甘薯不同氯离子测定方法的比较研究

采用加标回收率的方法,分析并比较了硝酸银滴定法、紫外分光光度法和自动电位滴定法测定甘薯(Ipomoea batatas L.)幼苗Cl-含量的结果,并初步探明不同甘薯品种地上部和根系C1-吸收和分布规律.结果表明:(1)硝酸银滴定法重复性差且难以判断滴定终点;紫外分光光度法测定Cl-回收率低(52.9％～81.4％),且受样品浸提液颜色影响;自动电位滴定法Cl-回收率为93.9％～105.5％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.6％～ 6.0％,该方法操作简单、重复性好且精确度高,因此是测定甘薯氯含量的最佳方法;(2)利用自动电位滴定法测定不同甘薯品种Cl-积累和分布,结果显示:甘薯幼苗地上部Cl-含量为0.067～0.096 mmol g-1DW,根系Cl-含量为0.038～0.087 mmol g-1 DW,品种间甘薯幼苗地上部和根系Cl-含量皆存在显著差异.不同品种向地上部转运Cl-选择性比率均大于1.0,表明Cl-向地上部聚集,以菜用型福薯7-6比率最高,紫心型徐紫20-1和浙紫1号次之,淀粉型泉薯9号最低.     

Salinity and Irrigation Method Affect Mineral Ion Relations of Soybean

Abstract

Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill] is moderately salt tolerant, but the method of irrigation used for crop production under saline conditions may influence the uptake and distribution of potentially toxic salts. This field study was conducted to determine the effects of application of saline waters by different methods, namely, drip and above‐canopy sprinkler irrigation, on the ion relations of soybean cultivar “Manokin”. Salinity was imposed by adding NaCl and CaCl₂ (1:1 by weight) to nonsaline irrigation waters. Saline treatments with electrical conductivity (EC _i ) of 4 dS m^?1 were compared with nonsaline controls (EC _i  = 0.5 dS m^?1). Ion concentrations in leaves, stems, roots, and when present, pods were determined at four stages of growth: vegetative, flowering, podding, and grain filling. Both Na⁺ and Cl^? were excluded from the Manokin leaves and stems when plants were drip‐irrigated and the uptake of these ions occurred solely via the root pathway. However, when saline water was applied by sprinkling, the ions entered leaves by both foliar absorption and root uptake and their concentrations in the leaves were about 9‐fold higher than in those under saline drip irrigation. Regardless of treatment, leaf‐K was highest during the vegetative stage, then decreased with plant age as K⁺ was mobilized to meet nutrient demands of the developing reproductive structures.     

氯和硫元素在烟株体内的分布

运用对应分析(correspondenceanalysis)的方法对2002年云南红河烟厂基地生产的不同部位的烤烟进行了氯和硫元素在烟株体内的分布的研究。结果表明:氯、硫元素在烟株体内的分布从烟株的上部到下部,缺乏明显规律性。对应分析可有效地揭示烟叶部位与氯、硫元素的分布关系。     

盐逆境下氯离子通道抑制剂对栽培大豆离子吸收、转运和含量的影响

以大豆栽培品种‘中黄13’为试验材料,在幼苗三出复叶期外加3种氯离子通道抑制剂Zn²⁺、蒽-9-羧酸（9-AC）和尼氟灭酸（NAF）经盐逆境处理10 d,基于根长、株高和植株表型的比较分析,选择Zn²⁺作为氯离子通道抑制剂。通过比较不同处理下大豆幼苗叶主脉和根部解剖结构以及叶部离子含量（Na⁺、K⁺ 、Cl^-和NO^-₃含量）相关指标的变化,探讨盐逆境下Zn²⁺对大豆幼苗的影响。结果表明：（1）盐逆境下外加不同氯离子抑制剂对盐逆境作用效果依次表现为：Zn²⁺>NaCl ≈ 9-AC > NAF,Zn²⁺能缓解大豆盐伤害作用;（2）盐逆境外加Zn²⁺后,大豆幼苗根和叶部导管孔径大小及中柱直径与根直径比值均有所回升,而叶部Cl^-含量和Cl^-/NO^-₃值均有所回落,介于对照和盐逆境处理之间。离子含量数据表明,盐逆境下外加Zn²⁺能够降低大豆幼苗叶片Cl^-含量,有效缓解盐逆境对大豆幼苗的伤害,且这种缓解作用与大豆幼苗叶主脉和根部解剖结构（如导管数量、孔径大小和皮层比例等）的变化有关。以上结果支持Zn²⁺是一种合适的栽培大豆Cl^-通道抑制剂这一结论。     

