Ovicidal,larvicidal and juvenilizing activity of a picolinephenoxyanilide against Cydia pomonella

N‐(4‐phenoxyphenyl)‐2‐pyridinecarboxamide (1) was synthesized from commercially available materials and its ovicidal and larvicidal activity against Cydia pomonella (L) was tested. The compound showed a LC₅₀ of 0.98 mg ml⁻¹ when eggs less than 24 h were sprayed using a Potter Tower, but it had no effect when eggs older than this were sprayed. The compound did not have larvicidal activity when larvae were treated with 1200 µg g⁻¹. However, the larval head capsules were smaller than those in the controls when treated at this concentration. To assess its possible juvenile‐hormone‐like activity, the compound was topically applied to young pupae of Tribolium confusum duVal, where it produced clear juvenilization effects, which were dependent on the applied dose. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

落叶松重要枝梢害虫松瘿小卷蛾触角感器的超微结构

应用扫描电镜和透射电镜对落叶松重要枝梢害虫松瘿小卷蛾触角感器类型、结构、分布进行研究.松瘿小卷蛾触角共有8种感器:毛形感器、锥形感器、耳形感器、栓锥形感器、刺形感器、腔锥形感器、板形感器和Bhm氏鬃毛.雌雄触角感器分布特点相同,但类型、数量不同,有性二型现象.在鳞翅目昆虫触角上观察到板形感器,其顶端具孔,可能具有味觉功能.     

桃树梨小食心虫发生危害及综合防治

梨小食心虫属鳞翅目卷蛾科,是世界性分布的蛀果害虫,为害多种果树,严重影响桃树产量和质量。详细介绍了梨小食心虫的形态特征、寄主范围、发生分布、发生规律、为害特点及其综合防控技术等,以期为生产上对梨小食心虫进行综合防治提供技术支持。     

性信息素诱捕器对槐小卷蛾雄蛾诱捕效果的影响

研究了性信息素诱捕器的颜色、形状、粘胶面积以及在树冠内放置的位置对槐小卷蛾Cydia trasias (Mayrick)雄蛾诱捕效果的影响。结果表明，白、绿和黄3种颜色的诱捕器的诱捕效果明显优于蓝颜色的诱捕效果；三角形诱捕器诱捕雄蛾的效果明显优于双层圆盘形和双层船形的诱捕效果；粘胶面积为500．0cm^2的三角形诱捕器的诱捕效果明显优于250．0cm^2和166．7cm^2的诱捕效果；悬挂于树冠中上部的诱捕器的诱捕效果明显优于悬挂于树冠中部及中下部的诱捕效果。在槐小卷蛾性信息素监测与防治系统中，悬挂在树冠中上部、粘胶面积为500.0^2的白颜色的三角形诱捕器的诱蛾效果最佳。     

苹果蠹蛾入侵的影响因素及检疫调控措施

苹果蠹蛾是世界性重要的果树害虫之一,适应性广,危害严重,成为许多国家重要的检疫对象。为了更有效地防止苹果蠹蛾入侵中国主要水果产区,借鉴更安全环保的检疫处理和苹果蠹蛾发生区的控制措施,该文分析了苹果蠹蛾的传播途径和成功入侵的影响因素如寄主植物、温度、湿度、降雨和光周期等,并重点介绍了溴甲烷熏蒸、低氧空气或混合气体处理和高温低氧低温冷藏处理等检疫处理,以及性诱剂、苹果蠹蛾颗粒病毒和利用赤眼蜂等田间生物防治措施。苹果蠹蛾的成功入侵与寄主植物的种类有直接的关系,而气候条件则是影响其种群的重要因素。3种检疫处理措施均能安全有效地杀灭水果中苹果蠹蛾的不同虫态,而田间生物防治措施则能有效地控制苹果蠹蛾成虫、卵和幼虫3个重要的虫态,从而降低水果的损失。因此,这些结果为苹果蠹蛾的内外检疫和和田间控制提供了重要的参考。     

中国小卷蛾族两新记录种(鳞翅目:卷蛾科)

描述了我国鳞翅目卷蛾科小卷蛾族的两新记录种－－落叶松小卷蛾[Cydia laricicolana (Kuznetsov 1960)]、林超小卷蛾（Pammene nemorosa Kuznetsov 1968）成虫的外部形态和解剖特征，生物学特性和地理分布。     

Pre-harvest survival of codling moth in artificially infested sweet cherry fruits

Prior to the 2009 season, sweet cherry fruits, Prunus avium (L.) L., from North America were required to be fumigated with methyl bromide before being exported to Japan to eliminate possible infestation by codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). However, based on recent biological research on host status, a new procedure (the “systems approach”) was implemented relying on the cumulative effects of pre- and post-harvest practices to produce pest-free sweet cherry fruits for export. This is an organized process that involves the integration of procedures used in the production, harvest, packaging, and distribution of a commodity which cumulatively meet the requirements for quarantine security. The objective of our study was to provide additional information to support the systems approach for codling moth in sweet cherries fruits. For four seasons, branches with sweet cherry fruits were caged on trees and infested by released ovipositing codling moths into the cages. Fruits were sampled weekly for codling moth individuals at each life stage. Eggs were laid mostly on leaves with the seasonal average numbers per cage ranging from 142 to 617. Populations declined rapidly after egg eclosion, with <1.5% of the original cohort surviving to fifth instars. Even after 8 weeks, none had formed cocoons or pupated. This failure of the codling moth to complete a life cycle under field conditions supports previous life history studies and demonstrates that sweet cherry fruits are inadequate hosts for codling moth.     

苹果蠹蛾成虫触角感器的超微结构观察

【目的】研究苹果蠹蛾(Cydia pomonella(L.))成虫触角感器的形态、数量和分布特征,为进一步探索其各类感器的功能和感受机理、与外界的化学通讯机制等提供参考。【方法】应用扫描电镜,对苹果蠹蛾成虫触角感器的形态结构进行观察。【结果】苹果蠹蛾成虫触角上存在8种感器:毛形感器(Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型)、刺形感器、腔锥形感器、栓锥形感器、耳形感器(Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型)、锥形感器、鳞形感器、Bhm氏鬃毛。其中毛形感器数量最多,鳞形感器仅存在于触角背面,栓锥形感器分布于触角鞭节各亚节腹面远端,其他类型感器在触角腹面、背面均有分布。每种感器的形态和分布在两性间无明显差异。【结论】不同类型感器在苹果蠹蛾成虫触角上的分布具有一定的规律性。     

束纸法在果树害虫诱集和天敌保护中的作用

果树束纸对香梨优斑螟、苹果蠹蛾等下树化蛹的食心虫和李始叶螨、土耳其斯坦叶螨、山楂叶螨等下树越冬的害螨有很强的诱集作用，诱集效果80～90％，结合必要的诱杀方法，对降低果园害虫害螨基数十分有效，并且，果树束纸对天敌有重要的保护作用。