鄯善绿洲廊道景观格局与生态功能研究

以鄯善绿洲为研究区,探讨乡村绿色廊道景观格局与生态功能。利用ERDAS 9.1软件处理影像数据,进行绿色廊道信息分类提取,区划矢量,建立拓扑关系,得出研究区廊道分布现状图;利用ArcGIS 9.2软件对景观结构进行分析。结果表明,研究区内4种类型廊道中,绿色农田防护廊道的长度和密度均最大,长度占到了绿色廊道总长度的49.63%,其次为灰色道路廊道和绿色道路廊道,分别占到26.46%和23.90%,蓝色渠系廊道只占到了0.01%,绿带几乎不存在。研究区内各种廊道,从连通度、线点率到环通度,都处于较低的阶段,致使绿色廊道的作用发挥不到最佳,因而需要在此基础上扩大绿色廊道宽度,增加其连通度,建立相对完善的绿色廊道网络体系,为当地能流、物流以及交通的流畅性提供保障。     

金塔县胡杨林杨潜叶跳象的发生规律及药剂防治效果

近年来杨潜叶跳象对河西走廊地区胡杨(Populus eaphratica)林的危害日益加剧。在金塔县杨潜叶跳象的调查中发现,金塔县气温超过10℃时,杨潜叶跳象出蛰恢复活动,出蛰后立即上树为害胡杨,5月下旬开始化蛹,6月上旬为化蛹盛期。通过喷施5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油1 000倍液,2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油2 000倍液对杨潜叶跳象进行防治,结果表明,4月初在树下喷施1 000倍5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油的胡杨平均好叶率明显高于清水对照胡杨平均好叶率,林内及树下喷施1 000倍5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油,蛹的平均校正死亡率分别为99%、100%,成虫几乎无法完成羽化。     

河西走廊地区羊肉重金属污染的分析研究

该研究旨在分析评估甘肃省河西走廊地区羊肉中重金属含量,为消费者提供食品安全保障.在河西走廊地区5个地级市采集羊肉及羊肝样品100份,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)和原子荧光法对样品中重金属铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)、铬(Cr)5种元素的含量进行检测.结果表明:羊肉样品中铅、铬、砷、镉元素...     

河西走廊盐渍区几种草地盐分动态的研究

对碱茅及芦苇等几种主要草地盐分动态及其影响因素的研究表明，土壤盐分在剖面中随深度降低迅速下降，自然条件下盐分运动的活跃层为０～４０ｃｍ土层，灌水及植被均可加深盐分运动活跃层。春秋两季及植被收割后土壤积盐，其余季节则处于脱盐状况。地下水位深度，植被覆盖度及气象因素是影响土壤盐分动态的主要因子。     

Gap-crossing decisions by forest birds: an empirical basis for parameterizing spatially-explicit,individual-based models

Spatially-explicit, individual-based models are increasingly used to evaluate the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on habitat use and population persistence. Yet, they are criticized on the basis that they rely on little empirical data, especially regarding decision rules of moving individuals. Here we report the results of an experiment measuring the gap-crossing decisions of forest birds attracted to a recording of chickadee(Poecile atricapillus) mobbing calls, and provided with options to travel to the speaker by either crossing an open area (short cut) or taking a longer route under forest cover (detour). We performed the experiment in winter and late summer near Québec City, Québec, Canada. We recorded 1078 travel paths from 6 resident and 12 migratory species in 249 experimental sites. In both seasons, birds preferred to travel under forest cover rather than cross open areas, even when the forested detour conveyed a substantially longer route than the short cut in the open. Only when the detour under forest cover. This was considerably longer than the short-cut in the open, in both relative and absolute terms, were birds more likely to take short cuts, indicating that gap-crossing decisions are scale dependent. However, birds rarely ventured >25 m from forest edges despite having the opportunity to do so. Except for Hairy Woodpeckers (Picoides villosus) which ventured further into the open, all species showed similar gap-crossing decisions. Residents remained marginally closer to forest edges in late summer as compared to in winter. Conspecific group size had no influence on gap-crossing decisions. This experiment supports the hypothesis that forest bird movements are constrained in fragmented landscapes, and provides opportunities to calibrate spatially-explicit, individual-based models addressing the influence of landscape composition and configuration on dispersal. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Drainage Ditches Facilitate Frog Movements in a Hostile Landscape

