我国水果防腐保鲜剂的使用及其检测方法

水果是我国最主要的植物源鲜活农产品之一,防腐保鲜和防腐保鲜剂对我国水果的生产、贮藏、运输与销售作用重大,是我国实现水果季节性生产和长期性供应的关键。本文从水果贮运中使用的主要防腐保鲜剂、我国允许使用的水果防腐保鲜剂、我国水果防腐保鲜剂最大残留限量以及水果防腐保鲜剂残留测定方法等4个方面,对我国水果防腐保鲜剂的使用与检测方法进行了综述,并指出水果防腐保鲜剂的合理使用和有效监管是保护消费者人体健康的关键。     

根系修剪对枳生长及相关基因表达的影响

以枳实生苗为试验材料,通过两年重复试验分析了不切除主根、切除1/3主根、切除1/2主根、切除2/3主根等4个不同水平根系修剪处理下枳实生苗生长发育、根系构型和营养吸收的情况,并检测了不同水平根系修剪处理对侧根发育关键基因表达量的影响.结果表明,切除1/2主根处理增加了枳实生苗的株高、茎粗、地上部鲜重和根系鲜重,改善了根...     

不同发展程度区域农户宅基地退出意愿的影响因素分析--以安徽省巢湖市太和村与太湖县安仓村为例

通过对安徽省两个不同经济发展程度的村落农户进行问卷调查和实地走访,得到两村农户对宅基地退出的相关意愿和影响因素数据。对比分析两村农户对宅基地退出意愿的主观影响因素,并运用多元有序 Logistic回归模型分析两村农户宅基地退出意愿的客观影响因素。研究结果表明,文化程度高低和宅基地闲置情况对两村农户宅基地退出意愿都有显著的正相关影响;家庭总人口数对经济较发达地区农户宅基地退出意愿有较显著的负向影响,在外务工或定居人数则有较显著的正向影响;宅基地面积则对经济欠发达地区农户有较显著的正向影响。针对以上结果,在完善宅基地退出机制时应着重考虑在不同经济发展程度地区的退出政策应当有不同的侧重点,对农户退出宅基地后的安置、社会保障、就业和子女教育等方面应当完善且要做好衔接,还要加强宅基地退出机制的科普和宣传力度。     

Repeated grading of weed abundance and multivariate methods to improve the efficacy of on-farm weed control trials

We evaluated whether new information could be drawn from additional data collection and unconventional statistical analyses of an on-farm trial. First, we compared a conventional sampling method using a biomass estimate of weed abundance to repeated visual assessment of the percentage ground cover of weeds. The biomass was sampled once after the treatment, whereas the ground cover was repeatedly sampled once before weed control plus several occasions after weed control. Second, we contrasted the outcomes from analysis of variance ( anova ), taking samples from a single point in time with repeated measures (rm) anova and a multivariate method. As the outcomes and conclusions drawn were relatively similar, we conclude that the ground cover estimate of weed abundance was as reliable as the biomass estimate. The rm anova enabled us to follow the temporal trend in response to treatments in the most abundant species, including possible initial differences. Multivariate analysis went even further, by clearly displaying species-wise responses and treatment selectivity.     

紫薇栽培管理技术

指出了紫薇作为城乡绿化的重要树种,适宜于庭院、园路两侧、池畔河边栽植。结合栽培管理实践,系统地总结了紫薇树的育苗、修剪和病虫害防治技术。     

Comparison of selection indices to screen lowland rice for drought resistance

Summary Although many selection indices have been used to screen rices (Oryza sativa L.) for drought resistance, there has been little comparison of the relative merits of these indices. Research was conducted to compare drought resistance as estimated from grain yields, canopy-temperature-based stress indices, visual scoring, and uprooting force for 30 rice genotypes grown in the field with a puddled Maahas clay (Typic Tropaquept) and to evaluate traits related to drought resistance from nonstressed plants grown in the field and in aeroponic culture. Water deficit was imposed in the field by withholding irrigation from 45 to 75 days after transplanting compared to a continuously flooded control. Grain yields in the stress treatment were most strongly correlated with visual assessment of drought stress symptoms according to a standard evaluation system (r = 0.66). Canopy-temperature-based indices were also significantly correlated with grain yields of the stress treatment (r from –0.55 to –0.63). No trait of aeroponically grown plants was correlated with traits of stressed plants in the field. We conclude that visual scoring of stressed plants was the best method of screening for drought resistance, but if controlled water deficit cannot be imposed, then drought resistance may be estimated by measuring both uprooting force and grain yield.     

不同修剪和疏果措施对番石榴产量及果实品质的影响

修剪措施对番石榴新梢形成及产量提高效果显著,其中中梢修剪的新梢形成数量及产量最高。疏果措施即留单果、留双果对增加果实单果重、可溶性糖含量效果显著;对果实硬度、可滴定酸含量无明显效果;留单果对增加维生素C含量效果显著,留双果与对照没有显著差异。     

富士苹果不同拉枝角度叶片营养物质含量与果实品质之间的关系

研究了苹果树拉枝后叶片营养物质含量与果实品质之间的关系。结果表明,果树枝条经不同角度处理后,叶片含氮量随着拉枝角度的增大差异不显著,含碳量随之而增多,且拉枝角度110°与90°、70°及<55°处理间达极显著水平。果实单果重、花色素含量、硬度、总糖含量、vC含量及蛋白质含量在拉枝角度为110°时最高,总酸含量却最低。对果树叶片营养物质含量与果实品质各指标进行相关及回归分析结果表明,果树枝条经不同拉枝角度处理后叶片碳素营养物质含量与果实单果重、果形指数、花色素含量、硬度、vC含量、总糖和蛋白质含量均呈正相关,与果实总酸含量呈负相关,而且与果实总糖、蛋白质含量差异显著,与果实单果重、硬度达极显著水平。叶片氮素营养物质含量与果实单果重、果形指数、花色素含量、硬度、vC含量、总糖和蛋白质含量均呈负相关,与果实总酸含量呈正相关,且与单果重、总糖和蛋白质含量差异显著。     

不同的干燥工艺对荷花蜂花粉功能成分的影响

探讨了5种干燥工艺对荷花蜂花粉功能成分的影响。微波干燥的干燥效率最高,60%火力处理540s可使水分从31.41%降到6.42%;干燥方式对荷花蜂花粉蛋白质影响较小;微波干燥后总黄酮提取率最高,为13.20mg/g;真空冷冻干燥后维生素C和过氧化氢酶含量最高,分别为48.89mg/100g和29.86mg/g·min。总的来说,真空冷冻干燥对荷花蜂花粉的功能成分影响最小;常压恒温干燥对功能成分影响较小、工艺简单、对设备要求低,宜于大规模应用于实际生产中。     

民办高校开设《化学与健康》通识课探究

《化学与健康》通识课的开设对弥补大学生相关知识的欠缺、引导他们正确认识化学对生活的影响、建立合理的膳食结构和养成健康的生活方式等具有重要意义。本文通过阐述民办高校开设《化学与健康》通识课的必要性,选定主要参考教材,筛选出合理的教学内容,探讨该课程的教学方法及考核方式等问题,旨在为该课程的教学改革提供参考,并期望获得理想的教学效果。