不同作物根系分泌物对黄瓜的化感作用

就不同作物根系分泌物溶液对黄瓜种子和黄瓜幼苗的化感作用进行了研究。结果表明,油菜、玉米、小麦和小白菜对黄瓜种子发芽势和发芽率的抑制作用均较低;除玉米根系分泌物溶液外,其余作物根系分泌物溶液均抑制黄瓜种子胚根和胚芽生长,且胚芽的受抑制强度大于胚根;玉米、油菜、小白菜和黄瓜根系分泌物溶液对黄瓜幼苗苗高和茎粗有促进作用,且对黄瓜幼苗根长和根数的抑制作用较小。说明玉米是黄瓜种植最适宜的前茬作物,其次是油菜和小白菜,而豇豆、豆角和黑豆等豆科作物不宜作为黄瓜种植的前茬作物。     

Analysis of 50 Cucumber Accessions by RAPD Markers

Genetic diversity of 50 cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) accessions from American, Holland,Japan and China was detected and evaluated using RAPD markers. 25 selected primers produced 215 scorable polymorphic RAPD bands and the ratio of polymorphism is 86.98%. Four main groups of cucumber accessions could be distinguished from UPGMA analysis: Occidental cucumber, South-China cucumber, North-China cucumber and Xishuangbanna cucumber. Our result confirmed that cucumber is a narrow-based germplasm, nevertheless RAPD analysis was still useful in cucumber genotypic differentiation. More significantly, Xishuangbanna cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. Var Xishuangbannanesis Qi et Yuan), a mutation of cucumber, was clustered together to a special group in the study, which imlalied its special status in cucumber germplasm.     

The inheritance of two novel subgynoecious genes in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), which is a vegetable crop, has served as the model system for sex expression in flowering plants, and the inheritance of sex expression in cucumber is well documented. However, the genetics of subgynoecism expression in cucumber had rarely been described. In this study, we investigated the inheritance of subgynoecious traits in cucumber plants with the inbred cucumber lines of subgynoecious (C. sativus L. var sativus cv 97-17 and S-2-98) as the materials. Genetic analysis had showed the two subgynoecious inbred lines were controlled by one pair of recessive gene and one pair of incompletely dominant gene, which were designated presently as mod-F2 and Mod-F1, respectively. Furthermore, the mod-F2 and Mod-F1 loci, which enhance the intensity of femaleness, also inherited independently with F and M genes.     

甜瓜结实花初花节位QTL分析

 以WI998为母本（纯雌株、厚皮网纹甜瓜品系）,TopMark为父本（雄全同株纯合品系）,配置杂交组合,利用单粒传得到171个株系的重组自交系（F₂S₄）群体构建甜瓜SSR分子标记遗传连锁图谱。该连锁图谱包含19个连锁群,覆盖基因组长度为1 414.2 cM,标记间平均距离为10.2 cM。对结实花初花节位开展QTL分析,共检测到9个QTL,分别分布在第1、9、10、11连锁群上,各QTL的LOD值在2.89 ~ 9.42之间,4个QTL贡献率超过10%。位于第9连锁群的QTL Fp9.4贡献率最大,为18.57%（2010秋季LOD = 9.17）;位于第9连锁群的Fp9.3（2010春季8.64%,LOD = 6.44;2010秋季17.99%,LOD = 9.42）,位于第10连锁群的Fp10.1（2010春季3.59%,LOD = 2.89;2010秋季6.20%,LOD = 3.43）在两季的位置都很稳定。获得与结实花初花节位紧密连锁（< 10 cM）的8个特异标记（SSR01737、MU141991、TJ105、GCM206、SSR04910、MU173563、NR52、MU146331）,为进一步开展QTL精细定位提供参考。     

Analysis based on RAPD and ISSR Markers Reveals Closer Similarities among <Emphasis Type="Italic">Citrullus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic"> Cucumis</Emphasis> Species than with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Praecitrullus fistulosus</Emphasis> (Stocks) Pangalo

A cucurbit species named Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo, which thrives in India, is considered to be a distant relative of watermelon. Recent experiments indicated that it has mild resistance to whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). However, our attempts to cross various US plant introductions (PIs) of P. fistulosus with watermelon or other Citrullus PIs have not been successful. Thus, to determine genetic relatedness among those species, phylogenetic analysis [based on simple sequence repeat (SSR)–anchored (also termed ISSR), and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers] was conducted among PIs of P. fistulosus, Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus (watermelon), C. lanatus var. citroides and the wild Citrullus colocynthis. Phylogenetic relationships were also examined with Cucumis melo (melon), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), and wild Cucumis species including C. africanus, C. metuliferus, C. anguria, C. meeusei, and C. zeyheri. Wide genetic distance exists between Citrullus and Cucumis groups (8% genetic similarity). Phylogenetic relationships among Citrullus species and subspecies are closer (25–55% genetic similarity) as compared with those among most Cucumis species (14–68% genetic similarity). P. fistulosus appeared to be distant from both Cucumis and Citrullus species (genetic similarity between P. fistulosus and Cucumis or Citrullus groups is less than 3%). Although wide genetic differences and reproductive barriers exist among cucurbit species examined in this study, they are still considered as potential germplasm source for enhancing watermelon and melon crops using traditional breeding and biotechnology procedures.     

