西部食用豆产业发展战略研究

西部地区是食用豆的主产区和优势产区,西部发展食用豆产业具有明显的地域优势、生产优势、品质优势、市场优势和价格优势。通过分析我国西部地区食用豆产业发展中存在的问题,如认识不足、科研经费匮乏、基础性研究薄弱、种植分散、产业化体系不健全、信息不畅等,指出需要制定优惠政策、建立优质食用豆生产基地、提高品牌效应、注重产后开发、发展新型农业栽培理念,以保障我国食用豆产业健康发展。     

微生物对蒽醌类染料废水脱色的研究进展

蒽醌类染料已经成为目前比较重要的一种染料,但其成分复杂,有毒性,给废水处理带来一定难度。阐述了对蒽醌类染料具有脱色作用的细菌和真菌的种类与脱色机理,以及这些微生物在废水处理中的应用前景。     

Three edible wild mushrooms from Nigeria: Their proximate and mineral composition

The pilei (caps) and the stipes (stalks) of the button and early open-cap (cup) stages ofLentinus subnudus, Psathyrella atroumbonata andTermitomyces striatus were assayed separately for their proximate and mineral composition. The differences observed in the contents of some of the proximate components seem to be related to species and mushroom parts.P. atroumbonata was richest in crude and true protein,L. subnudus was richer in crude fiber, ash and carbohydrates. Mineral contents appeared to be dependent on type and parts of the mushrooms analysed. The three mushrooms were good sources of magnesium, zinc and iron.L. subnudus contained between 14.83 and 20.00 ppm of iron,P. atroumbonata contained between 20.01 and 22.09 ppm andT. striatus contained between 17.13 and 22.93 ppm of iron. The pilei ofP. atroumbonata andT. striatus are very good sources of zinc. Zinc contents for the pilei ofP. atroumbonata were 63.81 and 64.94 ppm respectively. Zinc contents forT. striatus were 90.45 and 92.49 ppm respectively.     

土壤微生物对棕壤不同容重的响应

以棕壤为试验材料,通过盆栽的方法研究采自不同土层土样及不同容重土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌在玉米不同生育期的变化规律。结果表明,耕层与梨底层土样都是随着玉米生长发育,真菌、细菌、放线菌的数量逐渐增多,在吐丝期达到最大,然后逐渐下降;细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量随土层深度及容重增加逐渐减少;耕层土样中3种菌在对应时间与层次比梨底层土样显著偏高(P<0.01),梨底层土样在不同层次变异较小。     

轮作和连作田大豆胞囊线虫胞囊上真菌定殖动态

研究沈阳市汪家乡连作6年和轮作大豆田中胞囊数量以及大豆不同生长期胞囊上定殖真菌的种群及数量变化.结果表明:在整个大豆生长期中,不饱满胞囊量高于饱满胞囊量.连作田中胞囊总量、不饱满胞囊世高于轮作田.从胞囊上分离列的真菌以镰孢菌居多,在大豆不同生长时期镰孢菌属的分离频率不同,其中潦孢镰菌Fu-sarium.oxysporum为优势利,且连作田中数量多于轮作田;除镰孢菌属真菌外,轮作田中胞囊上分离到的青霉属和粘帚霉属真菌数量最多,还分离到毛霉属、毛壳菌属和拟青霉属;而连作用中胞囊上分离到的真菌中粘帚霉属数量最多,其他各属真菌的数量都很少,其中轮枝菌属和腐质霉属存轮作用胞囊上未分离到.镰孢菌的定殖数量与胞囊的饱满程度有关,而青霉、粘帚霉和拟青霉等其他真菌种群也影响到胞囊的饱满程度.     

