日本落叶松优良无性系扦插生根试验研究

以建始县高岩子林场日本落叶松优良无性系采穗圃为材料,对穗条产量和质量进行比较,并对不同基质、不同激素处理扦插效果进行分析。结果表明:不同无性系之间穗条数量和粗度存在极显著差异,穗条长度不存在显著差异;不同无性系之间扦插生根率差异不显著;不同基质、不同激素处理扦插效果差异显著,IBA50mg/L处理穗条的轻基质容器扦插方式生根效果最好。     

山葡萄组培苗与扦插苗的生长差异初报

以山葡萄组培苗和扦插苗为研究对象,通过样本T检验可知：组培苗、扦插苗的苗高、地径和根长因子在2005年、2006年生长量存在显著差异;2005年、2006年组培苗和扦插苗在3个因子上差异达到显著水平。     

IBA生根剂对卡罗来纳杜鹃插条生根的影响

卡罗来纳杜鹃是一种优美的常绿灌木,原产美国东部沿海并能耐-33℃的低温.由于该植物无性繁殖技术困难,限制了其及其栽培变种在园林中的应用.于10月份采集卡罗来纳杜鹃的木质化枝条,在美国缅因大学的植物繁殖温室中进行扦插繁殖.处理后的插穗被随机放在具有恒温(24℃)低温加热的苗床上.结果表明:IBA对卡罗来纳杜鹃木质化插条的生根有显著影响,IBA处理后的插条生根率为25.0%～84.4%,对照没有生根.IBA浓度对插条生根也有显著影响,处理Ⅳ即先快蘸液态KIBA(8 000 mg/L)再迅速蘸取粉状IBA(8 000 mg/L)的插条生根率最高为84.4%;当IBA浓度≤8 000 mg/L时,生根率≤43.8%;液态.KIBA 16 000mg/L 的浓度太高会使插穗出现烧死现象;当KIBA浓度为200 mg/L和400 mg/L时,浸泡插穗24 h后生根率分别为31.3%和37.5%.IBA的类型及处理浓度对根质量(根体积)有显著影响,混合处理Ⅳ的生根质量最好,体积为38.9cm3;KIBA浓度200 mg/L时浸泡24 h后处理的插穗生根体积最小,为12.1 cm3.生根插穗移人低温储藏8周后,可移栽和培育出圃.     

红皮云杉扦插苗造林试验

采用红皮云杉２￣４年生休眠枝扦插苗和２￣３年生嫩枝扦插苗造林,其生长量均超过裸根苗的生长量,侧根长度和根系直径均比裸根苗大,但扦插苗抗逆性弱,虫害发生率较裸根苗稍高。用扦插苗造林,不但可以缩短苗木培育周期,也能提高造林质量。     

4个国庆盆菊品种扦插繁殖

以自主选育的国庆盆菊Chysanthemum morifolium品种金陵皇冠Jinling Huangguan金陵阳光Jinling Yangguang金陵娇黄Jinling Jiaohuang金陵紫衫Jinling Zishan为材料,以生根率、根数、最长根长、平均根长、根径、根鲜质量6项指标衡量扦插生根效果,研究了扦插基质、穴盘规格（50孔、72孔、128孔、288孔）、萘乙酸（NAA）处理（0,250,500,750,1 000 mgL－1）和插穗冷藏（4 ℃条件下分别冷藏0,14,28,42 d）对扦插生根的影响。结果表明:除插穗冷藏处理外,其余处理对插条生根率无影响,生根率均为100％;草炭 ∶ 蛭石=1 ∶ 1为最佳基质组合,其次为草炭 ∶ 珍珠岩=1 ∶ 1;随着穴盘孔数增多,生根效果下降;不同品种对NAA质量浓度的反应存在差异,但在500～750 mgL－1范围内,可显著增加根长和根鲜质量;冷藏42 d后成活率下降,但可促进金陵阳光的生根数量,冷藏14 d可促进金陵阳光的最长根长和平均根径。表4参8     

