蓖麻适用除草剂筛选及防效研究

为筛选安全有效的蓖麻田间除草剂,选用4种除草剂对蓖麻田间杂草防效进行了田间试验研究。结果表明：除草效果最好的处理为氟乐灵1800g/hm2+扑草净2250g/hm2、氟乐灵1800g/hm2+甲乙莠6000g/hm2,对蓖麻基本没有药害。     

河西走廊玉米苗枯病的发生规律及防治方法

经对河西走廊玉米制种产区苗枯病进行田间调查和病原菌形态、培养性状和致病性测定,结果表明:玉米苗枯病是由串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium moniliforme)、禾谷镰刀菌(F.graminearum)、玉米丝核菌(Rhizoctonia)等多种真菌复合侵染引起,其中河西地区主要以串珠镰刀菌(F.moniliforme)为主。带菌的种子和土壤是该病的初侵染来源,品种抗性差,苗期低温高湿及土壤肥力是影响发病的主要因素。选择抗病品种、种子药剂处理、加强肥水管理是防治玉米苗枯病的有效措施。其中以种子量0.15%的多菌灵、福美双等拌种,防治效果分别为94.13%、91.32%。     

Effect of cooking on proteinase inhibitors ofDolichos lablab bean (Dolichos lablab perpureus L.)

Proteinase inhibitory activity in ten different varieties ofDolichos lablab perpureus. L. was determined. All the varieties tested exhibited appreciable level of proteinase inhibitory activity (PIA). The trypsin inhibitory activity (TIA) (Mean:20170 TIU/g) was relatively higher than the chymotrypsin inhibitory activity (CIA) (Mean: 15380 CIU/g). Effect of temperature and cooking on PIA was studied. The nature of cooking medium and duration of cooking had profound effect on the PIA. The dry fried seeds lost their PIA very rapidly (91% in 20 min). Seeds cooked in slightly alkaline medium lost their PIA quickly (89% in 30 min) compared to those cooked in acidic (80% in 30 min) and neutral pH (83% in 30 min). The PIA in green pods was also determined and they had only one third of the PIA (8200 TIU/g and 8125 CIU/g) found in the dry seeds.     

植物生长调节剂在玉米上的增产效果试验初报

玉米使用W-HE生物表面活化剂、CHE3植物生长调节剂、喷施宝、丰产宝、生根粉、丰收素能促进玉米前期的生长发育,有利于根系的生长和干物质的积累,提高双穗率,对植株有较明显的活化和调节作用,增产效果明显。     

The control of polyphenol oxidase activity in fruits and vegetables

Objective of this research was to find alternative methods for the control of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in fruits and vegetables with the purpose of reducing or eliminating the use of SO₂ for this purpose. Interactions between the use of ascorbic acid, citric acid, EDTA, sodium metabisulphite and heat treatment (70 °C for 2 min) in the control of PPO activity were studied in avocado (var. Fortuna), banana (var. Nanica), apple (var. Ana, Fuji, Gala & Golden), pear (var. D'Agua), peach (var. Real), potato (var. Bintje), eggplant (var. Super F100), mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and hearts-of-palm (Euterpe edulis Mart.). The results demonstrated that PPO of avocado and eggplant was most resistant to inhibition by the methods used. The least efficient method tested for the control of PPO was the addition of ascorbic acid and EDTA, while the most efficient methods investigated included the use of ascorbic acid, citric acid, sodium metabisulphite and heat treatment. The results indicated that, with the exception of PPO from avocado, the most adequate alternative method to substitute for the use of SO₂ in the control of PPO was a combination of ascorbic acid, citric acid and heat treatment.     

24%烯草酮乳油防除甜菜田禾本科杂草效果

通过对不同浓度24%的烯草酮乳油在甜菜上的应用,用精稳杀得做对照,来试验烯草酮乳油在甜菜上的效果,以选择出适合甜菜生产所适用的除草剂及浓度。结果表明,不同浓度的烯草酮乳油防治甜菜杂草效果显著。     

相同遗传背景下7 8与17 18亚基对小麦理化品质的影响

为准确研究不同高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）对小麦品质的贡献，消除因取材不同对结果的影响，用甘春20号（1，7＋8，5＋10）和永良4号（1，17＋18，5＋10）分别进行正、反交，使其杂种后代间具有相同的遗传背景，在杂种F3代选择只有7＋8亚基和17＋18亚基差异的单株，对两种类型籽粒的理化品质进行了分析。结果表明，对于蛋白质含量、灰分含量、沉淀值、面筋含量和降落数值，7＋8亚基和17＋18亚基的贡献无明显差别，亚基效应为7＋8=17＋18；对于颗粒度和面筋指数，7＋8亚基的贡献明显大于17＋18亚基，差异达到极显著水平，亚基效应为7＋8〉17＋18；对于出粉率，17＋18亚基的贡献明显大于7＋8亚基，亚基效应为7＋8〈17＋18，差异也达到极显著水平。     

Impact of seawater intrusion control on the environment,land use and household incomes in a coastal area

Agricultural production in the coastal wetlands of Asia is often hindered by salinity intrusion caused by tidal fluctuation. This paper reports changes in environmental and socio-economic conditions that followed the phased construction and operation of sluices for controlling seawater intrusion from 1994 –2000 in a coastal area of the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam. Canal water salinity decreased rapidly upstream of sluices, allowing rice cropping intensification and increased rice production in the eastern part of the study area. However, the livelihoods of farmers in the western part were adversely affected due to cessation of supply of brackish water that was needed for brackish-water shrimp farming, while the acid sulphate soils present there posed problems for rice cultivation. The poor farmers and landless people suffered more because the fishery resource that they depended on declined sharply due to reduced salinity and increased acidity in the canal water. The findings confirmed that the environment and resource use in the coastal lands are very sensitive to external intervention. A clear understanding of the socio-economic and environmental impacts of salinity control measures in coastal areas can help planning to enhance farmers' incomes while minimizing negative environmental impacts. Land-use policy formulation, planning and management should adopt a more holistic approach, taking into account the interests of all resource users, especially the poor, instead of focusing on any particular sector.     

嘧肽·吗啉胍对茄科作物PVYN的防效研究

[目的]明确嘧肽·吗啉胍对马铃薯Y病毒坏死株系(PVYN)在不同茄科植物上的抑制作用.[方法]研究嘧肽·吗啉胍对PVYN在不同茄科作物上的防效,并采用分光光度计法测定植株体内PVYN病毒的浓度.[结果]嘧肽·吗啉胍对不同茄科寄主上的PVYN引起的病毒病害均具有较好的防治效果,可明显降低感病茄科作物体内pVYN的浓度.[结论]试验结果为嘧肽·吗啉胍的推广应用及由pVYN引起的病害防治提供了理论依据.     

不同间隔期喷施波尔多液对苹果褐斑病的防效评价

[目的]确定延长波尔多液施用间隔时间的可行性,为在实际生产管理中合理施用该药剂提供参考.[方法]2012、2013年分别间隔14、21和28 d施用波尔多液防治苹果褐斑病,评价其对苹果褐斑病的防治效果.[结果]当施用波尔多液间隔期为28 d时,减少施药次数1～2次,仍能有效防治苹果褐斑病.[结论]通过试验延长了波尔多液的施药间隔期并减少了使用次数,节省了成本,降低了污染.