高海拔冷凉区西芹高效栽培技术研究

在甘肃河西走廊沿祁连山高海拔冷凉气候区开展西芹种植密度、节水灌溉及有机肥施用技术研究。结果表明:该区域西芹最佳种植密度为7 411株/667m2,垄植沟灌,垄面宽40cm、垄沟宽20cm、每垄种2行、株距30cm。应用隔沟交替灌溉(灌水量为正常灌水量的80%)对西芹的生长和产量无显著影响,水分利用率为75.1kg/m3,较对照增加16.0%。配施矿物质有机肥可以显著降低西芹硝酸盐含量,提高单重和产量,增加效益;在当地最佳施肥水平下减量10%并配施矿物质有机肥150kg/667m2与当地最佳施肥水平处理的西芹产量没有显著性差异。     

春保护地耐抽薹芹菜新品种‘优文图斯’

 ‘优文图斯’芹菜是从耐抽薹材料S80和优质材料S53的杂交后代中经过分离纯化、多代选育而成的耐抽薹优良新品种。植株紧凑直立,株高80.4 cm,叶片绿色,第一节叶柄较长,叶柄厚1.0 cm,浅绿色,有光泽,实心,横断面近圆形,质地脆嫩。耐抽薹性显著优于对照‘圣地亚哥’,定植后70 d可收获。单株质量805 g,平均产量129 t · hm^-2。适宜华北、西北和东北等北方地区早春各种棚室保护地栽培。     

Soil Nitrogen Distribution and Plant Nitrogen Utilization in Direct-Seeded Rice in Response to Deep Placement of Basal Fertilizer-Nitrogen

Deep placement of controlled-release fertilizer increases nitrogen(N) use efficiency in rice planting but is expensive. Few studies on direct-seeded rice have examined the effects of deep placement of conventional fertilizer. With prilled urea serving as N fertilizer, a two-year field experiment with two N rates(120 and 195 kg/hm~2) and four basal N application treatments(B50, all fertilizer was broadcast with 50% as basal N; D50, D70 and D100 corresponded to 50%, 70% and 100% of N deeply placed as basal N, respectively) were conducted in direct-seeded rice in 2013 and 2014. Soil N distribution and plant N uptake were analyzed. The results showed that deep placement of basal N significantly increased total N concentrations in soil. Significantly greater soil N concentrations were observed in D100 compared with B50 at 0, 6 and 12 cm(lateral distance) from the fertilizer application point both at mid-tillering and heading stages. D100 presented the highest values of dry matter and N accumulation from seeding to mid-tillering stages, but it presented the lowest values from heading to maturity stages and the lowest grain yield for no sufficient N supply at the reproductive stage. The grain yield of D50 was the highest, however, no significant difference was observed in grain yield, N agronomic efficiency or N recovery efficiency between D70 and D50, or between D70 and B50, while D70 was more labor saving than D50 for only one topdressing was applied in D70 compared with twice in other treatments. The above results indicated that 70% of fertilizer-N deeply placed as a basal fertilizer and 30% of fertilizer-N topdressed as a panicle fertilizer constituted an ideal approach for direct-seeded rice. This recommendation was further verified through on-farm demonstration experiments in 2015, in which D70 produced in similar grain yields as B50 did.     

Biological filtration properties of selected herbs in an aquaponic system

This study was conducted to determine the biological filtration capabilities of some culinary herbs co‐cultured with lemon fin barb hybrid in a nutrient film technique (NFT) recirculating aquaponic system. Lemon fin barb hybrid (Hypsibarbus wetmorei ♂ × Barbonymus gonionotus ♀) fingerlings were stocked in twelve 2‐tonne fibreglass tanks at 25 fish per tank and co‐cultured with Chinese celery (Apium graveolens var. secalinum Alef.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum) and peppermint (Mentha × piperita) for seven weeks. The impacts of the waste generated by the fish on the water quality, the filtration capability of the herbs and the ability of fish and herbs to retain nutrients (NPK) were also estimated. All the herbs showed water purifying potentials to varying degrees as significantly lower levels of nitrogenous compounds (NH₃‐N, NO₃‐N, NO₂‐N) were observed after the herbal filtration. The plant growth seemed to be affected by their ability to absorb nutrients and consequently purify the culture medium. Interestingly, the lemon fin barb hybrid also showed significant differences in terms of weight gain, but the nutrient retention among fish treatments was not statistically different. The plants absorbed less phosphorus and potassium than the fish. After computing for the total system percentage of NPK recovered, nitrogen was the most retained nutrient. The peppermint showed superiority in terms of gross biomass and water purifying potential compared to the Chinese celery and coriander.     

