Environmental effects on the elemental leaf composition of crassulacean acid metabolism plants

Environmental effects on several CAM plants which bring them in CAM (when plants show diurnal fluctuations in the concn of titratable acid) and out of CAM (when acid concn remain low with no diurnal fluctuation) were studied. Change in photoperiod alone caused the greatest amplitude of the acid fluctuation from 2.6 to 2.7 meq acid/100 g FW in Sedum telephoides. Light intensity affected the K/Ca ratio from a high when in CAM to a low when out of CAM in the 2 species. The plasma emission spectrograph analysis of the leaf tissue grown in the specific environment showed the presence of high levels of Mn, B, Cu, Zn, Na, Al and Si in Sedum telephoides. The elemental analyses of CAM plants showed 1.8 to 9.4% K.     

Cottonseed protein: What does the future hold?

Cottonseed protein has the potential to increase the world's food supply while decreasing the incidence of malnutrition among the world's hungry. Nutritionally, cottonseed flour compares favorably to other animal and vegetable protein sources, as it is low in fat and contains a substantial amount of high biological value protein. Animal studies, as well as human research, using gossypol-free glandless cottonseed flour have shown that cottonseed protein promotes growth, increased weight gain, and a positive nitrogen balance. Cottonseed protein food products have been shown to be a healthy addition to the diets of children, college-age women, and the elderly. With its light color and bland flavor, cottonseed has many uses in the food processing arena. Baked goods, snack foods and candy, as well as pet and livestock feed are just a few successful products developed utilizing cottonseed protein.     

四倍体高粱及其后代不同生长阶段营养成分的分析

对约翰逊草、四沈甜、四6A及其杂交后代饲草的营养成分进行分析,结果表明,四倍体高粱与约翰逊草杂交种及分离世代粗蛋白在孕穗期达到最高,粗脂肪含量以抽穗期最高,单位能量值和单株生物产量以抽穗期最高。综合各营养成分含量分析认为,抽穗期有效养分含量较高,能量达到最大值,为刈割的最佳时期。四沈甜×约翰逊草杂交种粗蛋白含量在8%~10.3%,F3达到10.36%。为开展高粱与约翰逊草杂交选育优质饲料作物提供参考及依据。     

水产动物肌酸营养的研究进展

为研究饲料中添加胍基乙酸（GAA）对斑点叉尾鮰生长、肝脏抗氧化以及肌肉能量代谢的影响。本实验共设计4个实验组,分别投喂含0（对照组）、300、600和900 mg/kg GAA（GAA0、GAA300、GAA600和GAA900）的等能等氮饲料,实验周期8周。结果显示,各添加GAA组末均重（FBW）和增重率（WGR）较对照组均有提高趋势,但差异不显著;添加GAA显著影响脏体比（VSI）和腹脂率（IPF）,在GAA300组VSI和IPF最低;以IPF和VSI为评价指标,通过二次函数分析获得GAA最适量分别为275和150 mg/kg。添加GAA对全鱼水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分均无显著影响,对肌肉中游离氨基酸和脂肪酸均无显著影响,但能显著提高肌肉中羟脯氨酸（HYP）含量,改善肌肉品质。添加GAA可提高肝脏抗氧化能力,其中GAA300组的总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著高于对照组。添加GAA可改善肌肉能量代谢,其中GAA300组的琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）和丙酮酸激酶（PK）活性显著高于对照组。研究表明,饲料中添加GAA对斑点叉尾鮰生长及饲料利用无显著促进作用,但添加150~300 mg/kg GAA能降低斑点叉尾鮰腹部脂肪含量和脏体比,并能提高肝脏抗氧化能力和肌肉能量代谢。

     

VB_6对家蚕氮代谢的影响

用人工饲料无菌饲育方式 ,分析维生素B6(VB6)对家蚕丝腺生长、血淋巴蛋白质浓度、血淋巴游离氨基酸组成变化及氮代谢终产物尿酸形成的影响。结果表明 :5龄期家蚕在缺乏VB6条件下 ,丝腺生长严重受阻碍 ,血淋巴蛋白质不能正常合成 ,使体内氨基酸转化利用率下降 ,氮代谢终产物尿酸的排泄量增加 ,血淋巴中部分游离氨基酸浓度下降 ,特别是合成丝蛋白质主要成分的Ala、Ser和Tyr等蚕体非必需氨基酸的组成比率显著减少 ,而Gly、Orn和Cysta等的浓度增加异常 ,导致血淋巴中游离氨基酸组成动态平衡破坏 ,显示蚕体内因VB6缺乏引起氨基酸代谢失调。     

陕晋蒙三角区自然环境面临的主要灾害及对策

陕晋蒙三角区是我国未来的一个新经济区,在全国具有重要的地位。本文从该区的特点出发,论述了自然环境的主要灾害,进而提出了减灾的相应措施与建议。随着能源基地经济建设的飞跃发展,必须坚持开发与治理同步进行;提高植被覆盖率;防止水土流失;实现综合;强化环保监督。只有这样,才能实现林茂粮丰和经济腾飞的目的。     

