Changes induced by plastic film mulches on soil temperature and their relevance in growth and fruit yield of pickling cucumber

Purpose: The aim of this study was to realize whether soil mulching, with different plastic mulch colors, is a suitable practice for the culture of pickling cucumber.

Materials and Methods: The crop was cultured or not with black, silver/black, white/black, and aluminum/black plastic films, treatments were evaluated in randomized complete block design, to determine their effect on soil temperature, gas exchange, nutrient concentration, growth, and fruit yield.

Results and Conclusions: Black, silver/black, and aluminum/black plastic mulches were higher (p?≤?0.05) in plant height, leaf area, and shoot dry weight than bare soil at 15 days after sowing, whose results were similar than using white/black film. Maximum, minimum, and mean soil temperatures were higher with all plastic mulches except for aluminum/black, in which the maximum soil temperature was similar to the one in bare soil. There was no difference in net photosynthesis and there was very little difference in nutrient concentration between plants in plastic mulches and plants in bare soil; however, early and total yield showed a higher (p?≤?0.05) yield in all plastic mulches, and lower with bare soil and white/black plastic mulch. Our results confirm that soil mulching impacts the pickling cucumber yield. We suggest a carefull selection of the color plastic mulch.     

番红花球茎组培中的消毒和褐化抑制方法

[目的]优化番红花球茎消毒和褐化抑制的方法。[方法]以番红花球茎的染菌率、褐化率和愈伤组织诱导率为指标,分析了外植体大小、氯化汞浓度和消毒时间对番红花球茎染菌和诱导的影响,同时比较了抗坏血酸和活性炭对番红花球茎褐化的抑制效果。[结果]当外植体大小5 mm~3,氯化汞溶液浓度0.2%、消毒时间10 min时,染菌率和诱导率较为适宜;向培养基中加入0.5 g/L活性炭可以降低球茎的褐化。[结论]该研究建立了番红花球茎消毒和褐化抑制方法,为野外番红花球茎的初代组培提供了理论依据。     

不同处理对黄瓜种子萌发的影响

研究不同酸碱性溶液浸泡、不同光照变化、不同低温冷冻、不同温度水浴和不同时间超声波处理对‘伯乐一号’黄瓜种子萌发的影响。采用双层滤纸培养法对处理后的种子进行培养,观察记录种子的发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数,并对数据进行统计分析。实验显示,pH 9碱性溶液浸泡、持续黑暗处理、 48 h冷冻处理、30℃水浴处理和20 min超声波处理均可以提高‘伯乐一号’黄瓜种子发芽率;其中以48 h冷冻处理的‘伯乐一号’黄瓜种子发芽率最高,达到89.33%。总结出‘伯乐一号’黄瓜种子萌发的最适处理方法,对生产实践中有效促进其种子萌发及人工栽培具有重要的指导意义。     

黄瓜离体器官再生体系的优化

优化通过器官直接再生方式的黄瓜离体再生体系,为遗传转化奠定基础。以‘长春密刺’黄瓜的子叶节为外植体,探讨在黄瓜再生过程中,适宜的无菌苗获得培养基、适宜的外植体类型、无菌苗的适宜苗态、不定芽诱导培养基和芽伸长培养基中适宜的激素组合与比例。结果表明,最适的无菌苗获得培养基为1/2MS+30 g/L蔗糖+7 g/L琼脂(pH=5.8);不同外植体的再生率为子叶节>下胚轴>子叶;子叶完全出壳但未展平的无菌苗比其他苗态的再生率高,子叶展平后,再生率迅速下降;当6-BA（6-苄基氨基嘌呤）和ABA（脱落酸）浓度一定时,最适的AgNO₃为2 mg/L;当AgNO₃浓度一定时,6-BA和ABA浓度的最佳组合为1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L ABA;不定芽诱导的最适培养基为MS+1.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L ABA+2 mg/L AgNO₃,出芽率为90%,每外植体出芽数为3.5;芽伸长培养基中加入0.10 mg/L 6-BA,能够促进再生芽的伸长。本研究成功优化了黄瓜的再生体系,得到了健壮的黄瓜成株。     

Inter- and intraspecific sequence variations of the chloroplast genome in wild and cultivated Raphanus

