遮光对青榨槭光合速率及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

研究了遮光15%、35%、50%和全光照处理对青榨槭新梢生长、叶片色素含量、净光合速率以及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明, 随着遮光度增加, 叶片色素含量增加, 叶绿素a /b减小; 叶片净光合速率( Pn) 、初始荧光( Fo) 、原初光能转化效率( Fv/Fm) 和光化学猝灭系数( qP) 增加, 但非光化学猝灭系数( qN) 降低。全光照和遮光15%处理条件下, Pn日变化呈双峰曲线, 而35%和50%处理条件下呈单峰曲线; 遮光35%和50%处理条件下Fv/Fm日变化幅度较小, 15%和全光照处理条件下Fv/Fm日变化呈先上升后下降再上升趋势。50%遮光处理青榨槭幼苗Pn最高, 新梢年生长量最大, 可在育苗生产中应用。     

贵州鲜半夏中微量元素含量的测定

为了解贵州野生半夏和栽培半夏中主要微量元素含量,采用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)和原子荧光光谱法(AFS),对采自贵州12个不同地区的野生半夏和4个栽培半夏进行了微量元素(Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,Hg,As)含量的测定。结果表明:野生半夏和栽培半夏样品中8种微量元素平均含量均为铁>锌>锰>铜>镉>铅>砷>汞,不同地区间微量元素含量存在明显差异,最高相差370多倍;贵州半夏存在较严重的镉污染,超标率达62.5%;其余重金属含量在标准范围内。     

Growth variability of Pacific saury Cololabis saira larvae under contrasting environments across the Kuroshio axis: survival potential of minority versus majority

Growth variability was examined for Pacific saury Cololabis saira larvae under contrasting environments across the Kuroshio axis, based on samples collected during the winter spawning season in 2013 and 2014. The growth rate index (residual of the otolith marginal 3‐day mean increment width from the linear regression on knob length) of larvae was compared among three areas: the inshore side of the Kuroshio axis, the Kuroshio axis, and the offshore side of the Kuroshio axis in relation to sea surface temperature (SST), salinity (SSS) and chlorophyll‐a (CHL) concentration. The larvae were more densely distributed in the Kuroshio axis and offshore areas of higher temperature and salinity and lower chlorophyll‐a concentration than in the inshore areas of lower temperature and salinity and higher chlorophyll‐a concentration. No marked differences in the growth rate index were found among the three areas, even though the larvae in the inshore areas showed slightly higher growth rates in 2013. Despite the broad ranges of environmental factors, no clear relationship between the growth rate index and any environmental factor was detected. The survival potential of Pacific saury larvae was considered to be at least comparable under contrasting environments across the Kuroshio axis. Such a geographical homogeneity is concluded to be attributable to compensable effects of physical and biological factors. We hypothesize that the minority under physically‐unfavorable but biologically‐favorable conditions on the inshore side of the Kuroshio axis could survive equally well as the majority under physically‐favorable but biologically‐unfavorable conditions around the Kuroshio axis and on the offshore side of the Kuroshio axis.     

水肥耦合对黄沙炉渣复合基质栽培黄瓜光合荧光特性、产量及品质的影响

[目的]研究不同水肥耦合处理对黄瓜光合荧光特性、产量及品质的影响.[方法]以新泰密刺黄瓜为试材,在黄沙炉渣复合基质栽培模式下,设置不同的灌水量、氮肥、磷肥和钾肥共4个变量,采用四元二次通用旋转组合设计的1/2.[结果](1)黄瓜净光合速率随着灌溉量的增加而增加;水分较少的情况下,适当的肥料供应可以提高黄瓜光合能力.(2...     

