2007年吉林省大豆主要病虫害发生及相应防治对策

从2007年8月19日到9月15日对吉林省全省9个地区25个市县乡镇大豆生产田,省大豆区试、生试大豆田的主要病虫害发生情况进行了定点调查和病样采集。结果表明:近年由于气候的原因,大豆霜霉病和大豆褐斑病中等偏重发生,大豆蚜虫个别地区大发生。依据调查情况,提出了相应的大豆病害防治对策。     

Comparison of the persistent activity of ivermectin, abamectin, doramectin and moxidectin in cattle in Zambia

The persistent efficacy of four commercially available macrocyclic lactones (ML) in maintaining reduced faecal egg counts in cattle grazing naturally infested pastures was evaluated in 44 zebu animals aged 1–2 years in Zambia. The study started in February (rainy season) when the strongyle egg output was increasing. Four days before the start of the trial, all animals were treated with a double dose of oxfendazole. They were then divided into five groups which were again treated on day 0. Groups A, D, I and M received 0.2 mg kg⁻¹ of abamectin, doramectin, ivermectin and moxidectin, respectively. Animals of group C received albendazole (7.5 mg kg⁻¹). Faecal samples were collected twice a week for egg counts and larval differentiation. Faecal egg counts in the C group increased from day 21 onwards and plateaued from day 42 between 180 and 380 eggs per gram. The main genera found in cultures were Cooperia (90%) and Haemonchus (7%). Faecal egg excretion in groups M, A, D and I started on day 35, 42, 42 and 45, respectively. subsequently and until day 84, average counts in these four groups were always significantly lower than in group C. Compared with albendazole, all four ML gave over 95% reduction in cumulative faecal egg counts for 42 days after treatment. The percentage efficacy was still over 84% by day 84 when an average cumulative egg count of 11 320 eggs per gram faeces was calculated in group C. In addition, there was no significant difference in efficacy between the four ML groups at any of the sampling dates. During the trial no significant difference in weight gain between any of the groups was observed.     

核桃腐烂病的发生与防治

略述了核桃腐烂病的危害症状、发病规律和适宜发病的生态环境 ,指出该病的防治方法     

早熟禾锈病的研究

人工接种实验结果证明，哈尔滨市早熟禾锈病是由冠锈菌引起的，其转主寄主为：小叶鼠李、金刚鼠李和东北鼠李。该病菌主要以冬孢子越冬，也有少量夏孢子可以越冬。用夏孢子人工接种潜育期为９￣１４ｄ，用锈孢子人工接种在２０℃时潜育期为８￣１２ｄ。早熟禾锈病的发病高峰期一般在８月上旬￣９月上旬，病情的轻重与降雨量关系较大。防治试验结果表明：用火烧去草坪上的干枯叶能推迟和降低发病率１０％；定期合理修剪草坪，茬高８ｃ     

2003-2005年SCI收录中国疾病预防控制中心论文的计量分析

通过对2003-2005年SCI收录中国疾病预防控制中心发表论文情况进行统计分析，了解该中心近几年的科研论文状况和水平，并针对分析结果提出一些建议。     

国内甜菜产区主要害虫种类及防治技术研究动态

综述了甜菜主要害虫种类及防治技术等方面的研究进展，并对甜菜主要害虫种类的防治策略做了进一步探讨。     

Factors affecting costs for on-farm control of salmonella in Swedish dairy herds

Background

The Swedish control program for salmonella includes restrictions and on-farm control measures when salmonella is detected in a herd. Required control measures are subsidised by the government. This provides an opportunity to study costs for on-farm salmonella control. The aim of this study was to describe the costs for on-farm salmonella control in Swedish cattle herds and to investigate the effects of herd factors on these costs in dairy herds.