哈尔滨地区早春温室密刺型黄瓜品种比较试验

对中国北方9个密刺型黄瓜(Cucumis satiws L.)品种进行了生育期、植物学性状和产量方面的比较试验,以锦杂十号做为对照品种。结果表明,根瓜采收最早的为津绿26和津绿30,前期产量和总产量最高的为津绿30。从农艺性状和早熟丰产的调查来看,津绿30最适合本地区早春日光温室的栽培。     

同工酶分析在黄瓜杂种一代纯度检测上的应用研究

应用垂直板不连续系统的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＰＡＧＥ）法，分析了黄瓜农大秋棚二号（Ｆ１）及其双亲发芽种子子叶苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）同工酶酶谱。发现了２个具有多态性的同工酶位点ＭＤＨ—２和ＭＤＨ—４。并以这两个位点为标记检测Ｆ１代（出现“杂种二聚体”）的纯度。对该一代杂种Ｆ２代及ＢＣ１、ＢＣ２代进行的遗传分析表明ＭＤＨ－４位点受一对共显性等位基因（ＭＤＨ－４Ｆ、ＭＤＨ－４Ｓ）遗传控制，ＭＤＨ—２位点存在－隐性虚等位基因（ＭＤＨ—２ｎ），这两个位点均符合孟德尔单基因分离规律，证实了黄瓜杂种一代农大秋棚二号及其双亲间苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶酶谱差异的遗传基础。     

Monitoring physiological races of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Podosphaera xanthii</Emphasis> (syn.<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sphaerotheca fuliginea</Emphasis>), the causal agent of powdery mildew in cucurbits: Factors affecting race identification and the importance for research and commerce

Identification of the physiological races ofPodosphaera xanthii (syn.Sphaerotheca fuliginea), the causal agent of powdery mildew in cucurbits, is based upon the differing responses of various melon cultigens to the pathogen. Eight races of the pathogen have been identified to date in the USA, Africa, Europe and around the Mediterranean Sea, and four new races were reported from greenhouse melons in the major growing area of Japan. Plant responses to powdery mildew may be affected by environmental factors such as light intensity, temperature and humidity, as well as by age and nutritional status of the plants. The same factors affect the accuracy and reliability of race identification. In an attempt to overcome those obstacles, the genetic diversity ofP. xanthii was studied using molecular markers. Unfortunately, no correlation was found between DNA polymorphism and the race of the pathogen as identified by biological tests. The usefulness of race identification as a guide for the grower in selecting appropriate cultivars is limited because changes or shifts in the pathogen population are common. Such changes may be found among growing seasons, geographic regions and hosts, and also within a single greenhouse during a single season. On the other hand, race identification is important for basic research and is especially important for the commercial seed industry, which requires accuracy in declaring the type and level of resistance to powdery mildew in its products. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting March 2, 2004. Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization. No. 501/04.     

Co‐infection with Cucumber vein yellowing virus and Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus leading to synergism in cucumber

Symptom expression and levels of the ipomovirus Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) and the crinivirus Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) were compared in greenhouse cucumbers in single and mixed infections. Results were contrasted with those obtained for plants infected with the potyvirus Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) in single and in mixed infections with either CVYV or CYSDV. Cucumber showed leaf symptoms of each co‐infecting virus, except for the combination of CYSDV with ZYMV, where the typical CYSDV‐like symptoms of interveinal leaf yellowing were inconspicuous or absent. The progression of CVYV as quantified by real‐time RT‐PCR was similar in plants with single infections and in mixed infection with CYSDV between 15 and 60 days post‐inoculation (dpi). However, CYSDV was detected at significantly enhanced levels in plants when co‐infected with CVYV but not when co‐infected with ZYMV. In the latter case, ZYMV levels were reduced when compared with single infections. During mixed infections of ZYMV and CVYV, the titre levels of the ipomovirus were significantly lower when compared with single infections. Cucumber had reduced plant height, internode length, dry weight and fruit yield, positively correlated with the titre levels of CVYV and not of CYSDV during mixed infections. It is concluded that co‐infections with CVYV enhance the titre of CYSDV, which could have epidemiological significance.