黄瓜种质资源遗传亲缘关系的RAPD分析

利用ＲＡＰＤ技术对多个生态型的黄瓜材料的遗传亲缘关系进行了研究。从２００个１０碱基随机引物中筛选出２０个用于ＰＣＲ反应,３９．２％的扩增条带表现多态性;每个生态型品种都具有其特有的扩增（缺失）带以区别其他生态型品种;聚类分析将供试材料分为３大类群：华北类群、华南类群和欧洲温室类群。从分子水平验证了传统的黄瓜地域分类标准及黄瓜是遗传基础狭窄的蔬菜作物。对利用ＲＡＰＤ技术进行亲缘控制研究的可能性进行了探讨。     

RAPD及其在果树上的应用

就RAPD的特点、操作及其在果树品种鉴定、遗传多样性检测、系谱解析和遗传图谱构建等方面的应用和进展进行了简要的阐述。     

基于叶绿体DNA信息的南方梨属种质的遗传多样性和演化分析

选取5个叶绿体DNA非编码区trnL-trnF-1、trnL-trnF-2、trnS-psbC、accD-psaI、rps16-trnQ和1个基因区域rbcL,对中国秦岭淮河以南地区的梨（Pyrus L.）资源进行遗传多样性和演化分析。将188份梨资源的测序结果整合得到长度为5 612 bp（包含缺失片段）,共检测出13个单倍型、4个单一突变位点、16个简约性信息位点和14个插入/缺失片段（InDels）,单倍型多样性Hd为0.7178,核苷酸多样性为0.35 × 10-3。accD-psaI区域的分析结果显示该区域的Hd值最高,为0.7177;rbcL区域的Hd值最低,为0.0317。其中162份梨资源检测出12个单倍型,Hd为0.713,核苷酸多样性为0.29 × 10-3;梨的不同地理群体中湖南省的10个梨地方品种的Hd最高,为0.889;来自贵州省的8个品种的Hd最低,为0。138份砂梨地方品种共检测出8个叶绿体单倍型,其中单倍型H2、H4和H5在130份砂梨和37份白梨品种中检测到,单倍型H6、H10、H11、H12和H13在8份砂梨地方品种‘青皮钟’、‘甜宵梨’、‘细花红梨’、‘惠阳红梨’、‘麝香梨’、‘塘湖青’、‘红粉’和‘横县浸泡梨’中检测到。Median-joining Network图显示单倍型H6和H11为古老单倍型,H1、H4和H5为较进化的单倍型。根据叶绿体DNA序列变异信息可推测秦岭淮河以南地区的砂梨和白梨亲缘关系较近,同时来自湖南地区的砂梨种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性。     

番茄匍柄霉叶斑病拮抗细菌的筛选与鉴定

应用平板对峙法从连作多年的番茄根际土样中筛选得到对番茄匍柄霉叶斑病具有较强拮抗活性的细菌菌株ZF161,该菌株对番茄匍柄霉的平板抑制率达到70.51%。离体叶片试验显示,菌株ZF161对番茄匍柄霉叶斑病防治效果达到69.83%。通过菌落形态观察、生理生化特性、Biolog测定和多基因系统发育树综合分析,鉴定菌株ZF161为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)。番茄盆栽试验结果表明,菌株ZF161对番茄匍柄霉叶斑病的防治效果达到63.27%。进一步平板对峙抑菌谱试验结果显示,菌株ZF161对其他7种病原真菌也具有较好的抑制效果。上述结果说明,菌株ZF161对番茄匍柄霉叶斑病具有良好的防治效果,且对多种病原真菌也具有抑制作用,具有开发应用的潜力。     

Effects of platelet-derived growth factor on DNA and collagen protein synthesis in human vascular fibroblasts

AIM: To investigate the effects of platelet-derived growth factor on DNA and collagen protein synthesis in human vascular fibroblasts. METHODS: In the present experiment, the human vascular fibroblasts were cultured and effects of platelet-derived growth factor-BB on DNA and collagen protein synthesis in human vascular fibroblasts were observed by using [³H]-TdR incorporation and [³H]-proline incorporation in vitro. RESULTS: Platelet-derived growth factor-BB significantly promoted NDA synthesis and collagen protein synthesis of quiescent human vascular fibroblasts, with a maximal response at a concentration of 30μg·L^-1at 24 h and 36 h, respectively. CONCLUSION: Platelet-derived growth factor-BB promotes DNA and collagen protein synthesis in cultured human vascular fibroblasts.     

