Altitudinal and longitudinal variations in Pinus brutia (Ten.) of Crete Island,Greece: some needle,cone and seed traits under natural habitats

Four populations representing the entire natural distribution range of Pinus brutia (Ten.) in Crete (Greece) were sampled to determine: (1) Altitudinal variation within populations of Lassithi, Vorizia, Koustagerako, and Samaria, and; (2) Longitudinal variation among the four populations, based on morphological and anatomical differences in cone, needle and seed characteristics. Samples were collected from 10 trees per altitude, at three altitudes in each population. A total of 12 morphological and anatomical traits from needles, cones and seeds were analyzed to assess the altitudinal and longitudinal variations of the species in the island. The number of teeth per cm showed significant (P<0.01) differences between altitudes in Samaria, Vorizia and Lassithi, while needle length, width and the number of resin canals showed significant differences (P<0.01) between altitudes in Koustagerako. Cone width showed patterns of variation along the altitudinal gradient in Koustagerako, Samaria and Vorizia. Most traits had their highest means at the middle altitudes (650masl) in all the four populations. Overall, no clear altitudinal differentiation was detected, probably due to high rate of gene flow. Longitudinal variability showed a clear pattern of differentiation along the east–west climatic gradient. Needle length, width, sheath length, number of teeth per cm and the number of resin canals were the most useful traits for determining the climatic gradient clines.     

Forest resources and environment in China

Covering a vast territory, China is rich in forest resources and diversified environments. The changes in forest resources have a direct bearing on environmental quality. This paper gives a detailed account of the dynamic change in forest resources in China, including the overall process of forest evolution, the status quo, and features of the existing forest resources and the development and use of major forest resources. In addition, it analyses the current situation of China’s environment and explores the main contributing factors based on the overall environmental situation. To achieve sustainable management of forest resources and improve the environment in China, the Chinese Government attaches great importance to the protection and development of forest resources as well as to environmental development and improvement. The paper gives an overview of current thinking for sustainable forest resource and environmental development in the future and highlights the current focus of efforts toward this objective.     

德钦县旅游业发展研究

德钦县位于云南省迪庆州西北部，国土面积7504km^2，人口58300人，国内生产总值9094万元，是国家级贫困县。由于历史的原因，社会经济发展滞后。天保工程实施后，“木头财政”受到极大的冲击，因此必须进行产业结构调整，培育新的经济增长点，其重要内容是发展旅游业。德钦县具有发展旅游业的丰富资源，发展旅游业是产业结构调整的需要，是培育其他支柱产业和环境保护的需要。对发展旅游业的前景进行了市场分析和预测，分析了目前存在的问题，提出了今后发展的建议。     

恶唑菌酮土壤降解影响因子研究

探讨了土壤环境中的主要因素:土壤微生物、温度、含水量、pH值以及施用有机肥对恶唑菌酮降解的影响。结果表明:土壤微生物对恶唑菌酮在土壤中的降解起着重要作用,相同条件下灭菌土壤的降解半衰期是非灭菌土壤的27.6倍。环境温度、土壤含水量等对恶唑菌酮降解也有影响,在15℃～40℃的试验条件下,随着温度升高,恶唑菌酮的降解速率加快,特别是15℃～25℃温度范围内降解速率上升较快;过高和过低的土壤含水量都不利于土壤中恶唑菌酮的降解,土壤含水量为50?～100?时适宜恶唑菌酮的降解;此外施用有机肥会加速恶唑菌酮的降解;而土壤pH值对降解的影响不显著。     

中国地质大学（武汉）北校区环境设计

中国地质大学（武汉）北校区环境设计延续与强化了校区总体规划精神,充分结合校区的地形地貌,以人为本,因地制宜,紧扣校园文化内涵进行景观设计,形成极近自然的生态校园环境。将校区建设的余土内部消化,丰富了园林景观的空间层次,并通过设计小型人工湿地提高校园的自净能力。     

我国沿岸海域环境污染对渔业可持续发展的影响及对策探讨

阐述了我国沿岩海域主要污染物的种类，污染物质的迁移、转化引起的水域环境污染及污染现状等，讨论了环境污染对渔业生产的影响，从管理、防治、保护等方面提出了对策，以实现渔业的可持续发展目标。     

水土保持方案编制研究

开发建设生产项目水土保持方案编制在有效保护生态与环境、防治项目产生严重水土流失方面起到了很好的预防作用。由于市场竞争的因素,水土保持方案编制出现了急功近利的现象,这一现象在很大程度上限制了水土保持方案作用的充分发挥。以水土保持的内容为出发点,对水土保持方案的编制与实践进行了深入探讨,以期更好地编制水土保持方案。     

环境变化对植物叶片结构·光合作用的影响

环境变化往往对植物叶片结构和光合作用产生影响.综述了不同环境条件（光照、温度、水分、盐、干旱）下叶片结构和光合作用的变化情况,加深对植物生长特性的认识及应用.     

人参设施栽培研究进展

该文归纳总结了设施内部环境对人参生长发育的影响,并对国内外利用设施栽培人参的相关试验结果及文献资料进行汇总,从设施内部环境、设施的结构与材料、设施内环控设备方面阐述了各种因素对人参生长发育的影响,为利用设施栽培人参提供可靠理论依据。     

Ecosystem services from turfgrass landscapes

Turf is an important component of the urban and rural landscape. The natural plant formations/biomes that it mimics are the tropical savanna, the temperate grasslands (steppe and the prairies) and the tundra. Turf in a higher or lower degree provides all the ecosystem services of the other types of vegetation. Vegetation ecosystem services that have been previously emphasized include functional, aesthetical, recreational, social, and economic services as well as services related to people psychological or physical health. The purpose of this review is to gather updated information on turf ecosystem services, mainly on how they compare to other types of vegetation, or substitutes, and to suggest some future trends/areas of research.Turf has a unique role in aesthetics and, definitely, provides an irreplaceable surface for recreational sports/activities. From the available information, turf seems to have a higher potential than other types of vegetation for reducing runoff, increasing infiltration, purifying water from sediments and pollutants, controlling erosion, improving soil quality and reducing fire hazards. For the lawn owners the main turf benefits are: first the enhanced property aesthetics, second the increment in property value and third the provision of a recreation area. Turf, as all vegetation, uses water. Without the water its benefits may be reduced or annihilated. Mimicking nature may offer some solutions for saving water: summer brown lawns that green up in the fall, although losing some of the turf benefits, may be an appropriate choice where irrigation is not feasible and are worth some research. Research, should also be done on lawns using a mix of grasses and legumes: the presence of legumes may avoid N fertilization and, possibly allows for clippings removal and usage as biofuel, while keeping the soil accumulation of carbon, preventing N leaching and turning turf’s carbon footprint even more positive.