接种蚯蚓与添加有机物料对茶园土壤结构的影响

蚯蚓通过取食、排泄、分泌黏液、挖掘洞穴等活动,可显著改善土壤结构,提高土壤肥力.为探究蚯蚓与有机物料不同配施方式对茶园土壤肥力的调控效果与机理,设计5个处理组:不施肥(CK),不施肥+蚯蚓(BE),菜籽饼+蚯蚓(CE),茶树修剪物+蚯蚓(JE),生物质炭+蚯蚓(TE),分别进行室内模拟实验.结果显示,与不施肥(CK)相...     

土著菌群与蚯蚓肠道菌群共享核心物种协同抵御灭蚁灵胁迫研究

采集实际场地中不同浓度梯度(0～27.7 mg/kg)灭蚁灵污染土壤,设置蚯蚓土培试验,采用高通量测序技术,分析蚯蚓肠道菌群和土著菌群的结构和功能;通过MetagenomeSeq分析、LEfSe(linear discriminant analysis effect size)分析和随机森林(random forest...     

Reconstructing mole tunnels using frequency-domain ground penetrating radar

The European mole (Talpa europaea L.) inhabits an underground tunnel system whereby the density, extent and condition of the subsurface tunnels are indicative of its activity. Currently, no survey method was able to reveal the spatial extent and condition of the mole's tunnel network. Frequency-domain ground penetrating radar (GPR) was evaluated on its potential to image these shallow tunnel systems. This technique allows for a non-invasive, high-resolution mapping of the subsurface. We examined the effectiveness of this GPR system for delineating the mole's tunnel network. The integration of different depth slices allowed a detailed overview of the tunnel system. Automatic feature recognition on these GPR images was proven valuable for the detection and representation of the mole tunnels. The GPR survey proved successful in mapping the mole's tunnel network, which facilitates the interpretation and characterization of the mole's living environment. This can be linked to the occurrence of earthworms, as the principle food source of the moles, which regulate important ecosystem processes within the soil. This offers new perspectives for the understanding of the mole's habitat.     

蚯蚓的化学成分与应用价值研究进展

综述了蚯蚓的化学成分及应用价值,旨在为蚯蚓的综合开发利用提供依据。     

Ecological implications of motor oil pollution: Earthworm survival and soil health

The nontarget effects of fresh and used motor oil were studied in a soil test system involving such criteria as earthworm survival, response of soil dehydrogenase and urease, and nitrification. When earthworms were exposed to motor oil-contaminated soil for 4 weeks, the observed median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) were 40.33 and 3.88 g kg⁻¹ soil for fresh and used oil, respectively. Only fresh motor oil application increased earthworms' body weight even at the higher dose of 19 g kg⁻¹ soil. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed that used motor oil contained more of aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals than fresh oil. This disparity in the chemical composition might be the factor responsible for the significant toxicity of used motor oil towards earthworms. Activities of soil dehydrogenase and urease were significantly enhanced in presence of both the motor oils, while there was a significant inhibition in nitrification by the used motor oil even at a low concentration of 0.2 g kg⁻¹ soil. This study clearly demonstrated that earthworm survival and nitrification could serve as suitable indices to assess motor oil pollution in soil.     

蚯蚓堆肥和蚯蚓发酵液体肥在设施葡萄上应用研究

以设施栽培的‘红地球’葡萄为试验材料,采用单因素完全随机设计,研究了蚯蚓堆肥与蚯蚓发酵液体肥对葡萄叶片光合能力、植株生长情况、土壤状况和果实品质及产量的影响。结果表明：利用蚯蚓堆肥与蚯蚓发酵液体肥,提高叶绿素相对含量与净光合速率11.12%、15.31%,促进葡萄的生长,提高叶片面积、茎粗和新稍生长量7.58%、6.42%、18.86%,开花期促进茎叶磷素的吸收,成熟期促进茎叶钾素的吸收;改善土壤理化性质,降低土壤容重30.43%,显著增加总孔隙度8.63%,增加土壤EC值38.23%,pH值降低8.32%,提高速效氮、磷、钾10.56%、11.11%、12.67%,提升有机质3.15 g?kg-1;活化土壤微生物,提高脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶66.86%、54.60%、82.03%,细菌、放线菌、真菌数量是对照的3.20倍、0.43倍、3.28倍,提高微生物碳氮14.98%、20.23%,增加可溶性蛋白、Vc、可溶性固形物、糖酸比24.31%、9.74%、5.49%、23.46%,降低可滴定酸13.51%;产量增加了21.73%,并土壤理化性质以及土壤微生物关系密切。     

