青稞秸秆对生长期藏绵羊体增重及免疫指标的影响

本试验用青稞秸秆替代燕麦干草作为唯一粗饲料来源,研究其对生长期藏绵羊体增重及免疫功能的影响。选择18只4~5月龄健康河谷型藏绵羊,随机分为2组,即:青稞组(青稞秸秆300 g/d+精料300 g/d)和燕麦组(燕麦干草300 g/d+精料300 g/d)。试验期4周,第1周为预试期,第2~4周为正试期。正试期结束后,按公母各占1/2原则,各组分别选取6只羊屠宰采样。结果发现:青稞组与燕麦组藏绵羊的体重、日增重、脾脏重和脾脏指数均差异不显著(P0.05);青稞组与燕麦组藏绵羊血清中免疫球蛋白(Ig)G、Ig A、Ig M、溶菌酶含量和酸性磷酸酶活性均差异不显著(P0.05),但青稞组中溶菌酶含量有高于燕麦组的趋势(P=0.083);青稞组与燕麦组血清、胸腺和脾脏白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10和干扰素γ(IFN-γ)含量均差异不显著(P0.05)。综合来看,与燕麦干草相比,饲喂青稞秸秆不会降低生长期藏绵羊的体增重及免疫性能,且有提高机体非特异性免疫因子(溶菌酶)含量的潜力,可作为藏绵羊的粗饲料来源。     

Foetal Growth in the Reindeer

In connection with reindeer, slaughter 348 foetuses were collected at different foetal developmental stages and studied together with 20 full-term newborn calves with respect to weight, crown-rump length, metacarpal bone length and appearance of ossification foci. On the basis of these measurements polynomial growth curves were constructed. Weight gain was most rapid during the last trimester of gestation, but total and metacarpal bone length gain showed only minor acceleration towards the end of pregnancy. Ossification was apparent at an age of about 6 weeks. Undernutrition during late winter was observed to retard the foetal growth.     

中药制剂产后康复宁的药理研究

应用ＬＭＳ－２Ｂ二道生理记录仪及配套装置,通过免疫器官重量法和鸡红细胞（ＣＲＢＣ）作免疫原的溶血素（ＩｇＭ）测定法及体内抑菌试验法,观测了中药制剂产后康复宁对家兔离体、在位子宫和小鼠免疫功能的影响,以及对感染大肠杆菌Ｋ８８小鼠的保护作用。结果表明,产后康复宁可使兔离体子宫收缩频率显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）,张力显著增强（Ｐ＜０．０１）,振幅显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）;与麦角相比,仅５ｍｉｎ相同时间的子宫收缩频率差异明显（Ｐ＜０．０５）,其余相同时间子宫收缩频率、张力、振幅均无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。使在位子宫收缩频率明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）,张力明显增强（Ｐ＜０．０５）,振幅明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）;与麦角比较,子宫收缩频率、张力、振幅在５、１０ｍｉｎ相同时间内差异均不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５）。对免疫功能的影响,不但使小鼠脾脏显著增重（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而且溶血素明显增多（Ｐ＜０．０５）。对感染大肠杆菌Ｋ８８的小鼠有明显的保护作用（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示产后康复宁有增强子宫收缩,促使宫内恶露排除,加速子宫复旧,增强机体免疫功能等作用。     

硒都黑猪体重与体尺指标的通径分析及最优回归模型的建立

为了探讨硒都黑猪体重与体尺指标的相关性,研究体尺指标对体重的直接和间接作用,构建体重与体尺的最优回归模型,试验选取190日龄硒都黑猪167头,测量体重(Y)与体高(X1)、体长(X2)、胸围(X3)、腹围(X4)、臀长(X5)、臀宽(X6)、臀围(X7)等各项体尺指标,并进行相关性分析、通径分析、逐步线性回归分析.结果...     

