Allelopathic effect of leaf debris, leaf aqueous extract and rhizosphere soil of Ophiopogon japonicus Ker-Gawler on the growth of plants

Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic potential of dwarf lily turf ( Ophiopogon japonicus Ker-Gawler) on lettuce, alfalfa, timothy and mustard plant growth. Dry leaf debris, aqueous extract of fresh leaves and O. japonicus grown soil were investigated. Emergence, dry weight, and root and shoot length of all bioassay species were inhibited when grown in soil incorporated with oven-dried leaves of O. japonicus. The inhibitory effects were often dependent on the concentration. However, the degree of inhibition varied among the test plant species. The aqueous leaf extract was highly phytotoxic and it significantly reduced germination, seedling growth, and the fresh weight of all the test species at all rates. The emergence and growth of all four tested plants were severely inhibited when planted in O. japonicus contaminated soil. These results indicate that O. japonicus incorporated leaf debris, leaf aqueous extract and its rhizosphere soil suppress seed germination, radicle growth, seedling emergence and seeding growth of certain weeds and suggest that these responses were attributed to an allelopathic effect.     

陇东地区黄花菜的气候适应性分析及其种植分区

通过 1986～ 1989年甘肃庆阳地区气象局西峰农业气象试验站试验田黄花菜栽培试验 ,分析了黄花菜气候适应性 ,探讨了采蕾期持续时间等产量要素与水分条件的关系 ,分析了气象条件对日采摘量的影响 ,确定了其生态气候主导指标 ,依此对陇东黄花菜种植进行分区。     

细叶百合组培继代培养与生根移栽的研究

为建立细叶百合离体快繁的再生体系,对细叶百合组培苗的继代培养、生根培养及移栽条件进行了研究。结果表明:继代培养在MS 6-BA 2.0 mg/L NAA0.1 mg/L上培养基上鳞茎的增殖系数为6.95,且苗粗壮、长势良好;生根培养在1/2MS IBA 0.5 mg/L生根最快,生根率达100%,根粗壮,平均每个小鳞茎生根8.77条,平均根长为2.85 cm,苗长势较好;移栽基质以泥炭土效果最好。     

OT百合新品种‘金门’

‘金门’百合是以OT 百合‘T11’为母本,‘D74’为父本,经过切割柱头授粉结合胚挽救技术获得的OT 百合杂种系切花新品种。花瓣黄色,花瓣中下部深黄色,花梗开张角度适中,花序紧凑,植株茎杆粗壮,直立性良好。生长势较强,具有较强耐热性,对盐碱土壤有一定耐受力,适种地区广泛。     

百合在NaHCO3胁迫下的生理响应机制

比较了耐盐碱的岷江百合（Lilium regale Wilson）和对盐碱敏感的东方百合‘索邦’（‘Sorbonne’）在不同浓度的碱性盐NaHCO₃胁迫下叶片的渗透调节物质、活性氧清除物质、离子调节物质（Na⁺、K⁺）及有机酸含量的变化,探讨百合耐盐碱的生理机制。研究发现,两种百合叶片中各种物质的变化趋势基本相似,但整体上岷江百合的各种物质含量或者活性均高于‘索邦’。随着NaHCO₃胁迫浓度的增加,两种百合叶片中的可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量增加,可溶性糖含量先升后降;SOD、GR的活性和AsA的含量先上升后下降,APX的活性和GSH的含量在低浓度胁迫时无明显变化,高浓度胁迫时显著下降;‘索邦’Na⁺主要积累在成熟叶和新生叶中,岷江百合则主要积累在茎和成熟叶中,且能维持根、成熟叶和新生叶中较高水平的K⁺/Na⁺值;岷江百合中的草酸、乳酸和乙酸含量都一直增加或高于对照,‘索邦’中的苹果酸和乙酸含量一直增加。与‘索邦’相比,岷江百合在低浓度NaHCO₃胁迫下提高SOD活性和AsA含量,高浓度NaHCO₃胁迫下增加可溶性蛋白的含量并保持可溶性糖的稳定性,是其耐盐碱性较强的原因之一。     

不同百合品种二代种球栽培性状的评价

为利用昂贵的种球,降低生产成本,进行百合二代种球露地栽培试验及园林应用方面的研究,尝试为今后热带地区百合的种植提供技术指导。比较了1个东方系列百合阿克迪瓦、5个OT系列百合卡迪娜、西安、木门、多纳托、白色表达等6个品种的二代球在热带地区生产切花的栽培性状,筛选适宜热带地区重复利用的百合品种。结果表明：6个百合品种的二代种球种植后,生物学特征表现较大的差异,卡迪娜和西安具有花大色艳、植株高且整齐、花头数多和花期长等优点,其观赏价值和品种适应性明显优于其他品种。一代球周径越大,进行切花生产后收获的二代球越好,     

