基于环境心理学的露天停车场景观设计探析

针对露天停车场的现存弊端,运用环境心理学进行分析,从中心景观、铺装、绿化、标识、照明5个方面提出设计建议,提升露天停车场的景观效果和使用性.     

Effects of growing location on the contents of secondary metabolites in the leaves of four selected superior clones of Eucommia ulmoides

The interior quality of an herbal medicine is determined by its secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites that are contained in medicinal plants may be different in types, contents, and proportions of the constituents because of the differences in production locations. Four excellent clones of Eucommia ulmoides, Qinzhong No. 1 to 4, which have been selected from 40 clones from all over China, were planted in 6 main cultivation locations. The contents of secondary metabolites, including chlorogenic acid, flavonoids and geniposidic acid contained in the leaves of each clone were measured. Gray correlation and path analysis were conducted among the contents of secondary metabolites and environmental factors, such as altitude, annual sunshine duration, annual precipitation, and annual average temperature. The results showed that environmental factors had significant impacts on the contents of secondary metabolites of the 4 clones. High degrees of association were found between altitude, annual average temperature in the locations tested and the contents of chlorogenic acid and flavonoids, between the annual sunshine duration, annual average temperature and the contents of geniposidic acid. Altitude and annual average temperature are key environmental factors for the accumulation of chlorogenic acid and flavonoids, while annual sunshine duration and annual average temperature are key ones for geniposidic acid. Altitude and annual average temperature were significantly and positively correlated to the contents of chlorogenic acid and flavonoids (P < 0.05). Annual sunshine duration was significantly and positively correlated to the content of geniposidic acid (P < 0.05), while annual average temperature was significantly and negatively correlated to the content of geniposidic acid (P < 0.05). No significant correlation was observed between the annul precipitation and the contents of each secondary metabolite. It was concluded that from the view of the contents of the secondary metabolites, Lueyang in Shaanxi Province, Lingbao in Henan Province, and Zunyi in Guizhou Province are preferable for the cultivation of E. ulmoides in China.     

餐饮废气颗粒物排放特征及环境影响研究

通过资料搜集及现场调研,分析了餐饮废气污染源特征、净化器使用情况等,发现油烟净化器处理后餐饮废气以细颗粒物、烃类物质为主.目前,常用油烟净化器对油烟有较好的处理效果,但运营过程中也存在监测数据不足、管理不规范等问题.利用SCREEN3对餐饮企业废气PM10、PM25环境影响进行研究,发现颗粒物对局部区域的影响不容忽视.     

Life cycle assessment of aquaculture systems: Does burden shifting occur with an increase in production intensity?

Life cycle assessment (LCA), a tool used to assess the environmental impacts of products and processes, has been used to evaluate a range of aquaculture systems. Eighteen LCA studies were reviewed which included assessments of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), flow-through systems, net cages, and pond systems. This review considered the potential to mitigate environmental burdens with a movement from extensive to intensive aquaculture systems. Due to the diversity in study results, specific processes (feed, energy, and infrastructure) and specific impact categories (land use, water use, and eutrophication potential) were analyzed in-depth. The comparative analysis indicated there was a possible shift from local to global impacts with a progression from extensive to intensive systems, if mitigation strategies were not performed. The shift was partially due to increased electricity requirements but also varied with electricity source. The impacts from infrastructure were less than 13 % of the environmental impact and considered negligible. For feed, the environmental impacts were typically more dependent on feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the type of system. Feed also contributed to over 50 % of the impacts on land use, second only to energy carriers. The analysis of water use indicated intensive recirculating systems efficiently reduce water use as compared to extensive systems; however, at present, studies have only considered direct water use and future work is required that incorporates indirect and consumptive water use. Alternative aquaculture systems that can improve the total nutrient uptake and production yield per material and energy based input, thereby reducing the overall emissions per unit of feed, should be further investigated to optimize the overall of aquaculture systems, considering both global and local environmental impacts. While LCA can be a valuable tool to evaluate trade-offs in system designs, the results are often location and species specific. Therefore, it is critical to consider both of these criteria in conjunction with LCA results when developing aquaculture systems.     