Apium graveolens PI 181714 is a source of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii race 4 in celery (A. graveolens var. dulce)

Celery has little genetic diversity and is highly susceptible to the new fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii (Foa) race 4. After screening an Apium graveolens germplasm collection for resistance to Foa race 4, we crossed celery cv. 'Challenger', which is Foa race 2-resistant but Foa race 4-susceptible and A. graveolens PI 181714, which is Foa races 2- and 4-resistant but non-celery type. After selfing F₁s, we screened the F₁S₁ for race 4-resistance and celery-type and then selfed selected F₁S₁. Greenhouse and field trials indicate that three selected F₁S₂ families (76–8-4, 76–8-27 and 76–8-36) are suitable as germplasm for celery breeders for resistance to Foa race 4. A F1S3 76–8–36-124 is either fixed or nearly so for resistance to Foa races 4 and 2. Furthermore, quantitative PCR indicates that PI 181714 is resistant, rather than tolerant, to Foa races 4 and 2, and that this resistance has been introgressed into F1S3 76–8–36-124.     

水氮耦合对直播早籼稻苗期低温冷害的调控效应

为探究水氮耦合对直播早籼稻苗期低温冷害的调控作用,以耐冷品种湘早籼6号和冷敏感品种中嘉早17为供试材料,设置适温不施氮（CK）、低温不施氮（LT-0N）、低温低氮（LT-LN）、低温高氮（LT-HN）、低温淹水不施氮（LTF-0N）、低温淹水低氮（LTF-LN）和低温淹水高氮（LTF-HN）7个处理,处理5d,分析秧苗农艺性状、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质、氮代谢相关酶与光合酶活性、内源激素含量等生理生态特性。结果表明,水氮耦合可缓解低温冷害对直播早籼稻造成的伤害。与LT-LN处理相比,LT-HN处理5d后冷敏感品种中嘉早17的苗高、根数、最大根长、鲜重、干重、顶部第1和第3片叶长显著增加;与LTF-0N处理相比,LTF-LN和LTF-HN处理5d后,不同耐性品种的根数、根长、鲜重和顶部第3片叶长显著增加,LTF-LN处理的根数和鲜重高于LTF-HN处理。与LT-0N处理相比,LT-HN和LTF-LN处理显著增加冷敏感品种中嘉早17叶片氮代谢相关酶和光合酶活性、硝态氮、叶绿素和内源生长促进类激素含量,但降低了叶片抗氧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白、渗透调节物质和内源生长抑制类激素含量,高氮和淹水低...     