PAFC对微山湖低温低浊水混凝效果初探

基于低温低浊水混凝效果差、处理方法复杂的现状,以微山湖的低温低浊水为试验水样,通过烧杯试验初步探讨了用聚合氯化铝铁做混凝剂的混凝效果。在试验水样中投加不同数量的所选混凝剂溶液,用电动搅拌器进行搅拌,充分混合、反应后测其在不同静沉时间时上清液的浊度和色度,取平均值作为测定结果。结果表明：在水温2.4℃,静沉21min时上清液即满足沉后出水浊度的要求;混凝剂中氧化铁的含量未造成出水色度增加;此时混凝剂的最佳投加量为10mg/L。可见,在不投加助凝剂的条件下直接用聚合氯化铝铁作混凝剂处理微山湖低温低浊水,其方法简单,可达到满意的混凝效果。     

Relationships between nutrients and sucrose concentrations in sugarcane juice and use of juice analysis for nutrient diagnosis in Japan

Sugarcane is an important economic crop in southwest Japan, but its production is decreasing. To increase sugar production, both sugarcane yield and quality should be improved. Fertilizer management is one of the factors that influence sugarcane quality. We accordingly focused on nutrients present in sugarcane juice and attempted to identify the key factors affecting sugarcane quality. We collected sugarcane samples from 2013 to 2015 from all of the sugar mills in Japan and examined the relationships between juice nutrients and sucrose concentration. Juice analysis over 3 year showed that potassium (K⁺) and chloride (Cl^?) were the most abundant cation and anion in the juice and that both negatively correlated with the sucrose concentration. K⁺ and Cl^? concentrations significantly varied depending on production areas and those with higher K⁺ and Cl^? concentrations had a low sucrose concentration. This finding suggests that sugarcane in those areas may have been supplied with these two ions in excess. Electrical conductivity (EC) in the juice always positively correlated with K⁺ and Cl^? concentrations. EC may thus be a reliable indicator of K⁺ and Cl^? concentrations and could be used for nutrient diagnosis because of its ease of measurement. For improving sugarcane quality, we recommend that potassium chloride, which supplies both K⁺ and Cl^? and is a commonly used potassium fertilizer for sugarcane production in Japan, should be used in lower quantities in a year following one in which the EC of sugarcane juice at harvest is found to be high.     

氯化胆碱在持续降温条件下对香蕉苗生理指标的影响

通过喷施不同浓度氯化胆碱(CC, Choline Chloride)来筛选持续降温条件下香蕉苗最佳抗寒保护剂量。结果表明：喷施CC浓度为50 mg/L时能显著提高持续降温条件下香蕉苗过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）酶活性,而丙二醛（MDA）含量、相对电导率（REC）则明显降低。50 mg/L可作为香蕉苗抗寒保护剂。     

A Comparison of the Accuracy and Efficiency of Two Ionic Strength Adjustment Buffers in Measuring Potassium Using an Ion-Selective Electrode

It is recommended to use ionic strength adjustment buffers to increase reading accuracy while measuring potassium (K⁺) concentrations in aqueous solutions by using ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). Three laboratory leachate column studies were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of two buffers, 2.5 M sodium perchlorate (NaClO₄) and 2.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl), in measuring K⁺ concentrations in three media types (peat moss, Oxisols, and Mollisols soils). Three algae species, KCl, and KNO₃ were applied to provide 112 and 336 kg K/ha. Leachate samples were collected to a total of 16 weeks and measured using a K-ISE. The K⁺ data from the three trials showed a highly significant (r ~ 0.99) correlation between the two buffers. T-Test results showed highly significant (P < 0.01) differences between unbuffered and the two buffered solutions. However, there were no significant differences between the two buffered solutions, under the peat moss, Oxisols, and Mollisols soils. The results suggest that the least expensive buffer of 2.5 M NaCl is as accurate as NaClO₄ in such aqueous solutions.     

施氯对烟草植株光合特性的影响

为研究施氯对烟草植株光合特性的影响,采用盆栽试验研究了不同施氯量对K326烟草植株光合作用及最大叶各指标的影响。结果表明,随施氯量增加,光合作用增强,到达一定量后,效果下降。每公顷施用45kg NH4Cl效果最好。     

苯扎氯铵溶液用于烧伤创面的初步临床观察

【】目的 观察苯扎氯铵溶液对烧伤创面的抑菌作用及对创面愈合的影响。方法 30 名成年住院烧伤患者,按自身对照分别使用苯扎氯铵和碘伏溶液换药,在第 1、第7天换药前行细菌培养观察长期抑菌作用;10例在消毒后 3min 再次行细菌培养,观察其即时消毒效果;第7天观察创面愈合率。结果 苯扎氯铵组和碘伏组的长期、即时抑菌作用基本类似,用药第7天创面愈合率苯扎氯铵组高于碘伏组,差异有统计学意义。结论 苯扎氯铵溶液用于烧伤创面的抑菌作用与碘伏类似,并且有利于创面愈合。