从多糖丰富的样品中制备食用真菌DNA

本文报道了一种从多糖丰富的食用真菌样品中快速、简便制备高分子量总DNA的改进方法。通过CTAB在不同的氯化钠浓度下选择沉淀DNA,除去多糖污染,苯酚、氯仿抽提,异丙醇沉淀,就可获得适宜多种分子生物学研究的食用菌基因纽DNA。本方法也适合小规模同时制备多个样品。另外,采用本方法制备的真菌DNA,经限制酶HaeⅢ酶切后在琼脂糖凝胶上能显示出菌株特异性的DNA带谱,可用于食用菌的遗传育种、菌株鉴定等研究。     

灵芝提取物对人肝癌SMMC─7721细胞DNA合成的影响

本文以人肝癌ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１细胞为材料，对水溶性灵芝提取物（ＥＧＬ）抗癌作用机理进行了研究。结果表明，ＥＧＬ能明显抑制ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１细胞的ＤＮＡ合成：ＥＧＬ在５０ｕｇ／ｍｌ到３００ｕｇ／ｍｌ范围表现出明显的剂量效应；ＥＧＬ最小有效作用剂量为１００ｕｇ／ｍｌ，最大有效作用剂量为３００ｕｇ／ｍｌ。结果提示ＥＧＬ的抗癌机理主要是通过抑制癌细胞ＤＮＡ合成而起作用的。     

Analysis of chromosome aberration due to ethidium bromide using AFM

AIM: To study chromosome aberration due to ethidium bromide (EB),a heterocyclic organic compound and an organic fluorescence dye commonly used in biochemical experiment,and to help further understanding the molecular mechanism of tumor or cancer induced by EB and other heterocyclic organic compounds.METHODS: The toxicity action of EB was evaluated from three aspects including DNA,chromosome and embryo stem cells (ESCs) using atomic force microscopy (AFM),and thereinto,the morphology structural difference of ESCs treated with two EB doses was also valuated.RESULTS: The morphological structures of DNA,chromosome and ESCs were dramatically damaged.The average height of DNA decreased 0.5 nm;chromosomal arms were ruptured from centromere location;molecules of cellular membrane congregated and loop-like structure formed,and ES cell masses were collapsed and became dead after large EB doses treatment and mesh-like morphological structure was discernable.CONCLUSION: The toxicity action of EB is strong and destroys the surface structure of DNA and chromosome.EB induces structural aberration of ES cellular membrane and cell death.The results indicate that the action of EB is externalized at gene level and cell level,which is important to study the carcinogenicity of EB.     

干旱胁迫诱导苹果属植物细胞程序性死亡的研究

用聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol, PEG6000) 对苹果属植物平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis pampReld. ) 和新疆野苹果〔M. sieversii (Ledeb) Roem. 〕幼苗进行水分胁迫处理, 通过Southern杂交和Western杂交的方法检测胁迫条件下幼苗体内DNA Ladder及Caspase23蛋白酶。Southern杂交结果表明, 干旱处理后, 两种苹果的根和叶片中都有DNA Ladder产生; Western杂交结果显示, 在苹果的叶片中有杂交印迹,而根中没有。这说明干旱胁迫可以诱导两种苹果属植物发生细胞程序性死亡, 并且在细胞程序性死亡过程中叶片中都有类Caspase-3蛋白酶的产生。