Correlation between earthworms and plant litter decomposition in a tropical wet forest of Puerto Rico

Earthworms are recognized to play an important role in the decomposition of organic materials. To test the use of earthworms as an indicator of plant litter decomposition, we examined the abundance and biomass of earthworms in relation to plant litter decomposition in a tropical wet forest of Puerto Rico. We collected earthworms at 0–0.1 m and 0.1–0.25 m soil depths from upland and riparian sites that represent the natural variation in soils and decomposition rates within the forest. Earthworms were hand-sorted and weighed for both fresh and dry biomass. Earthworms were dominated by the exotic endogeic species Pontoscolex corethrurus Müller; they were more abundant, and had higher biomasses in the upland than in riparian sites of the forest. Plant leaf litter decomposed faster in the upland than riparian sites. We found that earthworm abundance in the upper 0.1 m of the soil profile positively correlated with decomposition rate of plant leaf litter. Ground litter removal had no effect on the abundance or biomass of endogeic earthworms. Our data suggest that earthworms can be used to predict decomposition rates of plant litter in the tropical wet forest, and that the decomposition of aboveground plant litter has little influence on the abundance and biomass of endogeic earthworms.     

Earthworm populations and growth rates related to long-term crop residue and tillage management

Conventional tillage creates soil physical conditions that may restrict earthworm movement and accelerate crop residue decomposition, thus reducing the food supply for earthworms. These negative impacts may be alleviated by retaining crop residues in agroecosystems. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of various tillage and crop residue management practices on earthworm populations in the field and earthworm growth under controlled conditions. Population assessments were conducted at two long-term (15+ years) experimental sites in Québec, Canada with three tillage systems: moldboard plow/disk harrow (CT), chisel plow or disk harrow (RT) and no tillage (NT), as well as two levels of crop residue inputs (high and low). Earthworm growth was assessed in intact soil cores from both sites. In the field, earthworm populations and biomass were greater with long-term NT than CT and RT practices, but not affected by crop residue management. Laboratory growth rates of Aporrectodea turgida (Eisen) in intact soil cores were affected by tillage and residue inputs, and were positively correlated with the soil organic C pool, suggesting that tillage and residue management practices that increase the soil organic C pool provide more organic substrates for earthworm growth. The highest earthworm growth rates were in soils from RT plots with high residue input, which differed from the response of earthworm populations to tillage and residue management treatments in the field. Our results suggest that tillage-induced disturbance probably has a greater impact than food availability on earthworm populations in cool, humid agroecosystems.     

蚯蚓与植物联合去除猪粪中的Cu,Zn污染研究

由于饲料添加剂的使用,畜禽粪便中的重金属污染已非常普遍,尤其是Cu,Zn污染最为显著。为此,利用蚯蚓对腐熟猪粪进行处理,再通过植物对蚓粪中Cu,Zn吸收的方法,进行了消除猪粪中重金属的研究。结果表明,蚯蚓对猪粪Zn有较强的吸收能力,富集系数为1.43;而对Cu的吸收能力相对较弱,富集系数为0.61。植物对Cu,Zn的吸收贡献不大,但可以作为饲料返回到动物体内,从而减少饲料添加剂中Cu,Zn的含量。通过蚯蚓与植物的联合处理,能有效地降低腐熟猪粪中Cu,Zn的含量。     

沼液在蚯蚓养殖中的资源化应用效果研究

为确定在蚯蚓规模养殖中使用沼液作保湿水对蚯蚓生长的影响,用赤子爱胜蚓作试验种,在经有效微生物(EM)处理过的牛粪养殖床(75m2)中进行试验,每隔5m交替投加沼液,每次施加量约为5 m3,间隔时间为7d,并设投加清水为对照组.结果表明,在1个月的试验期后,与施用清水比较,沼液的添加对蚯蚓生长有促进作用,使蚯蚓质量增加1...