Results

During the 15 years studied there had been a total of 124 restriction periods in 118 cattle herds; 89 dairy herds, 28 specialised fattening herds and three suckler herds. The average costs per herd for on-farm salmonella control was 4.60 million SEK with a median of 1.06 million SEK corresponding to approximately 490 000 and 110 000 EUR. The range was 0.01 to 41 million SEK corresponding to 1080 EUR to 4.44 million EUR per farm. The costs cover measures required in herd-specific control plans, generally measures improving herd hygiene. A mixed linear model was used to investigate associations between herd factors and costs for on-farm salmonella control in dairy herds. Herd size and length of the restriction period were both significantly associated with costs for on-farm control of salmonella with larger herds and longer periods of restrictions leading to higher costs. Serotype detected and administrative changes in the Swedish Board of Agriculture aiming at reducing costs were not associated with costs for on-farm salmonella control.

Conclusions

On-farm control of salmonella in Swedish cattle herds incurred high costs but the costs also varied largely between herds. Larger herds and longer restriction periods increased the costs for on-farm control of salmonella in Swedish dairy herds. This causes concern for future costs for the Swedish salmonella control program as herd sizes are increasing.     

Preliminary evaluation of Community-Led Total Sanitation for the control of Taenia solium cysticercosis in Katete District of Zambia

Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis is a zoonotic disease endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. It is associated with poor sanitary practices, free-range pig husbandry and lack of disease awareness in endemic communities. A comparative research was conducted with pre and post-intervention assessments in nine villages to evaluate Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) as an intervention measure for the control of porcine cysticercosis in Katete District in the Eastern Province of Zambia. Blood samples were collected from pigs for circulating antigen detection and a questionnaire focused on the household was administered to a total of 153 respondents whose pigs were examined (64 pre-intervention, 89 post-intervention), in order to obtain information on general demographic characteristics, pig husbandry practices, sanitation practices and associated knowledge and awareness of T. solium infections. The first sampling was conducted prior to the implementation of the CLTS and second sampling eight months after triggering of CLTS in the selected villages. A total of 379 pig serum samples were examined using the B158/B60 Ag-ELISA to detect T. solium cysticercosis, 104 pre-intervention and 275 post-intervention, of which 14 (13.5%) and 45 (16.4%) were positive, respectively. Wald test p-values were computed to assess significant differences in the variables of interest mentioned above for the pre and post CLTS. The research revealed that CLTS as a control measure did not significantly improve T. solium infections in pigs. The research also revealed that the sanitation practices and awareness of cysticercosis did not change. It is recommended that a longer term evaluation be undertaken when the villages have been declared open defaecation free. In addition, the research recommends that health education, mass drug treatment and pig vaccination be incorporated, as an essential component of prevention and control programmes for T. solium infections.     

肃南县荒漠化草原大沙鼠防治效果

近几年肃南县发生不同程度的草原鼠害,给当地畜牧业带来了巨大的经济损失。特别是2012年肃南县荒漠化草原大沙鼠危害呈"爆发"趋势,鼠灾发生对实施退牧还草禁牧区的草原生态环境和水土保持造成严重破坏,加剧了草场退化和荒漠化进程。     

烟粉虱防治药剂筛选及其混配组合的应用效果研究

为筛选防治烟粉虱的高效安全药剂并探索其药剂防控技术的优化配套,2012-2013年进行了防治药剂不同浓度处理及不同混配组合对瓜类烟粉虱成虫的防控效果及安全性的田间试验。结果表明,对长瓜烟粉虱的防治,240 g/L氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂效果最好,药后24 h至14 d防效在68%以上;吡蚜酮与哒螨灵混配后防效显著高于单剂处理。对水果黄瓜烟粉虱的防治,50%杀虫环可溶粉剂与5.7%甲维盐水分散粒剂不同浓度混配处理药后24 h至7 d防效在80%以上,与240 g/L氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂等其他药剂防效相当;且混配处理后对红蜘蛛有较好的兼治作用。此外,吡蚜酮+哒螨灵、杀虫环+甲维盐的药剂混配组合,可与氟啶虫胺腈等药剂按推荐剂量在田间轮换使用,延缓抗药性的产生。