Ditches are common in landscapes influenced by agricultural, forestry, and peat mining activities, and their value as corridors remains unassessed. Pond-breeding amphibians can encounter hostile environments when moving between breeding, summering, or hibernation sites, and are likely to benefit from the presence of ditches in the landscape. Within a system consisting of ditch networks in bogs mined for peat in eastern New Brunswick, Canada, I quantified the breeding, survival, and movements of green frogs (Rana clamitans melanota) in drainage ditches and also surveyed peat fields. Frogs rarely ventured on peat fields and most individuals frequented drainage ditches containing water, particularly in late summer. Though frogs did not breed in ditches, their survival rate in ditches was high (88%). Ditches did not hinder frog movements, as frogs moved independently of the current. Results indicate that drainage ditches containing water enable some movements between habitats isolated by peat mining, in contrast to peat surfaces, and suggest they function as amphibian movement corridors. Thus, such drainage ditches may mitigate the effects of peat extraction on amphibian populations. At the very least, these structures provide an alternative to hostile peat surfaces. This study highlights that small-scale corridors are potentially valuable in population dynamics.     

河西走廊2000—2020年农业碳排放时空特征及其影响因素

农业是一个较为复杂的温室气体源/汇系统,不同区域、不同种养情况导致农业系统呈现碳源或碳汇两种情况。分析农业系统中碳排放特征及其影响因素,对实现农业绿色发展具有重要的意义,也为推动实现“碳达峰”“碳中和”目标提供数据依据。本研究以河西走廊为例,测算了2000—2020年河西走廊地区20个县市的农业碳排放量,并分析了农业碳排放时空特征及其影响因素。结果显示：2000—2020年河西走廊地区农业碳排放呈现缓慢上升状态。农业碳排放量最大的区域为凉州区和甘州区,占河西走廊地区农业碳排放总量的31.74%。从种植业与养殖业来看,河西走廊地区种植业为碳汇,碳吸收量达1.41×10⁸ t,养殖业为碳源,碳排放量达4.17×10⁷ t。2000—2020年河西走廊地区农业净碳排放量呈现起伏变化,但总体呈下降趋势,农业系统向碳汇转变。在种植业中对农业碳排放影响最大的因子为种植规模,在规模稳定发展区域影响最大的因素为机械化程度,在规模较小的区域主要影响因素为农村用电量;在养殖业中对规模较大区域和养殖业占比较高区域影响最大的因素为养殖规模,关联度在0.90以上。2000—2020年河西走廊地区农业碳排放强度表现为从随机分布到显著聚集的过程,农业碳排放重心缓慢向东南方向转移,但仅在张掖市内迁移。     

极旱荒漠区湿地植被动态变化监测——以甘肃敦煌阳关国家级自然保护区为例

利用1988—2016年共541幅Landsat 5 TM和Landsat 8 OLI影像,计算了极旱荒漠区中西土沟和渥洼池湿地植被（以芦苇为主）的归一化植被指数(NDVI),分别从NDVI,湿地植被面积和平均NDVI这3个方面对湿地植被特征进行分析,对敦煌阳关国家级自然保护区（以下称阳关保护区）内的渥洼池和西土沟湿地植被进行植被覆盖度估算,判断其变化。根据谷歌影像和现地调查,确定NDVI >0.1是识别西土沟和渥洼池湿地植被的最佳阈值,通过对保护区湿地植被的统计计算,研究其变化趋势。研究发现,渥洼池和西土沟的湿地植被都有明显的增加趋势。     

以生物多样性保护的视角完善校园绿化设计的思考——以河北旅游学院南校区为例

以河北旅游学院的南校区为案例,以景观生态学的的斑块—廊道—本底的模型探讨有利于保护鸟类等野生动物的绿化设计措施,认为通过整合琐碎的斑块,延长、加密、加宽林带,形成有效节点,补植浆果、坚果等鸟类喜食的树种,有利于为鸟类等野生动物提供栖息地和庇护所。     

河西走廊绿洲灌区循环模式"农田-食用菌"生产系统氮素流动特征

河西走廊绿洲灌区在农业产业化进程加快的同时,也带来了水资源和生态环境的压力.本文利用养分流动和模型分析的方法,分析河西走廊绿洲灌区典型“农田-食用菌”生产系统(农田-食用菌集约生产模式、农田-食用菌单户生产模式、农田单作)的氮元素流动特征.结果表明:农田作物秸秆通过食用菌体系还田使氮素利用率提高了10％左右,秸秆还田氮输入量(165.6kg· hm-2·a-1)占农田氮素总输入量的37.1％,使化肥氮输入量减少,因此秸秆氮的合理循环利用可作为减少化肥投入的有效途径.但农田氮素仍有盈余,单位面积氮盈余量高达217.0 kg·hm-2· a-1,未能实现循环模式内养分平衡的理想效果,因此优化氮素管理、确定合理的大田作物和食用菌面积、调整农业产业结构是解决该问题的关键.