Effect of defoliation frequency and cutting height on growth,dry‐matter yield and nutritive value of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum (L.) Schumach)

Growth characteristics, dry‐matter (DM) yield, chemical components and in vitro dry‐matter digestibility (IVDMD) of Napier grass were studied in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Haramaya University, Ethiopia. The treatments were three defoliation frequencies (60, 90 and 120 d after Napier grass establishment) and five cutting heights (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 cm above ground level). Except for leaf‐to‐stem ratio, all growth characteristics increased with decreasing frequency of defoliation. Similarly, DM yield of Napier grass increased as the frequency of defoliation decreased. Total ash, crude protein (CP), hemicellulose and IVDMD contents of Napier grass increased with increasing frequency of defoliation, whereas DM, acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin and cellulose contents increased with a decrease in defoliation frequency. In contrast, cutting heights had no significant effect on most chemical components and IVDMD contents, although total ash and CP decreased as the height of cutting increased. The CP yield per cut and per day was highest at an intermediate defoliation frequency. The results of this study indicated that Napier grass could be categorized under medium‐ to high‐quality herbage if defoliated at 90 d after establishment in the mid and highlands of Ethiopia.     

Thermal tolerance of propagative anthurium stem cuttings to disinfestation by heat treatment for burrowing nematodes and bacterial blight

Hot water and hot air treatments were evaluated for disinfesting anthurium, Anthurium andraeanum Lind., stem cuttings of the bacterial blight pathogen, Xanthomonas axonopodis pathovar dieffenbachiae (Xa pv. dieffenbachiae), and burrowing nematodes, Radopholus similis, and their effect on viability of the cuttings. Xa pv. dieffenbachiae suspended in distilled water in 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tubes, lost at least 6 logs of viability when exposed to hot water at 50 °C for 12 min or hot air at 50 °C, 60% RH for 35 min administered in commercial-sized heat treatment facilities. Stem cuttings exposed to hot air at 50 °C, 60% RH were disinfested of R. similis when their core temperatures attained 50 °C. Plant response to heat treatments varied among cultivars; however, all evaluated cultivars exhibited high tolerance to hot water at 50 °C for up to 24 min with equal or enhanced sprouting rates as compared to untreated checks. Sprouting rates of three of the four cultivars treated with hot air at 50 °C, 60% RH for up to 125 min were equal to or higher than untreated checks, while cuttings from the less tolerant cultivar ‘Tropic Fire’ registered lower sprouting rates for all hot air treatment durations as compared to untreated checks, Flower quality parameters, including average spathe size, stem diameter and number of flowers harvested from plants heat-treated as cuttings, were comparable to or higher than untreated checks for all treatments and cultivars. Disinfestation of anthurium stem cuttings for bacterial blight and the burrowing nematode can be achieved in hot water at 50 °C for 24 min without loss of sprouting rate or flower quality.     

外源IBA对裸花紫珠扦插生根和内源激素含量变化的影响

以药用植物裸花紫珠(Callicarpa nudiflora)1年生半木质化枝条为材料,采用吲哚丁酸(IBA)5个浓度(0、1 000、1 500、2 000、2 500 mg/L)处理。每隔6 d从1 500 mg/L IBA浓度与对照处理插穗的基部取样1次,测定在生根过程中内源吲哚乙酸(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA3)、玉米素核苷(ZR)含量的变化。扦插80 d后,采用隶属函数法综合评价生根效果。结果表明:不同IBA浓度处理对插穗生根影响差异显著。与对照相比,IBA处理不同程度地提高了插穗的生根率、平均生根数、最长根长和平均根长,降低了偏根率。其中,以1 500 mg/L IBA处理生根效果最好,其生根率、根体积最大,综合评价指数最高。在裸花紫珠插穗根原基诱导和愈伤组织形成阶段,1 500 mg/L IBA处理可提高插穗基部IAA和GA3含量,降低ABA和ZR含量,IAA/ABA和IAA/ZR比值迅速升高。在不定根形成、发生及生长发育阶段,IAA含量下降,IAA/ABA和IAA/ZR比值逐渐降低。较低的内源ABA、ZR含量和较高的IAA、GA3含量及IAA/ABA、IAA/ZR比值,有利于裸花紫珠插穗半木质化插穗不定根的形成和发育。     