芹菜发酵液对小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的保护作用研究

本试验旨在研究发酵前后芹菜汁的主要功能成分变化和芹菜发酵液对葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎（UC）的防治及免疫调节作用。选取50只4周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组及低、中、高浓度芹菜发酵液组,每组10只。按10 μL/g BW的剂量标准给空白组和模型组小鼠灌胃无菌生理盐水,其他组小鼠则灌胃不同浓度的芹菜发酵液,持续7 d。从第8天开始,除空白组自由饮用无菌水外,其余组连续7 d自由饮用3% DSS溶液;在此过程,每日称量体重,进行疾病活动指数（DAI）评分。在第14天,通过摘眼球取血法获得全血,随后脱颈处死小鼠,解剖取出结肠组织测量长度并通过苏木素-伊红（HE）染色法制作病理切片,进行病理学分析。以流式细胞仪分选技术检测外周血中CD4⁺/CD8⁺T淋巴细胞比值,以酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）和IL-10的含量。结果表明：①芹菜汁经发酵后,总酸、总糖、总多酚、类黄酮、维生素C和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）等多种活性成分的含量均显著增加（P<0.05）。②与模型组相比,芹菜发酵液高浓度组能减少DSS引起的小鼠体重损失（P<0.01）、结肠缩短（P<0.01）和DAI降低（P<0.05）。③组织病理学分析结果表明,各发酵液组的UC症状均得到不同程度改善,肠腺结构相对完整,杯状细胞轻微减少,仅有少量淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞浸入。④流式细胞仪分析结果显示,相较于模型组,发酵液组全血CD4⁺/CD8⁺T淋巴细胞比值极显著升高（P<0.01）。⑤ELISA检测结果显示,与模型组相比,芹菜发酵液组的IL-6、TNF-α和IFN-γ含量极显著下调（P<0.01）,IL-10的含量极显著上调（P<0.01）。综上,芹菜汁经发酵后主要功能活性成分均得到显著提高,并且发酵芹菜液对DSS诱导的小鼠UC具有一定的防治和免疫调节作用,其作用机制可能与维持外周血中CD4⁺与CD8⁺T淋巴细胞平衡,以及抑制促炎症因子（TNF-α、IL-6和IFN-γ）表达,促进抗炎症因子（IL-10）表达有关。     

铬在芹菜中的累积、亚细胞分布及化学形态分析

采用盆栽试验,研究了Cr6+处理对美国西芹和日本西芹铬总累积量及器官中铬亚细胞分布和化学形态的影响。结果表明,对照处理（0mg·kg-1 Cr6+）芹菜根部和地上部铬在亚细胞中分布为：F3（可溶部分）＞F2（细胞器及膜部分）＞F1（细胞壁及残渣）;40mg·kg-1Cr6+处理为：F1＞F3＞F2,细胞壁(F1)是铬在芹菜细胞内的主要结合位点。芹菜根部和地上部铬化学形态以醋酸提取态占优势,NaCl和HCl提取态也占较大比例。60mg·kg-1Cr6+处理下2个品种芹菜地上部和根部铬含量均极显著增加（P＜001）;相同浓度铬处理下,铬含量和总积累量为：根＞叶＞茎,日本西芹各器官中铬含量和总累积量相对高于美国西芹。2个芹菜品种对铬的吸收均以根部为主要滞留器官,以细胞壁部位为主要的亚细胞分布区域,铬在芹菜体内以难溶性磷酸盐类、蛋白结合态类和草酸盐类为主要化学形态存在形式。     

不同施氮量对黄河上游地区设施芹菜产量及土壤中NO3- N残留的影响

针对宁夏灌区设施蔬菜生产中氮肥施用过量,造成土壤含盐量过高,土壤次生盐渍化加剧,进行土壤-芹菜系统的氮素单因子田间试验。结果表明,在一定范围内(0～30kg/667m2)增施氮肥,芹菜的维生素C含量提高,芹菜产量亦随施氮量增加而增加,而施氮水平高于30kg/667m2,维生素C含量会逐渐降低,产量也下降;施氮量为30kg/667m2时,芹菜维生素C含量、产量及植株氮素表观利用率均为最高;土壤硝态氮含量,一方面随着土层深度的增加,呈现显著下降的趋势;另一方面在同一土层内随着施氮量的增加,土壤中硝态氮含量逐渐增加。综合经济效益和生态效益,提出黄河上游地区设施芹菜氮素的优化目标供应值为30kg/667m2。     

超声提取-离子色谱法测定芹菜中氯量

研究了超声提取-离子色谱法测定芹菜中氯含量的方法。芹菜经超声提取20 min后,以浓度4.5 mmol/L Na₂CO₃和0.8 mmol/L NaHCO₃为淋洗液,经IonPacAG23分离测定。本方法具有快速、灵敏、准确度高,适合于芹菜中氯量的测定。