Indole acetic acid differently changes growth and nitrogen metabolism in Pisum sativum L. seedlings under chromium (VI) phytotoxicity: Implication of oxidative stress

The present study investigated impact of exogenous application of indole acetic acid (IAA; 10 and 100 μM) in pea seedlings under hexavalent chromium (Cr VI; 50, 100 and 250 μM). Cr and 100 μM IAA alone as well as in combination decreased seed germination rate compared to control. However, under Cr phytotoxicity, addition of 10 μM IAA recovered seed germination rate to the level of control. Exposure of pea seedlings to Cr and 100 μM IAA during their early stage caused decrease in fresh mass, length, protein and nitrogen contents of roots and shoots compared to control. Treatment of pea seedlings with Cr resulted in a rapid accumulation of this metal in roots and shoots. Moreover, addition of 100 μM IAA together with Cr, further increased accumulation of this metal in roots and shoots compared to Cr treatments alone. Treatment of pea seedlings with Cr and 100 μM IAA, resulted in a marked decrease in nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activities (except 50 μM Cr alone for GOGAT), and an increase in ammonium content and glutamate dehydrogenase activity. Parameters related with oxidative stress, i.e. superoxide radicals and reactive carbonyl groups (protein oxidation) were increased by Cr and 100 μM IAA compared to control. By contrast, addition of 10 μM IAA together with Cr, alleviated negative effect of Cr on growth, protein, nitrogen and nitrogen metabolism, and led to decrease in oxidative injuries caused by Cr. The data indicate that 10 μM IAA protects pea seedlings during the early growth period against Cr phytotoxicity by regulating Cr accumulation and oxidative damage. However, addition of 100 μM IAA together with Cr showed opposite responses.     

外源油菜素内酯处理对‘美乐’葡萄果实糖代谢的影响

以酿酒葡萄'美乐'为试材,于花后8周对其果实喷施不同浓度(0.2、0.4、0.6 mg.L-1)油菜素内酯(2,4-表油菜素内酯,EBR)溶液,以喷施等量蒸馏水为对照,研究EBR对果实成熟过程中糖组分、糖代谢关键酶及相关基因表达的影响.0.6 mg·L-1 EBR处理促进了果实发育过程中葡萄糖和果糖的积累,花后104 ...     

果实糖代谢与含量调控的研究进展

甜度作为水果风味的重要组成部分,在果实品质形成中扮演重要角色。糖含量和比例是影响果实风味与甜度的重要因素,在果实发育进程中受到糖转运和代谢的高度调控。因此,了解糖代谢与含量之间的关系,是提高果实品质的关键。植物中的碳水化合物不仅为体内代谢提供能量,而且可以作为响应环境的信号分子起关键作用。重点综述了糖代谢关键酶和相关基因在果实糖含量调控中的作用及糖信号响应不同环境变化的生理和生化过程,旨在为改良果实品质提供理论参考。     

Effects of different active constituents of Gynostemma pentaphyllum on mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins in endothelial cells induced by ox-LDL

AIM To investigate the effects of different components of Gynostemma pentaphyllum ［gypenosides (Gps), gypenoside XLIX (GpXLIX) and ginsenoside Rb3 (GRb3)］ on mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins in endothelial cells induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). METHODS EA.hy926 cells were divided into control group, model group, Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group. The cells in control group were cultured only in DMEM complete medium. The cells in model group were treated with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 48 h. The cells in Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group were treated with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 24 h, and then treated with Gps, GpXLIX and GRb3 at 100 mg/L for another 24 h, respectively. The ATP content in each group was detected by ELISA. The expression levels of mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins, cytochrome C oxidase subunit 5a （Cox5a）, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S1 （Ndufs1）, ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha (ATP5a) and cytochrome C (Cyt C）, were determined by Wes automatic Western blot quantitative analysis system and Western blot. RESULTS Compared with control group, the ATP content in model group was decreased (P<0.01). After drug intervention, the ATP content increased to different degrees in Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group (P<0.01). The results of Wes automatic Western blot quantitative analysis system were consistent with those of Western blot. These results showed that compared with control group, the protein expression of Cox5a, Ndufs1 and ATP5a in model group was decreased, and the protein expression of Cyt C was increased (P<0.01). After intervention, the protein expression of Cox5a, Ndufs1 and ATP5a was increased and the protein expression of Cyt C was decreased in Gps group, GpXLIX group and GRb3 group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Among them, the effect of Gps on the protein expression of Cox5a, Ndufs1 and Cyt C was significantly stronger than those of the 2 monomer components, and the effect of GRb3 was found to be superior in the 2 monomer components. The effect of GpXLIX on ATP5a protein was superior to the other 2 components. CONCLUSION Gynostemma total saponins and related active ingredients protect ox-LDL-induced endothelial cells by affecting mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins, thereby preventing and treating atherosclerosis.