Local and systemic resistance to fungal pathogens triggered by an AVR9-mediated hypersensitive response in tomato and oilseed rape carrying the Cf-9 resistance gene

Tomato and transgenic oilseed rape plants expressing the Cf-9 resistance gene develop a hypersensitive response (HR) after injection of the corresponding Avr9 gene product. It was investigated whether induction of a HR conferred resistance to different fungal pathogens in tomato and oilseed rape. Induction of an AVR9 mediated HR at the pathogen infection site delayed the development of the biotrophs Oidium lycopersicum in tomato and Erysiphe polygoni in oilseed rape, but enhanced the development of the necrotrophs Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria solani in tomato and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in oilseed rape. Interestingly, delayed fungal disease development was observed in plant tissues surrounding the HR lesion regardless of whether a necrotrophic or biotrophic pathogen was used. In tomato, AVR9 injection induced systemic expression of PR1, PR2 and PR3 defence genes but did not induce systemic resistance to O. lycopersicum, B. cinerea or A. solani. In oilseed rape, AVR9 injection temporarily induced systemic resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans and E. polygoni, but did not induce detectable systemic expression of PR1, PR2 or Cxc750. These results give new insights into the potential uses of an induced HR to engineer disease resistance.     

灰葡萄孢霉角质酶粗提液酶学特性研究

为探究灰葡萄孢霉角质酶的酶学性质以及角质酶对植物角质层的降解作用,以灰葡萄孢霉为材料,采用角质诱导的方法得到角质酶发酵液,上清液经过分离得到角质酶粗提液,采用分光光度法探究温度、pH值、金属离子及有机溶剂对角质酶活力的影响,并通过扫描电镜探究角质酶粗提液对葡萄角质层的作用。结果表明,灰葡萄孢霉角质酶的最适反应温度为35℃,最适反应pH值为7.5,此条件下能够保持较高的热稳定性;Na⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺对酶活有促进作用,而Zn²⁺、Cu²⁺、Fe³⁺对酶活有抑制作用;甲醇、丙酮、异丙醇对酶活具有促进作用,乙醇、乙腈和三氯甲烷对酶活具有抑制作用;角质酶粗酶液对葡萄角质层具有明显的降解作用。本研究结果为果蔬采后病害的控制提供了理论依据。     

白腐菌产漆酶培养条件的响应面法优化

[目的]采用Plackett-Burman试验设计法、响应面法,对灰盖鬼伞菌(Coprinopsis cinerea)产漆酶进行了发酵工艺条件的优化研究。[方法]首先利用Plackett Burman设计试验筛选出影响产酶的麦麸、稻草粉和酵母粉3个主要因素。在此基础上,用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域,再利用Box-Behnken试验设计、响应面分析法进行回归分析。[结果]麦麸、稻草粉和酵母粉浓度与漆酶活力存在显著的相关性,得到最佳培养基条件。当麦麸10.188 g/L、稻草粉9.379 g/L、酵母粉3.613 g/L时,漆酶活力达到729.89 U/ml。[结论]经3批培养验证,预测值与验证试验平均值接近。     

桉苗灰霉病初步研究

按苗灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea Pers.ex Fr.)是近年在云南省新发现的病害,过去未曾报道。该病多发生在按苗幼嫩的茎上部和叶片上,可造成按苗迅速死亡。早春连绵阴雨,气温较低,致使该病易造成流行,该病的流行也与管理措施密切相关。采取平衡施肥,加强苗期管理是最有效的预防措施。发病期可施用75%百菌清可湿性粉剂1:500倍;或70%敌克松可湿性粉剂与等量的50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂混用,稀释1000倍常量喷雾,每7~10天一次,连续喷2~3次,可有效地控制按苗灰霉病蔓延流行。     

Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Verbena officinalis</Emphasis> L. Leaves

The scavenging activity against DPPH (1,1-diphenil-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical and the antifungal effect against chloroform, ethyl acetate and 50% methanolic extracts of Verbena officinalis leaves were investigated. The activity of different fractions of 50% methanolic extract and some isolated compounds were also investigated. The results suggest that 50% methanolic extract and caffeoyl derivatives could potentially be considered as excellent and readily available sources of natural antifungal and antioxidant compounds.     

塑料大棚欧亚种葡萄对白粉病和灰霉病的抗性研究

通过田间自然鉴定方法，研究了塑料大棚内7个欧亚种葡萄品种对白粉病和灰霉病的抗性。结果表明，不同品种对两病的抗性表现不同。所研究的7个品种，除9307外，其余品种对灰霉病皆表现为抗病；而对于白粉病，早紫、凤凰51号、研选5号为低感品种，维多利亚为中感品种，粉红亚都蜜、新华1号、9307为高感品种。     

几种生防放线菌离体颉颃作用测定

采用菌饼对峙法测定4种放线菌对7种病原真菌的离体颉颃作用。结果发现,SC1,SC11和SE2菌株对所有靶标菌均有不同程度的抑制作用。菌株SC11对各供试靶标菌均有良好稳定的抑制作用,接种后5 d测量靶标菌菌落半径均小于4 mm,菌丝日生长速率低于0.75 mm/d。菌株SE2对粉红聚端孢、立枯丝核菌、番茄叶霉菌的抑制作用比其它3种放线菌要好,抑制率高达100%。在所有测定的靶标菌中,番茄灰霉菌、粉红聚端孢菌、西瓜枯萎菌、立枯丝核菌是较易于被放线菌抑制的靶标菌。显微观察发现受,SC1,SC11,SE2抑制后,靶标菌菌丝出现不同程度的畸形。     

永登地区日光温室红提葡萄灰霉病的发生与防治

为了给永登县日光温室生产中防治葡萄灰霉病提供技术支持,通过多年的试验和调查,总结分析了永登县日光温室红提葡萄灰霉病发生的自然环境条件及管理因素,提出了以清洁田园、合理密植、水肥管理、整形修剪等农业技术措施为主,化学防治措施为辅的综合防治方法。     

80%腐霉利WP对葡萄灰霉病防效试验

针对不同浓度80%腐霉利WP进行葡萄灰霉病的田间防效试验研究。结果表明:在葡萄灰霉病发病初期,公顷用药量(有效成分)333-500mg/kg兑水750kg,对葡萄灰霉病有较好的防治效果。喷药间隔期为7d,共喷2次。药后7d防治效果在77.06%-82.34%之间,对葡萄生长安全。     

福建省烟草灰霉病的发生与病原鉴定

观察并记述了福建省烟草灰霉病的发生特点和病害症状。结果表明,烟草灰霉病的病原鉴定为灰葡萄孢(Botrytis ci-nerea),接种实验表明该病原菌具有很强的致病力,可以侵染叶片和茎部,致整株烟苗枯萎死亡。