不同饲料对甘南牦牛暖季补饲育肥效果研究试验

甘南牦牛传统放牧生产模式使牦牛生产存在周期长、收益低、草场压力大等问题,而“国家”、“地方”和“牧民”对草地生态保护、经济发展、增加收入的迫切需求,使得高生产效率已成为牦牛发展的迫切需要。[目的]为提高牦牛暖季育肥效果,[方法]本试验利用不同饲料对牦牛进行暖季补饲育肥,筛选适合甘南牧区最佳育肥方式,为牦牛高质量发展提供技术支持和理论指导。[结果]试验结果表明,采用蒸汽压片玉米+放牧补饲育肥组试验末总增重分别比苜蓿颗粒+放牧和纯放牧的方式分别提高了32.46%,20.97%,经济效益分别比以上两组提高了23.21%,13.55%。[结论]因此,蒸汽压片玉米+放牧暖季补饲育肥方式组适合在广大牧区甘南牦牛生产中推广适用。     

Efficacy of Sarafloxacin in Broilers after Experimental Infection with Escherichia coli

Infections of chickens with Escherichia coli serotypeO78 can be treated with the antibiotic sarafloxacin. Three experiments were conducted on the administration of this drug to chickens that had been experimentally infected with E. coli. The birds were monitored for 10 days after infection for their average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), and the post-mortem pathology was assessed. In the first experiment, sarafloxacin (20 mg/L, equivalent to 5 mg/kg live weight per day), given in the drinking water for 3 days after infection, led to a reduction in the mortality from 75% to 27%, but the ADG of the treated birds was still less than that of the uninfected controls. In the second experiment, when the sarafloxacin was administered at the same dose in the water but over only 2 h, there was also a considerable reduction in mortality, and the ADG and the FCR also improved significantly. In the third experiment, the dose dependence of the drug was tested. The birds were given 5 and 10 mg/kg per day sarafloxacin in each group, starting within 2 h after infection. This rapid administration of the drug completely prevented mortality, while the ADG and FCR were similar to those of the uninfected controls.     

东北马鹿茸重性状遗传力和重复力的估测

采用同父异母半同胞组内相关法,对乌兰坝林场７只东北马鹿种公鹿７１只后裔,１９９２～１９９７年９锯时四杈茸鲜重遗传力估测结果为０４０,属高遗传力;采用组内相关系数法,对该场７～１１锯１３只东北马鹿种公鹿锯四杈茸鲜重的重复力估测结果为０６９（Ｐ＜００１）,属高重复力,为东北马鹿的纯种选育提供了主要性状的遗传参数。     

纤维素酶对兔日增重、肠绒毛结构、胃内容物及肝、睾丸内无机元素含量的影响

选用雄性日本大耳白兔20只,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组10只。结果表明,饲喂纤维素酶(3g/头·日)的兔日增重明显增加(P<0.05),通过电镜观察试验组兔空肠肠绒毛结构比较完整,而对照组则比较紊乱。另外,纤维素酶还能提高兔胃酸度和胃蛋白酶的活力(P<0.01);使肝脏中Cu(P<0.01)及睾丸内无机元素的含量增加,而使肝脏中Mn的含量下降(P<0.01)。     

The effects of low doses of Senna occidentalis seeds on broiler chickens

The effects of 0.5%, 0.3% and 0.1% w/w concentrations of Senna occidentalis (So) seed mixed with commercial ration were studied in 18 groups of 32 broiler chicks each, from 1 day to 49 days of age. Three groups were fed one of the rations throughout their lives (TL). Three other groups were fed one of the rations from the 1st to the 28th day of life (starter phase, SP), and the final 3 groups were fed one of the rations from the 29th to 49th day (finisher phase, FP). Each experimental group was matched by a control group fed the same diet over the same period but without the inclusion of So. All the animals were killed at 49 days of age, and blood was collected from 10 birds in each group for biochemical studies (ALT, AST, GGT, LDH, UA). A complete necropsy was performed on 3 birds from each group. No significant differences in the biochemical parameters in the serum were found between the control and experimental chicks, but animals treated with 0.5% So in groups FP and TL, gained less weight and chicks that received 0.3% So or 0.5% So in the ration throughout life (TL) had a larger feed conversion ratio. Besides this, degenerative changes were found in the striated skeletal muscle in the chest, in the myocardium and in the liver in the animals that received the higher concentrations of So seeds.     

甘肃黄鸡早期生长发育规律的分析

为探讨甘肃黄鸡的育效果及其利用价值，对甘肃黄鸡早期生长发育规律进行了系统测定。结果表明，甘肃黄鸡体重达２．０kg的日龄平均为８７．５d（公鸡７７d，母鸡９８d)，全期饲料转化比为２．９３，成活率较高达９４．０％，甘肃黄鸡９周龄时体重接近１．５kg,有一定的市场意义，可以考虑及早上市；对甘肃黄鸡体重进行选择时，应同时注意对胫长的适当控制。