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Recently we reported that monosodium glutamate stimulates feeding in neonates of the codling mothCydia pomonella (L.). Herein we extend our general knowledge about feeding stimulators in neonates of this species, by presenting the effects of several sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose, and maltose) and non-nutritive sugar substitutes (Sweet’n Low® and Equal®) on consumption of apple leaf (HoneycrispTM) tissue. Glucose, fructose, maltose and aspartame-based Equal had no effect on leaf consumption. Sucrose at a high concentration significantly reduced leaf consumption and delayed commencement of feeding. Sweet’n Low at high concentrations significantly increased leaf consumption and accelerated the commencement of feeding. Saccharin hemicalcium salt was identified as an active ingredient of Sweet’n Low. At 500 ppm and 1000 ppm, saccharin hemicalcium salt increased leaf consumption and accelerated commencement of feeding. The practical aspects of our findings are discussed. 相似文献
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Control of the codling moth,Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), by pheromone-mediated mating disruption, was studied in Israel using two types of dispensers:
Shin-Etsu twist-tie (normal and long-life) and TNO matrix formulation (square wafers). Factors affecting mating disruption:
initial pest population density, timing of the pheromone application, early season insecticide treatments and monitoring of
the pest, were evaluated. Efficacy of mating disruption was assessed by comparing catch of males in pheromone traps located
in pheromone-treated and chemically sprayed control plots. Fruit infestation during the season and at picking time was the
major criterion to assess mating disruption. The preferred time for pheromone application was before the first flight of the
moth. When pheromones were applied at a later stage, one or two early insecticide sprays had to be used to reduce the initial
level of the codling moth population. In all tests, trap catch in pheromone-treated plots was drastically reduced as compared
with respective control plots. In pheromone-treated plots where total seasonal trap catch (after pheromone application) was
less than 12 males/trap, fruit infestation was less than 1.5%; zero trap catch resulted in 0.1-0.3% infestation. At high population
levels, mating disruption was ineffective, with the rate of infestation at picking-time being similar in pheromone-treated
and control plots. All the field tests indicated that mating disruption with either Shin-Etsu ropes or TNO squares can control
codling moth infestations in apple and pear orchards, at relatively low densities of the pest, as efficiently as commercial
insecticide sprays. 相似文献
65.
H. Makee 《Journal of pest science》2005,78(1):31-39
Non-choice laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of host acceptance, previous rearing host, host age and the contact time between parasitoids and host on the efficacy of Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal and T. principum Sug. et Sor. against the codling moth Cydia pomonella. The tendency of T. cacoeciae and T. principum females to attack the codling moth was similar to E. kuehniella, and it was not affected by the previous rearing host. T. cacoeciae showed a greater preference for codling moth eggs than T. principum. A high mean number of emerged F1 progeny was observed when both parasitoids were sequentially reared on codling moths. Codling moth acceptance, the number of parasitized eggs and the number of emerged progeny were higher when younger codling moth eggs were offered. The tendency of female parasitoids to oviposit remained unchanged when the contact time with the host was prolonged. When the contact time was increased, the number of parasitized eggs and emerged offspring was higher. The results showed that the codling moth fertility (egg hatch) was reduced when younger eggs were offered and when the contact time with the parasitoids was increased. T. cacoeciae was more efficient in reducing codling moth fertility. The current study provided essential information necessary to increase the efficiency of T. cacoeciae and T. principum against the codling moth. 相似文献
66.
不同温度下苹果蠹蛾实验种群生命表 总被引:1,自引:4,他引:1
在15、20、25、28、31、34℃的恒温条件下,测定了苹果蠹蛾Cydiapomonella(L.)各发育历期、存活率及产卵量,组建了苹果蠹蛾实验种群生命表,以探讨温度对苹果蠹蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响。在15~31℃范围内,苹果蠹蛾各阶段发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,世代平均发育历期在15、20、25、28、31℃时分别为112.0、46.8、33.3、29.6、26.2天;在34℃时,苹果蠹蛾发育受阻,世代平均发育历期延长为31.4天。成虫寿命亦随温度的升高而缩短;单雌平均产卵量在25℃时最高,为92.7粒;在15和34℃条件下,没有有效卵产生。生命表分析显示,种群趋势指数(I)在20~31℃时均大于1,25℃时苹果蠹蛾种群内禀增长率(rm)和种群趋势指数最高,分别为0.0972和39.70。研究表明,25℃左右是苹果蠹蛾生长发育和繁殖的适宜温度,温度过高或偏低均不利于苹果蠹蛾的生长繁殖。 相似文献
67.
不同食料对苹果蠹蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
在室内研究了红玉苹果、红元帅苹果、张掖2号苹果、沙果、苹果梨、早酥梨、杏对苹果蠹蛾[Cydia pomonella (L.)]生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明,不同食料对苹果蠹蛾幼虫和蛹的发育历期、存活率、蛹重、雌成虫寿命、雌成虫产卵量等有显著影响。幼虫取食沙果、早酥梨、红玉苹果最有利于其生长发育和繁殖;取食红元帅苹果和张掖2号苹果的影响居中;而取食杏和苹果梨对其生长发育和繁殖表现出明显的不利性,主要表现为幼虫死亡率增加,幼虫期延长,蛹期延长,蛹重减轻,雌成虫寿命缩短,单雌产卵量降低。 相似文献
68.
Benoît Sauphanor Veronique Brosse Jean Charles Bouvier Pierre Speich Annie Micoud Christophe Martinet 《Pest management science》2000,56(1):74-82
French populations of codling moth have developed resistance to several insecticide classes. The susceptibility of susceptible and resistant laboratory strains to diflubenzuron and deltamethrin was evaluated using different exposure methods against various life stages. The tarsal contact method for adults was found to be an appropriate method for testing neurotoxic compounds such as deltamethrin. Insect growth inhibitors, like diflubenzuron, need to be analysed on juvenile instars. Monitoring methodologies were developed and evaluated (a) on neonates obtained by crossing field‐collected males with virgin females from the susceptible laboratory strain so as to overcome the problem of reduced fertility of wild females and (b) on diapausing larvae. All 36 populations analysed exhibited significant levels of resistance to both diflubenzuron and deltamethrin. Resistance to the two compounds was linked, regardless of the cultivation methods used in the monitored area. The monitoring methodologies will be implemented to evaluate the evolution of resistance according to the resistance management strategies that have been adopted. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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