Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) bycatch in Canadian pelagic longline fisheries: Relative importance in the western North Atlantic and opportunities for mitigation

Little is known about the ecology of loggerhead turtles, Caretta caretta, in Canadian waters. However, Canada's eastern waters off the Scotian Shelf, Georges Bank and Grand Banks appear to be seasonal foraging habitats based on dates and locations where they have been captured as fishery bycatch. Estimates derived from data recorded by the international observer program (IOP) and used for this study suggest that thousands of mostly immature loggerheads have been captured in the Canadian pelagic longline fishery (PLF) in the western North Atlantic since 1999. These data suggest that the PLFs for tuna and swordfish are among the most important causes of incidental capture. Although U.S. and Canadian bycatch estimation methods differ and uncertainty associated with the estimates is high, it is clear from the IOP data that bycatch in the Canadian PLF is substantial and roughly within the same magnitude as that reported for the entire U.S. fleet in the North Atlantic for the same period (1999–2005). Analysis of bycatch observer data from the Canadian PLF and other empirical data suggests that fishing at temperatures below 20 °C using fish rather than squid bait and size-18 circle hooks could reduce loggerhead bycatch and mortality. However, research is needed to identify the best options and their commercial viability. Loggerheads that use Canadian Maritime waters are one of the least studied groups of loggerheads in the world, so systematic long-term studies on the ecology of loggerheads in Canada would help fill important information gaps and assist in developing effective recovery plans for this species.     

利用GIS分析中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔场的时空变动

根据中西太平洋1984~2003年金枪鱼围网渔业的渔获量统计资料,利用G IS定性分析方法和数值分析方法对中西太平洋海区的金枪鱼围网渔场的时空变动进行研究。研究结果表明:1984年到1991年,CPUE值在12.0~17.3 t/(d.n)之间;1992年至2003年,CPUE值在19.1~27.9 t/(d.n)之间,两个阶段的CPUE差异显著;Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ类渔场基本上全部分布在5°S~5°N、140°E~180°之间,但Ⅲ类渔场在南半球略往东延伸,在10~5°S、155°~160°E之间也有分布;Ⅳ、Ⅴ类渔场则分布在Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ类渔场的周边,其中Ⅳ类渔场主要位于东经地区,Ⅴ类渔场主要位于西经地区。     

Condition assessment of lamprey populations in the Yorkshire Ouse catchment,north‐east England,and the potential influence of physical migration barriers

• 1. River lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) and sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) are designated features of the River Derwent Special Area of Conservation (SAC) and the Humber Estuary (a possible SAC). This study determined the condition of lamprey populations in the Yorkshire Ouse catchment by assessing the species composition, distribution, abundance and size‐structure of larval (ammocoete) populations in five major tributary rivers (Derwent, Swale, Ure, Nidd and Wharfe).
• 2. According to EU condition assessment criteria, Lampetra populations (assumed to be mostly river lamprey) are at present in favourable condition, with site mean (±SE) densities ranging from 2.7 (±1.2) to 160.3 (±50.5) individuals m^?2 (all river means >2 individuals m^?2), and at least two size (≈age) classes present in optimal microhabitats. By contrast, no sea lamprey larvae were recorded, suggesting that populations of this species are in unfavourable condition.
• 3. Actions to protect and enhance nationally or internationally important stocks must be implemented from at least a catchment perspective, because many of the issues affecting such species are not localized. With respect to lampreys, particular attention should be given to protecting spawning and nursery habitats, improving water quality, reducing impingement at abstraction points, preventing exploitation at spawning grounds and increasing passage at potential physical obstructions.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海洋渔业资源衰退的人文因素分析

文章通过问卷调查等方式从消费观、价值观等角度分析了人文因素与渔业资源衰竭的关系;分析了社会机制问题与渔业资源衰竭的关系。文章指出,渔业资源环境的消耗与我国人口、经济、社会机制等问题有着直接的相关性,应该从渔业资源修复的社会机制、增强人们保护资源的意识、提倡节约等方面加以完善和提高。     

