Root exudation of prometryn and its metabolites from Chinese celery (Apium graveolens)

Root exudates from Chinese celery (Apium graveolens) and Chinese cabbage (pak choi, Brassica chinensis) plants treated by prometryn, an herbicide, were qualitatively and quantitatively investigated and compared under hydroponic cultivation. Prometryn and its metabolites released into the nutrient solution were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatograph coupled with orbitrap mass spectrometer to investigate whether this xylem-mobile herbicide is exuded from the roots. The results showed that celery and pak choi had different root exudation profiles. Celery metabolized prometryn to prometryn sulfoxide and released both compounds from the roots. In contrast, pak choi barely metabolized or actively released prometryn from the roots. The concentration of prometryn sulfoxide released from celery after 96 hr was 21 µg/L, which was nearly one-third that of released prometryn. Our results indicate that the root exudation and translocation of xylem-mobile herbicides could be significant in plants and are highly species dependent compared with phloem-mobile herbicides.     

秋延迟中小棚芹菜栽培技术

中小棚秋延后芹菜是河南省蔬菜的主要栽培类型,栽培好延后的芹菜需要选用适宜品种,培育壮苗,秧苗基本达到适龄壮苗标准,应及时安排定植,覆盖草苫等不透明覆盖物后,要根据天气状况及时揭盖草苫、苇毛苫,当芹菜植株高达60.0cm以上时,可根据市场需要,选晴暖天气收获上市。     

Glasshouse and field evaluation of fungicides for the control of Septoria apiicola on celery

Propiconazole was more effective than either triadimenol or hexaconazole when applied after infection, for the control of Septoria apiicola on celery seedlings. In three out of four glasshouse experiments, 25 mg propiconazole I⁻¹ controlled S. apiicola completely when applied within 3 days after inoculation. Propiconazole and triadimenol at 5–15 mg l⁻¹ were also effective when applied 2 days after inoculation. Soil applications of a granular formulation of triadimenol (up to 20 mg per plant) controlled S. apiicola for 5 weeks on celery seedlings grown in pots and, in the field, granules at 100 mg per plant applied at planting were effective for 6 weeks. In two other field experiments the most effective treatments were foliar sprays of 25 mg propiconazole l⁻¹ applied every 7–10 days with or without the addition of anilazine or chlorothalonil.     

芹菜叶斑病病原菌细极链格孢药剂筛选

【目的】研究筛选对芹菜叶斑病(病菌为:细极链格孢Alternaria tenuissima)具有良好防治作用的药剂。【方法】采用菌丝生长速率法和琼脂片法分别用14种杀菌剂对细极链格孢(A.tenuissima)菌丝和孢子萌发做室内毒力测定并进行田间药效试验。【结果】14种杀菌剂中对病原菌菌丝抑制效果最好的分别为3%甲霜恶霉灵、5%香芹酚、10%苯醚甲环唑、其EC₅₀分别为10.8、19.9、26.2 μg/mL;对孢子萌发抑制效果最好的分别为3%甲霜恶霉灵、25%嘧菌酯、43%戊唑醇,其EC₅₀分别为15.7、29.5、38.7 μg/mL。只有3%甲霜恶霉灵具有最佳的防治效果。防效最好的药剂为3%甲霜恶霉灵和5%香芹酚,其防效分别为96.3%和83.9%。【结论】3%甲霜恶霉灵最适用于田间芹菜叶斑病的防治。     

溧阳白芹铅污染原因探析

为寻找溧阳白芹铅超标原因,探索生态修复和控制措施,溧阳市蔬菜办公室在溧阳城郊溧阳白芹基地进行了水、土、肥、产品等四大类样品的铅含量检测,对照相关标准,通过对试验区生态环境的调研和铅污染评价,认为溧阳市城郊溧阳白芹主产区的土壤、基肥、培土与否及铅富集等对溧阳白芹重金属铅污染影响不明显,灌溉水则是重金属铅污染的主因。     