中华金叶榆嫩枝扦插繁殖技术1）

以中华金叶榆（ Ulmus pumila‘Jinye’）为试材,剪取当年生枝条中上部做插穗,每个插穗保留2片叶子,用ABT 1000 mg· L－1溶液处理插穗10 s,分别扦插在河沙、珍珠岩、蛭石、草炭、V（珍珠岩）∶V（蛭石）＝1∶1、V （珍珠岩）∶V（蛭石）＝3∶1、V（珍珠岩）∶V（草炭）＝1∶1、V（珍珠岩）∶V（草炭）＝3∶1,8种基质上,探究不同扦插基质对插穗生根的影响;采用3因素3水平正交试验设计,即选用ABT、IBA、NAA 3种生根促进剂,每种生根促进剂设计500、1000、1500 mg· L－13个质量浓度梯度,处理时间为10、30、60 s,扦插在V（珍珠岩）∶V（蛭石）＝1∶1的基质中,筛选金叶榆嫩枝扦插最佳生根促进剂及处理时间。结果表明：蛭石为最佳基质,插穗生根率为89．17％,平均根数为10条,平均根长为12．92 cm,最长根长为38．5 cm。正交试验结果表明：用质量浓度为500 mg· L－1的IBA生根促进剂处理30 s得到的生根效果较好,生根率为82．22％,平均根长为21．12 cm,平均根数为17条。通过spss软件中的多重比较法分析推测得出,采用1500 mg· L－1 IBA生根促进剂处理插穗基部30 s,得到的金叶榆插穗生根率将会更高。     

不同穗条类型、长度的欧洲云杉扦插苗质量评价

[目的]为欧洲云杉扦插穗条选择和扦插苗培育提供依据。[方法]采用完全随机区组试验设计,研究了2种穗条类型(嫩枝基部带1.5年生硬枝、嫩枝)、3种穗条长度(5 10、10 15、15 20 cm)的嫩枝扦插苗从移植当年到第3年的成活率、保存率和生长情况。[结果]2种穗条类型扦插苗间的移植成活率和保存率差异不显著,但移植后嫩枝基部带1.5年生硬枝扦插苗的苗高、新梢生长量、地径、侧枝数、冠幅、鲜质量、干质量差异显著,都是嫩枝基部带1.5年生硬枝扦插苗大于嫩枝扦插苗。3种长度扦插苗的移植成活率、保存率的差异均显著;其中,15 20 cm长度穗条扦插苗移植成活率和保存率最高,分别是98.00%和86.00%,不同长度穗条扦插苗移植成苗率逐年下降,而且与穗条长度有关,弱小穗条获得的扦插苗成苗率低;5 10 cm的扦插苗移植成活率为46.00%,到第3年时保存率仅为23.33%,且移植后苗高、新梢生长量、地径、侧枝数、冠幅、鲜质量、干质量的差异也显著,且都以15 20cm穗条的扦插苗值最高,10 15 cm穗条的扦插苗次之,5 10 cm的扦插苗最小。嫩枝带硬枝扦插苗的苗木质量指数(QI)是嫩枝的7.74倍,15 20 cm穗条的扦插苗质量指数(QI)是5 10、10 15 cm扦插苗的5.47、5.23倍。扦插苗地径初始值与移植当年地径、苗高初始值与移植当年苗高间呈极显著正相关关系。[结论]扦插苗最初的生根状况和穗条质量影响后期培育过程中的存活和生长,嫩枝基部带1.5年生硬枝扦插苗和15 20 cm穗条的扦插苗不仅移植成活率、保存率高,而且生长量、生物量、质量指数都比短而弱小穗条的扦插苗高。