Insecticidal Activity and Insect Repellency of Four Species of Sea Lily (Comatulida: Comatulidae) From Taiwan

The methanol and ethyl acetate (EA) extracts of four species of sea lily (Himerometra magnipinna, Comaster multifidus, Comanthina sp., and Comatella maculata) were evaluated for their insecticidal activity against Yellow-fever mosquito larvae (Aedes aegypti) and their repellency against adult Asian Tiger mosquitoes (Aedes albopictus). The 24-hr minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) data revealed that the extracts from H. magnipinna and the C. maculata were the most active, killing mosquito larvae at 12.5 ppm. The toxicity of the extracts from these four sea lilies in descending order was H. magnipinna (12.5 ppm), C. maculata (12.5 ppm), C. multifidus (100 ppm), and Comanthina sp. (200 ppm). Furthermore, no significant difference in toxicity was found using either EA or methanol as the extraction solvent. The MIC at 12.5 ppm is promising as an insecticide lead. The repellency study results show that EA is a better solvent for one species (H. magnipinna), but the methanol is a better solvent overall. The repellency of these sea lily extracts in descending order was Comanthina sp. MeOH (ED₅₀ at 0.32%), followed by H. magnipinna EA (ED₅₀ at 0.38%), C. multifidus MeOH (ED₅₀ at 0.57%), C. maculata MeOH (ED₅₀ at 0.76%), C. multifidus EA (ED₅₀ at 1.25%), and H. magnipinna MeOH (ED₅₀ at 1.67%). A compound with ED₅₀ <0.5% is considered to be a promising repellant. Among the studied sea lilies, both Comanthina sp. and H. magnipinna have potential to be further developed as mosquito control agents due to their favorable toxicity and repellency.     

不同百合品种二代种球栽培性状的评价

为利用昂贵的种球,降低生产成本,进行百合二代种球露地栽培试验及园林应用方面的研究,尝试为今后热带地区百合的种植提供技术指导。比较了1个东方系列百合阿克迪瓦、5个OT系列百合卡迪娜、西安、木门、多纳托、白色表达等6个品种的二代球在热带地区生产切花的栽培性状,筛选适宜热带地区重复利用的百合品种。结果表明:6个百合品种的二代种球种植后,生物学特征表现较大的差异,卡迪娜和西安具有花大色艳、植株高且整齐、花头数多和花期长等优点,其观赏价值和品种适应性明显优于其他品种。一代球周径越大,进行切花生产后收获的二代球越好,生产切花的品质越高。因此,OT系列的2个品种,卡迪娜和西安二代球切花品质优良,适合热带地区重复种植。     

兰州百合产业现状与发展新思路

在介绍甘肃兰州百合产业发展历程的基础上,详细论述了兰州百合产业现状及存在问题,从政策积极扶持、加大科研开发的力度和集团化经营等方面提出了兰州百合产业发展的新思路。     

东方百合OT系列试管鳞茎的诱导与植株再生体系的建立

[目的]通过对东方百合OT系列品种康佳德奥、罗宾娜试管鳞茎的诱导,建立康佳德奥、罗宾娜的植株再生快繁体系,为进一步建立脱毒快繁体系奠定基础.[方法]采用康佳德奥、罗宾娜不同部位的外植体进行试管鳞茎的诱导,比较用不同部位的外植体诱导的难易及快慢程度,筛选适合的诱导激素、增殖激素及生根激素水平.[结果]在百合OT系列选择外植体诱导时,最好用茎尖作外植体进行诱导;由于罗宾娜、康佳德奥所含内源激素水平不同,因而增殖培养基BA最好控制在1.0～0.5 mg/L;生根激素水平罗宾娜为NAA 0.5mg/L,康佳德奥为NAA0.3 mg/L,生根率为100;,试管苗结鳞茎率大于50;;试管苗移栽在条件容允许的情况下,用山土最为适宜,成活率可达到93;以上.[结论]在百合OT系列选择外植体诱导时,最好用茎尖作外植体进行诱导;罗宾娜的增殖培养基为MS+BA0.5 mg/L+ NAA0.5 mg/L、康佳德奥的增殖培养基为MS+BA0.5 mg/L+ NAA0.1 mg/L;生根激素水平罗宾娜为NAA 0.5 mg/L,康佳德奥为NAA 0.3 mg/L,试管苗移栽最好使用山土.