素对打破洋桔梗簇叶化的影响。结果表明:摘心处理2个月后,CK(清水)处理的洋桔梗90%发生簇叶化,表明赤霉素对降低洋桔梗簇化率有效。赤霉素浓度对洋桔梗生长势的影响为150 mg/L100 mg/L50 mg/L清水,150 mg/L赤霉素处理对洋桔梗株高、茎粗和小花数影响显著,但对叶片数影响不显著,从而证明赤霉素是通过促进节间的伸长来促进整株植株生长,而不是通过促进节数的增加来促进植株的生长。     

翠雀内生真菌分离鉴定及分布特性研究

旨在探明有毒植物翠雀的内生真菌种类,作者采用表面消毒法分离,运用形态学鉴定,采用ITS序列构建系统进化树,确定了其内生真菌的种类。结果显示,从翠雀植物中分离得到22种内生真菌,将其根据亲缘关系进行系统进化分析,主要分为Ⅰ和Ⅱ两大种群,分属于6纲、6目、6科、7属,其中,链格孢属真菌（Alternaria sp.）为优势菌（占分离菌株数的31.82%,主要分布于花和叶中）,内生真菌在花中分布最普遍（占分离菌株数的40.91%）,其次,为叶（31.82%）、根（22.73%）和茎（4.55%）。结果表明,翠雀内生真菌在不同组织中的分布普遍性不同。