Content of Nutrient and Antinutrient in Edible Flowers of Wild Plants in Mexico

Nutrient and antinutritional/toxic factors present in some edible flowers consumed in Mexico were determined. The edible flowers were: Agave salmiana, Aloe vera, Arbutus xalapensis, Cucurbita pepo (cultivated), Erythrina americana, Erythrina caribaea, Euphorbia radians benth and Yucca filifera. The nutrient content in the flowers studied is similar to that of the edible leaves and flowers studied mainly in Africa. The moisture content of the flowers varied from 860 to 932 g kg⁻¹. Crude protein (CP) was between 113 to 275 g kg⁻¹ DM, crude fiber, 104 to 177 g kg⁻¹ DM and the nitrogen free extract, between 425 to 667 g kg⁻¹ DM. The highest chemical score (CS) was found in E. americana and A. salmiana; in five samples the limiting amino acid was lysine, and in three of them it was tryptophan. Trypsin inhibitors and hemaglutinnins had a very low concentration. Alkaloids were present in both the Erythrina species and the saponins in A. salmiana and Y. filifera. Cyanogenic glucosides were not found in the studied flowers. The traditional process of preparing these specific flowers before consumption is by cooking them and discarding the broth; in this way the toxic substances are diminished or eliminated. These edible flowers from wild plants consumed in local areas of the country play an important role in the diet of the people at least during the short time of the season where they are blooming.     

真菌蛋白的提取及其对玉米病害的抗性诱导

以4种病原真菌为材料,提取其蛋白进行试验,比较了蛋白对玉米大斑病和玉米锈病的抗性作用。结果表明:烟草赤星病的病原菌链格孢属链格孢菌Alternariaalternata(Fries)keissler的提取蛋白对两种病害的抗性都极其显著,很好的应用前景和开发价值。     

5年生种植人参对成年大鼠心功能和血流动力学的影响

目的观察5年生种植人参食用对成年大鼠心功能和血流动力学的影响,探讨人参食用对机体心血管系统功能的调节作用。方法正常成年Wistar大鼠随机分为10组,即:对照组,5年生种植人参原粉小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,5年生种植人参水提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,5年生种植人参醇提物小、中、大剂量(0.25、0.5、1.0g生药/kg)组,每组14只。各组大鼠连续灌胃给药3个月,观察心功能和血流动力学变化。结果与对照组比较,人参原粉和人参醇提物可使正常成年大鼠动脉收缩压(SBP)、左室收缩压(LVSP)、左心室内压最大上升和下降速率(±dp/dtmax)均明显增高(P0.05或P0.01),对舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)及心率(HR)均无明显影响(P0.05)。人参水提物各剂量组对SBP、DBP、MAP、LVSP、±dp/dtmax、LVEDP及HR均无明显影响(P0.05)。结论人参原粉和人参醇提物对正常成年大鼠具有明显的正性肌力(强心)作用,人参水提物对正常成年大鼠的血压及心脏心收缩和舒张功能均无增强或降低作用。     

一种简易有效的提取真菌DNA化学改良方法

[目的]探索适合真菌基因组DNA提取的有效方法。[方法]以酵母茵（Hansenula sp.HS07A）和青霉菌（Penicillium sp.HS07）为供试菌株,分别采用煮沸裂解法、石英砂研磨法、研磨和反复研磨冻融法和化学改良法提取其基因组DNA,比较这4种方法的提取效果。[结果]化学改良法提取基因组DNA,除去了机械破壁过程,减少了机械力对DNA造成的破坏,运用阴离子去污剂SIB提取DNA安全、价廉,能有效、完整地提取高质量的基因组DNA,凝胶电泳条带清晰、无弥散,以此基因组DNA作为目的片段的PCR扩增模板,扩增效果优于改良前的方法,并且这种方法也适合多种真菌和细菌基因组DNA的提取。[结论]化学改良法是提取真菌基因组DNA的有效方法。     

科技信息在我国食用油产业发展中的作用

讨论了我国食用油产业的发展现状,分析了国际4大粮商渗入我国食用油产业的轨迹,阐述了科技信息在我国食用油产业发展中的作用.