肉仔鸡饲养初探

养好肉仔鸡的关键是选择质量可靠的品种苗雏，喂以全价营养饲料，特别要加强雏鸡阶段的饲养管理，如温度、饮水等，按照科学的免疫程序进行免疫，做好肉仔鸡常见病的防制。     

Apparent digestibility of rendered animal protein ingredients for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The apparent digestibility of 20 rendered animal protein ingredients from various origins was determined in three digestibility trials. The ingredients consisted of eight blood meals, four feather meals, six meat and bone meals and two poultry by-product meals. Within each type of ingredient, a relatively large range of raw materials, processing conditions and equipment were represented. In each of three trials, a reference diet was mixed with test ingredients in a 70:30 ratio to produce a series of test diets. The reference and test diets were fed to rainbow trout reared at 15°C and fecal samples were collected using the “Guelph system”. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) for protein and energy of the four feather meals varied between 81 and 87% and 76 and 80%. Significant differences in the ADC for protein of feather meal were observed and may be related to the drying equipment. The ADC for protein of the two poultry by-product meals was 87 and 91% and that of energy 77 and 87%. The ADC for protein and energy of the six meat and bone meals varied between 83 and 89% and 68 and 83%, respectively. Treatment of one of the meat and bone meals by air-classification to reduce its ash content resulted in a significant increase in the ADC for protein and lipid. ADC for protein of the blood meals varied between 82 and 99% whereas ADC for energy varied between 79 and 99%. Spray-dried blood products (whole blood, blood cells, blood plasma) were highly digestible (ADC protein=96-99%). Rotoplate-, steam-tube- and ring-dried blood meals had significantly lower ADC for protein and energy than spray-dried blood products.     

南板蓝病虫种类调查及综合防治

2003～2004年对贵州地道中药材南板蓝病虫害种类进行了调查.结果表明,南板蓝常见病虫有9种（病害5种,虫害4种）,均为贵州南板蓝病虫害的新记录.根据对病虫系统研究,提出了贵州南板蓝GAP基地病虫害综合防治技术措施.     

国家级生态乡镇建设与农村生态经济的互动效应

创建国家级生态乡镇活动的12年多来,开展创建国家级生态乡镇活动与生态经济可持续发展之间,产生了良好的互动效应,有利于提升农村的生态文明水平,有利于实现农村经济发展与环境保护的"双赢"。该研究基于国家级生态乡镇建设指标体系的导向作用,分析了国家级生态乡镇建设的示范作用及社会效益。     

广东省南美白对虾豚鼠气单胞菌的分离鉴定

广东省某养殖场南美白对虾于2012年突发传染病,为确定该病病原并对其进行有效防制,特利用分子生物学技术对病原进行了分离鉴定。结果从发病南美白对虾分离纯化到1株优势菌ZHBX12016,将该菌人工浸浴感染南美白对虾,5 d后南美白对虾死亡率达95%,且发病对虾临床症状与自然病例相似,人工注射感染测得其半数致死量LD50为6.43×103cfu/mL。该菌革兰氏染色阴性,短杆状;对半乳糖、蔗糖、甘露醇、葡萄糖产气、精氨酸双水解酶,赖氨酸脱酸酶,葡萄糖酸盐的生化反应性与豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae)(synonym Aeromonas punctata)生化反应结果相同。用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术扩增该菌16S rD NA序列进行测序和生物信息学分析,结果显示:分离菌株与豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae)相似性达97.7%~100%之间,在系统发育树上聚为同一分支。综合该菌形态学、致病性、生理生化和16S rRNA基因分析结果,将其鉴定为豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae)。药敏试验结果表明分离菌株对氯霉素、土霉素、丁胺卡那、呋喃唑酮等高度敏感。     

硅、锌、硼配合氮肥减施对水稻生长的影响

通过田间试验,研究了江汉平原地区氮肥减施条件下,硅、锌、硼等中微量元素配施对水稻生长的影响.结果表明,氮肥在减施20％时,配合硅、锌、硼等中微量元素,不会造成水稻减产,还可以降低穗颈瘟发病率、和优化产量结构.