环境监测试卷库的建设与实践——以浙江农林大学环境与资源学院为例

阐述《环境监测》试卷库建设的必要性，介绍了浙江农林大学环境与资源学院环境监测试卷库建设的基本原则，并以近4a来具体实践的试卷分析评价，从难易度、区分度和信度等方面来说明试卷库实施的优点。     

环境系统分析课程教学过程的思考与改革探索

该文在总结环境系统分析课程基本特点的基础上，针对苏州科技学院环境科学专业本科培养目标和特色，结合教学实践，提出“挖掘学习兴趣、创造实践机会、灌输环保理念”的教学思路，希望为进一步提高该专业人才培养质量提供参考。     

Quantifying the Impact Factors of Different Forms of Potassium and Absorptions by Different Cotton Genotypes

This study focuses on two genotypes of cotton and explores different factors that were able to affect the release of different forms of potassium (K) in the rhizosphere by considering a biogeochemical process integrating plants, soils, and microorganisms. The study indicated that both genotypes of cotton could effectively absorb exchangeable potassium (eK) under limited potassium (LK) supply, and cotton plants could use LK to sustain offspring, preferably under K-deficiency conditions. It was mainly due to its significantly greater active absorbing surface area of root and comparatively greater K⁺ maximum uptake rate (I_max), which caused more K accumulation in the high-efficiency genotype cotton (HEG). Although I_max of the low-efficiency genotype cotton’s (LEG’s) was greater, K accumulation in LEG was less, which might be attributed to its significantly lower HEG and feedback inhibition on K taken up by greater K concentration in the plant. The lint yield had a significant positive correlation with boll number per plant, single boll weight, plant height, and number of fruit branches, which indicated that increasing these agronomic parameters is the base for increasing lint yield. There was a synergic action among humus, microorganisms, and K in the rhizosphere soil. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of reduced soils was less under oxidized condition, due to collapse of the interlayer in response to increased layer charge upon structural Fe reduction. Crop yields can be increased when fertilizer K is applied according to proper ratio among different forms of potassium and humic acid in soils. The middle-high plant height, lower initial fruit branch, more fruit branches, more bolls, and larger boll size should receive more attention during high-yielding cotton breeding.     

区域环保产业发展现状分析与对策研究——以云南省为例

环保产业是区域及国家环境保护的重要基础和技术保障,已成为国民经济发展中最具潜力的新的经济增长点之一.本文以云南省为例,基于区域环保产业的发展动力、规模扩大、产业结构优化,探讨了地方环保产业发展的集群模式.文章结合云南省资源开发与生态保护并进的需求,指出了云南省在清洁技术与产品研发、资源综合利用、土壤修复和环保服务业等环保产业领域发展的对策和建议,为推动区域及我国环保产业发展提供参考.     

基于养分平衡和环境保护的北京市城市结构探讨

城市化进程中,随着人口不断向城市积聚,城市成为各种农产品的输入地,农民也不断增加对城市周围耕地的投入以获取更多的农产品。城市及其郊区成为各种物流、能流的聚集地。如果聚集的能量、养分得不到有效利用,不仅造成资源的浪费,还会给环境带来一定的压力。文章基于养分循环原理,以北京市为例,对分别计算了北京市人畜排泄物和作物产出可以提供的养分,与北京市耕地在吨粮田情况下所能够吸纳的养分,结果显示养分是富余的。与单中心大城市相比,多中心中小城市的城市建成区与周围农田之间的物流能流交换界面更大,有利于充分利用人畜排泄物作为作物养分,发展有机农业;同时,也有利于减少城市环境压力和改善城市生态环境。因此,要坚持分散集团式的城市空间布局,避免"城市大饼"无限扩大,促进养分循环和土地可持续利用,建设生态环境良好的宜居城市。     

基于梯度薄膜扩散技术的广西环江流域桑田土壤中铅的生物有效性研究

梯度薄膜扩散技术（Diffusive gradients in thin-films,DGT）是一种原位连续环境采样和测量方法,自20世纪90年代中期被报道以来,一直以固态结合相采集和测量水体、沉积物和土壤中有效态重金属,目前液态结合相的DGT多应用于水体中金属离子的检测。分别采用固态结合相（chelex100）和改进的液态结合相（sodium polyacrylate,PAAS）的DGT装置,对广西桑田土壤中有效态Pb进行了累积和测定。简单分析结果表明,两种装置提取的土壤有效态Pb含量与桑树老叶和嫩叶中的Pb含量都呈极显著相关关系,改进的PAAS-DGT装置对土壤中有效态Pb的提取能力更强。融合土壤pH、阳离子交换量（CEC）、有机质（OM）和土壤颗粒组成等理化指标影响,运用多元统计分析,建立了逐步回归模型。多元统计分析表明,两种结合相的DGT技术所构建的回归模型是可靠的,其调整判定系数R2adj分别为0.87、0.89、0.96和0.95,且预测结果融合了影响土壤有效态Pb含量的pH、CEC、有机质和土壤质地等主要因素。研究结果表明两种结合相的DGT装置均能较好预测桑田土壤中Pb的生物有效性,拓展了DGT技术的应用范围。关键词：梯度扩散薄膜技术（DGT）;聚丙烯酸钠（PAAS）;铅（Pb）;生物有效性;桑田;广西