半滑舌鳎创伤弧菌分离鉴定及其荧光定量PCR方法的建立

为确定患病半滑舌鳎的病原,从其体内分离到3株革兰氏阴性菌,将其分别命名为ST-1、ST-3和ST-6,进行细菌理化特性、药敏试验、16S rDNA测序以及组织病理学观察等方面的研究,并建立了外膜蛋白(OMP)基因的SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果显示,3株分离菌株的理化特性符合创伤弧菌特征,16S rDNA与创伤弧菌标准菌株ATCC29307序列相似性达99%以上,系统发育树分析显示,3株分离株与创伤弧菌自然聚为一支,最终鉴定为创伤弧菌;药敏试验显示,3株菌对头孢克肟、头孢哌酮、链霉素、亚胺培南和氟苯尼考等药物高度敏感。人工回归感染试验表明,分离株具有致病性,且半滑舌鳎、斑马鱼的临床症状与自然患病鱼症状相似;组织病理学观察显示,鳃丝上皮细胞增生,鳃小片肿胀黏连、颗粒细胞和黏液细胞增多,肝脏中央静脉淤血,肾脏出血、坏死,肠道黏膜固有层萎缩、黏液细胞增多等。进一步建立OMP基因的荧光定量PCR方法,结果显示,标准曲线的相关系数为0.995,检测下限为1.88×10~2 CFU/mL。以上结果可为半滑舌鳎弧菌病的致病机理、分子诊断和防治提供科学参考。     

不同种类浮游植物对CO2浓度升高的响应

本研究采用实验生态学的方法,以金藻、硅藻、绿藻3个门中的4种常见饵料藻叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria sp.)、三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)和亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)为研究对象,分析比较不同浮游植物的细胞数量和质量对CO2浓度升高引起的海水酸化的响应情况。结果显示,与对照组相比,(1) CO2浓度升高显著提高了这4种藻的生长速率(P<0.05);其中,亚心形扁藻平均比生长速率最高,比对照组高出13.5%;小球藻次之,为5.9%;叉鞭金藻和三角褐指藻均为2.2%。(2) CO2浓度升高使浮游植物细胞内的碳(C)含量增加、氮(N)含量降低,C/N提高;种间差异较大,其中,亚心形扁藻的C/N、C/P值、小球藻的C/P值和三角褐指藻的C/N值显著提高,叉鞭金藻不显著。(3) CO2浓度升高使小球藻单位细胞叶绿素a含量显著提高,小球藻通过提高光合作用能力促进生长,而另外3种藻叶绿素a含量与对照组无显著差异;三角褐指藻最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)在实验初期显著升高;叉鞭金藻非光化学淬灭(NPQ)显著降低,快速光曲线初始斜率(α)显著增加;三角褐指藻和亚心形扁藻潜在的最大光合作用能力(rETRmax)显著升高(P<0.05),但CO2浓度升高对4种藻的光化学淬灭(qP)均没有显著影响(P>0.05)。可见,亚心形扁藻、小球藻和三角褐指藻在高CO2浓度下虽然生长速率加快,但营养质量降低。不同种类的浮游植物对CO2浓度升高的响应不同,这种差异可能会使未来海洋浮游植物群落结构发生变化;浮游植物C/N、C/P值的改变可能通过食物链对次级生产者,诸如浮游动物、滤食性贝类等产生影响。     

Evaluation of coral bleaching condition <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> using an underwater pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer

ABSTRACT:   Photosynthetic activities of hermatypic corals (28 genera, c . 68 species and c. 92 specimen) were measured in November 2000 at Sekisei lagoon, Okinawa, Japan, using an underwater pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer. Maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) ranged from 0.61 to 0.70 and had an average value of 0.664 (standard deviation [SD], 0.0289). Following the measurement of Fv/Fm, quantum yield (Fm'-F)/Fm' at eight-leveled actinic-light intensities were obtained from all specimens. Values of electronic transport rates (ETR) were nearly the same under low photosynthetic active radiation (PAR; µmol quanta/m² per s) condition and varied with increasing PAR. The value of ETR at 100 µmol quanta/m² per s ranged from 21.3 to 30.0 and had an average of 27.8 (SD, 2.09). In August 2001, a coral bleaching event was observed in Sekisei Lagoon. During the event, photosynthetic activities of 21 specimens of eight species (seven genera) were measured. By applying two indicators, Fv/Fm and ETR at 100 µmol quanta/m² per s obtained in August 2000, 18 of 21 specimens were suggested under the bleaching process. In case of Porites lutea , seven colonies were visually evaluated for their condition of bleaching and were found to have two 'normal', three 'slightly bleached' and two 'heavily bleached'. From the density of zooxanthellae, colonies evaluated 'normal' or 'slightly bleached' did not show an apparent difference. However, they were clearly identified by Fm/Fv and ETR at 100 µmol quanta/m² per s.     