油菜素内酯促进芹菜中阿维菌素和辛硫磷残留降解效果研究

为探讨油菜素内酯(BR)促进芹菜中阿维菌素和辛硫磷残留的降解效果,以芹菜为试验材料,采用QuEChERS法结合高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术,研究了阿维菌素和辛硫磷在芹菜上自然降解及油菜素内酯对其降解的影响。结果表明,喷施1.8%阿维菌素乳油,芹菜的安全采收期为21 d,半衰期为6.60 d;喷施40%辛硫磷乳油,芹菜的安全采收期为14 d,半衰期为3.04 d。BR能够有效促进阿维菌素和辛硫磷的降解,降解效果优于自然降解,且以0.1 mg·L^-1BR为最适喷施浓度,2次为最适喷施次数。阿维菌素在最适浓度0.1 mg·L^-1BR处理1次条件下半衰期为4.03 d,安全采收期为14 d,较自然降解提早7 d;最适2次BR处理下半衰期为2.11 d,安全采收期为7 d,较自然降解提早14 d。辛硫磷在最适浓度0.1 mg·L^-1 BR处理1次条件下半衰期为1.83 d,安全采收期为7 d,较自然降解提早7 d;最适2次BR处理下半衰期为1.05 d,安全采收期为7 d,较自然降解提早7 d。最佳喷施条件下,BR对辛硫磷的降解效果优于阿维菌素的降解效果。本研究可为芹菜产品农药残留水平安全控制提供科学依据,为蔬菜产品农药残留降解研究提供参考。     

芹菜农药残留监测结果分析

为了解芹菜质量安全现状,对蔬菜批发市场、农贸市场、超市销售的芹菜进行了农药甲胺磷、氧乐果等50项农药的专项抽样调查分析,共抽检芹菜样本213个,通过采用GB 2763-2012《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定,结果表明:引起芹菜农药残留超标的农药主要为毒死蜱、甲拌磷、多菌灵等,其中由这3种农药引起芹菜超标的比例占农残超标总批次的78.1%,芹菜质量安全状况还需进一步加强。     

Cytological and genetical studies of a male sterile celery

Summary The inheritance and nature fo male sterility of a cerley (Apium graveolens L.) strain (MS1) is reported. Male sterility in MS1 is determined by a a recessive genotype for a single locus. Tests for linkage with the isozyme chromosome markers SDH-1 and PGM-1 were negative. MS1 male sterility was associated with a defective tapetum characterized by prominent vacuoles and premature degeneration. The stamens in the male sterile strain persisted in the flowers up to stigma receptivity, while in the male fertile plants they dropped before style expansion. The male sterile flowers produced normal amounts of nectar, resulting in cross pollination by various species of pollinators. It was estimated that the sterile strain produced 30% less seed than normal male fertile. Its possible use for hybrid celery seed production is discussed.Research supported by grants from the California Celery Research Board and BARD I-483-82.     

Outcrossing in celery (Apium graveolens)

Summary Isozyme marker loci were used to measure outcrossing in artificial and natural populations of celery (Apium graveolens). In three separate experiments involving populations of uniform density and flowering time, outcrossing rate ranged from 47 to 87% and the mean was 71.4%. In a wild population, outcrossing was estimated at 32.4 and 53.1%, using different homozygotes as the fixed female, and the weighted mean was 49.4%. A slight correlation of outcrossing rate with population density was observed. Mean outcrossing rates estimated from departures from panmictic expectations at polymorphic isozyme loci among open-pollinated plant introductions were 67.6% (celeries), 79.8% (celeriacs), and 85.1% (smallages). Based on these results, it was concluded that celery is best described as intermediate with respect to self- and cross-pollination.     

不同有机肥料对基质培叶菜的营养效应研究

采用基质栽培试验研究了不同有机肥种类对叶类蔬菜(芹菜和生菜)硝酸盐和营养品质的效应。结果表明,在基质栽培施用无机肥的基础上,6种有机肥料降低芹菜根重和株高,除施用猪粪(PM)使芹菜显著增产(21.1%)、泥炭(PP)极显著减产(32.4%)外,其余有机肥处理的产量差异不显著;施用有机肥使生菜增产55.5%～132.7%(达极显著),其增产序列依次为稻草(RS)>鸡粪(CM)>泥炭(PP)>玉米秆(MS)>菜籽饼(RM)>猪粪(PM)。2种叶菜的硝酸盐以芹菜成倍高于生菜,在无机肥基础上施用有机肥料对芹菜硝酸盐的影响不明显,但却大幅度(39.6%～70.8%)提高生菜硝酸盐含量,降低其卫生品质。有机肥各处理对两种叶菜Vc、可溶性糖、氨基酸等营养品质的效应差异大,对芹菜以提高作用为主,而对生菜则主要表现为降低。6种有机肥中,以猪粪和菜籽饼对芹菜,猪粪和鸡粪对生菜的产量和品质效应良好。