To assess the differentiation of the chloroplast genome in wild and cultivated species of Raphanus , nucleotide sequence polymorphisms were investigated for approximately 2 kbp ranging from trnL (UAA) to psbG in R. raphanistrum and R. sativus . Eighteen plants of wild species, 10 Japanese wild radish plants ( R. sativus ), and 31 cultivated plants were used for sequence analysis. Intraspecific variations of the chloroplast genome were present both in wild and cultivated Raphanus . All three genes investigated ( trnL , trnF and ndhJ ) contained nucleotide substitutions within the genus. Whereas, larger numbers of mutations were observed in the intergenic regions. Using the detected variations, the 59 radish plants were classified into 11 haplotypes, seven of which were unique to wild species. Among the haplotypes, one type corresponded completely with the Ogura male sterile cytoplasm. All the cultivated radishes belonged to one of four types, of which three were also observed in Japanese wild radish. The haplotypes were classified into four groups by cluster analysis, and the distribution in the dendrogram confirmed that cultivated radish has multiple origins. On the other hand, the seven haplotypes uniquely observed in R. raphanistrum were considered as useful materials to provide genetic diversity of cytoplasm for breeding of cultivated radishes.     

大蒜对日光温室黄瓜生长及土壤生物学特性的影响

利用盆栽试验研究大蒜干样还田后,对日光温室黄瓜生长及土壤生化特性的影响。结果表明:添加大蒜干样后,显著增加黄瓜植株的鲜重,且与添加量成正比;在黄瓜的整个生长期,增加了细菌和放线菌的数量。当结果期大蒜的添加量为3.0%时,减少了真菌和镰刀菌的数量,并提高了土壤B/F(细菌+放线菌/真菌)值,优化了土壤微生物区系;而随着黄瓜的生长,促进黄瓜幼苗期根际土壤多酚氧化酶、蔗糖酶、尿酶和过氧化氢酶的活性。当结果期大蒜添加量大于2.0%时,对4种土壤酶具有显著的促进作用,使土壤环境有利于黄瓜生长。     

黄瓜6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶基因cDNA片段的克隆及表达分析

以黄瓜品种露丰为材料,根据已报道的6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶基因(6PGDH)的保守氨基酸序列设计简并引物,利用RT-PCR技术获得黄瓜6PGDH的cDNA同源片段,命名为CSPG(登录号为EU815934)。该片段长度为1 207 bp,包含一个936 bp的开放阅读框(编码311个氨基酸)和271 bp的Poly A 3′非翻译区末端,无内含子;该基因编码的氨基酸序列与拟南芥、大豆、水稻、玉米、菠菜的6PGDH基因有75%以上的同源性。运用半定量RT-PCR技术对6PGDH基因的转录水平进行分析,结果表明:该基因在叶、根、茎中均有表达,高温胁迫下的表达量高于常温对照,说明6PGDH基因与热胁迫相关。     

铝胁迫对黄瓜种子发芽及抗氧化酶活性的影响

本试验以黄瓜品种津春2号为材料,研究了铝胁迫对黄瓜种子发芽及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,铝处理显著抑制了黄瓜种子萌发后根部的伸长,提高了根部抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（DHAR）活性。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）在低浓度铝处理下活性升高,而在高浓度下降低。     

几种微生物菌剂处理下连作黄瓜的生长分析

采用盆栽法研究了4种微生物菌剂(连茬王、护根宝、金宝贝、木霉菌肥)处理对连作黄瓜生长的影响。结果表明:4种菌剂处理下连作黄瓜的各项生长指标均较对照有所提高;木霉菌肥和护根宝处理明显提高了连作黄瓜的相对生长率、净同化率、叶面积指数、群体光合势及群体生长率;连茬王处理对黄瓜叶重比及叶片厚度具有明显的促进效应。综合各菌剂对连作黄瓜地上部生长的改善效果,依次为木霉菌肥护根宝连茬王金宝贝。     

利用黄瓜远缘群体遗传连锁图谱进行始花节位定位

利用黄瓜远缘群体的分子遗传连锁图谱,对雌花节位性状进行了QTL定位。共找到8个控制雌花节位的QTL位点:ff-1、ff-2、ff-3、ff-4、ff-5、ff-6、ff-7、ff-8,分别位于LG2、LG3、LG6、LG7连锁群上,这些QTL位点对雌花节位性状表型变异贡献率分别为81.6%、81.0%、81.0%、80.0%、80.6%、81.1%、81.0%、80.7%,其中ff-1、ff-2、ff-5、ff-6、ff-7、ff-8加性效应值为正,为增效加性效应,ff-3、ff-4加性效应值为负,是减效加性效应。