海带孢子体光合活性对不同温度和光照的响应

为了从生理生态学角度解答温度和光照对海带孢子体生长过程的影响,探索海带孢子体对温度和光环境的生理响应机制,实验在测定养殖海域海带孢子体生长参数的基础上,设定了6、10、14和18°C 4个水温梯度的海带孢子体暂养实验,以及它们在0、25、70、133、230、317、421、582、786μmol photons/(m2·s) 9个光合有效辐射(PAR)梯度下的光合活性荧光参数测定。结果显示:①在6°C水温条件下,海带孢子体荧光参数Fv/Fm和Fv/F0最大,分别为0.71和2.40;在18°C水温条件下,其Fv/Fm和Fv/F0最小,分别为0.65和1.85;②暂养海带孢子体的光化学淬灭(qP)和非光化学淬灭(qN或NPQ)在18°C水温条件下达到最大,分别为0.92和3.29;③海带孢子体的快速光曲线随着光合有效辐射(PAR)的增强呈现先上升后下降的趋势;④海域养殖海带孢子体的最大叶长增长速率、叶宽增长速率和干重增重率分别为1.34 cm/d、0.33 cm/d和1.01 g/d。研究表明,海带孢子体干重生长率变化与不同水温条件下的快速光曲线变化一致,高温抑制了海带孢子体光合效率;...     

干露胁迫对鼠尾藻生理生化影响的研究

鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)集生于中潮带和低潮带岩石上,在高、中潮带的水陆或石沼中,有的甚至在低潮时较长时间暴露于日光下。低潮露空下的干露胁迫是影响鼠尾藻生存的关键因子。本研究采集野生鼠尾藻为实验材料,在培养箱中分别失水干露0、1、3、6 h,并在海水中恢复培养,测定不同胁迫时间下藻体的失水率、叶绿素荧光参数和生化参数。结果显示,不同大小的鼠尾藻干露胁迫不同时间后的失水率显著不同,胁迫时间越短,藻体越大,失水率越低,大藻体鼠尾藻的保水能力高于小藻体;干露胁迫使鼠尾藻的叶绿素荧光值显著降低,同株鼠尾藻不同部位对干露胁迫的耐受程度显著不同,梢部耐受能力较差,基部耐受能力较强,小藻体和大藻体的梢部伤害较大,不能恢复,鼠尾藻基部可恢复正常生理状态,干露胁迫时,鼠尾藻以非调节性能量耗散机制为主;干露胁迫时,藻体梢部通过抗氧化酶类[(抗超氧阴离子自由基(ASAFR)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD))和非抗氧化物质(可溶性糖、脯氨酸)共同作用来应对胁迫,藻体基部主要是通过上调蛋白、可溶性糖和脯氨酸等含量抵抗胁迫。高中潮带的鼠尾藻较易处于高温、强光和干露失水叠加的胁迫状态,同时,又因外部形态和生活环境的不同,藻体各部分的生理生化特性也有一定的差异。本研究探讨了鼠尾藻干露胁迫下的生理生化状态,对研究鼠尾藻抵抗环境胁迫的生态适应性具有重要的指导意义。     

应用酵母双杂交方法筛选与猪瘟病毒Npro蛋白相互作用的宿主蛋白

为研究猪瘟病毒(CSFV)与宿主细胞间的相互作用,本研究采用酵母双杂交方法以猪瘟病毒Npro蛋白为诱饵,从猪外周血单个核细胞(PBMC) cDNA表达文库中筛选与之相互作用的蛋白,经共转化试验表明,共筛选到12个与Npro蛋白相互作用的宿主蛋白,应用Cytoscape 2.8.2软件绘制了蛋白质间相互作用关系图,根据GO分析结果,这些蛋白分别参与细胞代谢、细胞生长、免疫等过程,经双分子荧光互补(BiFC)试验表明筛得的部分宿主蛋白与CSFV Npro具有相互作用.本研究中筛选得到的蛋白质对CSFV复制的影响有待进一步深入研究.