Feasibility of using eggplant (Solanum melongena) stalks in the production of experimental particleboard

This study examined possible feasibility of eggplant (Solanum melongena) stalks in the production of particleboard. Three-layer experimental particleboards with density of 0.53, 0.63, 0.73 and 0.78 g/cm³ were manufactured from eggplant stalks using certain ratios of urea formaldehyde (UF) and melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives. Modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond strength (IB), thickness swelling (TS) properties of the boards were evaluated and a statistical analysis was performed in order to examine possible feasibility of these stalks in commercial particleboard manufacturing. The experimental results have shown that production of general purpose and furniture grade particleboard used in dry conditions using eggplant stalks is technically viable. The results of the study demonstrate that eggplant stalks can be an alternative raw material source for particleboard industry.     

Seasonal fluctuation in the population of Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. in the sub-himalayan region of West Bengal, India and its control on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

Eggplant is one of the most common vegetable crops grown in India and other parts of the world. Leucinodes orbonalis is the key pest infesting eggplant, with international importance as it causes heavy damage in all eggplant growing areas. It is very difficult to control this pest since it feeds inside the shoot and fruit, and there is every possibility of toxic residues remaining in the fruits as they are harvested at frequent intervals and are consumed after little cooking. In the sub-himalayan region of West Bengal, India the pest was found to be most active during summer and the rainy season, particularly during May–August, and caused 49.5–81.0% damage to fruits. Peak infestation (81.0% fruit damage) was noticed in the first week of June (22nd standard week), when the mean temperature, mean relative humidity and weekly rainfall were 27.8°C, 79.2% and 81.2 mm respectively. The pest became less active during winter months particularly in December–January. Borer infestation showed a significant positive correlation (P = 0.05) with maximum and mean temperature, minimum and mean relative humidity and rainfall, whereas with maximum relative humidity the correlation was negative but non-significant. The insecticides evaluated in the field for L. orbonalis control on eggplant revealed that avermectin (Vertimec 1.9 EC; 0.5 ml/l) was the most effective in suppressing dead heart caused by the pest, closely followed by Beauveria bassiana (Biorin 107 conidia/ml; 1 ml/l) and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Biolep 5 × 107 spores/ml; 1 g/l). Significantly lower levels of fruit damage were recorded after avermectin treatment, closely followed by DDVP (0.05%) (Nuvan 76 SL; 2 ml/3 l) when compared with the untreated control. The other insecticides tested, including a neem formulation (Neemactin 0.15 EC; 2.5 ml/l) and malathion (0.05%) (Malathion 50 EC; 1.0 ml/l), were less effective. None of the insecticides evaluated produced satisfactory results against L. orbonalis. However, avermectin, besides being environmentally safe, was effective for a longer duration and could thus be recommended for Integrated Pest Management programmes on eggplant.     

茄子渗透脱水及渗后干燥的研究

本文对茄子进行了不同厚度下的高浓度糖盐溶液(60％重量比浓度)中浸泡试验,得出其失重率随时间变化的失重曲线;过30h改成热风干燥,得出其干燥曲线;并与未渗直接干燥的物料相比较,在相同安全贮藏水分活度α_w=0。7下,节省干燥时间约一半;讨论了厚度对渗透脱水及渗后干燥的影响,渗液浓度对渗透脱水的影响以及水分活度对安全贮藏的影响。     

茄子新品种晋紫长茄的选育

晋紫长茄是以临猗紫长茄经多代自交选育的自交系104-126-43-18为母本,以柳林长茄经多代自交选育的自交系237-9-27-11为父本配制而成的一代杂种。植株直立,生长势强,结果能力强;果实长筒形,果皮鲜紫光亮,果肉白色,肉质细嫩松软,口感好,单果质量500g左右;中早熟,从开花到采收15~20d(天),每667m2产量5000kg左右;对黄萎病的抗性强于对照短把黑。适合春夏季露地栽培。     

茄子单性结实候选基因的表达分析

对茄子单性结实抑制差减文库中的1 248个差异表达unigenes在GeneBank数据库中进行BLAST比对分析,结果表明1 109个unigenes具有同源序列,其编码的蛋白包括甲硫氨酸亚砜还原酶、MADS-box转录因子、组蛋白和隐花色素等,涉及到果实发育的多个方面,139个unigenes没有同源序列,可能为新基因。利用荧光定量PCR研究10个差异表达unigenes在茄子单性结实果实和非单性结实果实发育过程中的表达模式,分析表明,在低温条件下,unigenes Z569和Z707在单性结实果实发育中特异表达,可能与单性结实果实的形成有关,可作为研究单性结实的候选基因。     

茄子新品种青茄2号的选育

青茄2号是以H2005-8-4-3为母本,以X2005-1-7-9为父本选育的茄子一代杂种。中晚熟,始花节位为第7~8节,生育期171d(天)左右;果实卵圆形,纵径17.6cm,横径11.3cm,果皮绿色,果面光滑,单果质量为0.49kg,平均每667m2产量可达5000kg。田间对黄萎病、青枯病、绵疫病和病毒病的抗性与对照新乡糙青茄相当。适于河南省平顶山、漯河、郑州、驻马店、信阳以及各地喜好绿茄地区栽培。     

湖北省茄子品种抗褐纹病鉴定

收集了目前湖北省市场上销售的34个茄子品种,采用室内离体茄果人工接种的方法,鉴定了这些品种对茄子褐纹病的抗性水平。结果显示:从34个茄子材料中鉴定出免疫品种8个,高抗品种4个,抗病品种2个,中抗品种2个,感病品种18个,说明湖北市场上推广种植的茄子品种50%以上为感褐纹病品种。     

茄子新品种驻茄15号的选育

驻茄15 号是以自交系P04-11 为母本，以高代自交系驻Q-25 为父本配制而成的中早熟绿茄一代杂种。植株生长势强，果实卵圆形，纵径15.0 cm 左右，横径10.6 cm 左右，平均单果质量0.52 kg，果皮绿色、光亮，肉质硬度中等，商品性好，一般每667 m² 前期产量1 100 kg 左右，总产量5 300 kg 左右，田间对青枯病、绵疫病、黄萎病的抗性强于对照郑研早青茄，适宜河南省及周边省份春、秋设施及露地栽培。     

茄子新品种湘杂早红的选育

以南县紫圆茄的自交系92147为母本，陕西汉中紫茄的自交系96267为父本配制成一代杂种湘杂早红。从定植到始收约35d（天），果实紫红色，卵圆形，果肉白色，肉质细嫩，单果质量250g左右。对青枯病和绵疫病的抗性比湘早茄强。每667m^2产量3000—4500kg，适合春栽。     

茄子耐热性遗传表现

 采用4 份耐热性不同的茄子亲本半轮配法配制4 ×4 双列杂交, 对P₁ 、P₂ 、F₁ 、F₂ 、BC₁ 等5 个世代四叶期幼苗在温室内进行高温(平均昼/ 夜温度38. 8/ 24. 2 ℃) 处理, 同期田间栽培(平均昼/ 夜温度34. 4/ 22. 6 ℃) 。采用Hayman’s 法分析苗期耐热指数和成株期坐果率的调查数据, 表明, 茄子耐热性为不完全显性遗传, 受两对以上基因控制, 符合加性—显性模型, 其中加性效应占更主要成分。据此提出了耐热性选择方法。