一个玉米氯离子通道基因(clc)的电子克隆及生物信息学分析

氯离子通道植物生理代谢中起着重要的角色.通过电子克隆的方法获得玉米氯离子通道的cDNA全长序列.发现该基因包括5个外显子和4个内含子,并对其表达产物进行生物信息学分析,其表达产物与拟南芥ATCLC-A,ATCLC-B具有较高的相似性.     

氯离子诱导的钢筋混凝土结构耐久性研究

从影响氯离子传输的因素、临界氯离子浓度、氯离子向混凝土内传输的机理、氯离子传输预测模型等方面对因氯离子诱导的钢筋腐蚀造成的钢筋混凝土（RC）结构耐久性能退化问题进行了评述,提出了需要进一步研究的问题.     

氯化镧对MBR膜污染控制的影响研究

投加添加剂是现阶段缓解MBR膜污染的主要手段之一。稀土金属的优良特性为缓解膜污染提供了可能。实验选取氯化镧为添加剂,以空白组作为对照,分别在HRT为18 h、12 h和6 h下对比两组MBR系统中活性污泥的过滤性能、压缩性能、EPS和SMP含量。结果表明:在HRT为6 h时,加镧组污泥过滤总阻力为空白组的1/2,污泥比阻为空白组的1/10,污泥压缩系数比空白组提高34.7%,SMP和EPS浓度均较空白组低20%以上,P/C值是空白组的2倍以上。氯化镧通过改善混合液的过滤性能、压缩性能、降低污染物的含量及改变其相对疏水性缓解了膜污染。     

Role of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration in the regulation of calcium-activated chloride channels in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells

AIM: To investigate the role of intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentration (［Ca²⁺］_i) in the regulation of calcium-activated chloride (Cl_Ca) channels in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of rats under normoxic, acute and chronic hypoxic conditions. METHODS: Acute hypoxia-induced contraction was observed in rat pulmonary artery by using routine blood vascular perfusion in vitro. The fluorescence Ca²⁺ indicator Fura-2/AM was used to observe ［Ca²⁺］_i of rat PASMCs in normal and chronic hypoxic condition. The influences of Cl_Ca channels on PASMCs proliferation were assessed by MTT assay. RESULTS: (1) The Cl_Ca channel blockers niflumic acid (NFA) and indaryloxyacetic acid (IAA-94) produced inhibitory effects on acute hypoxia-evoked contractions in pulmonary artery. (2) Under chronic hypoxic condition, ［Ca²⁺］_i was increased. In normoxic condition, ［Ca²⁺］_i was (123.63±18.98) nmol/L, and in hypoxic condition, ［Ca²⁺］_i was (281.75±16.48)nmol/L (P<0.01). (3) In normoxic condition, ［Ca²⁺］_i had no significant change and no effect on Cl_Ca channels was observed (P>0.05). (4) Chronic hypoxic increased ［Ca²⁺］_i which opened Cl_Ca channels. The NFA and IAA-94 blocked them and decreased ［Ca²⁺］_i from (281.75±16.48)nmol/L to (117.66±15.36)nmol/L (P<0.01). (5) MTT assay showed that in chronic hypoxic condition NFA and IAA-94 decreased the value of absorbing light degree (A value) from 0.459±0.058 to 0.224±0.025 (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Hypoxia increased ［Ca²⁺］_i which opened Cl_Ca channels and had a positive-feedback to ［Ca²⁺］_i. This may play an important role in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. In chronic hypoxic condition, Cl_Ca channel may play a role in the regulation of PASMCs proliferation.     

新型复合消毒剂——癸甲丙二醇氯铵复合碘实验室抗病毒试验

通过对新型复合消毒剂——癸甲丙二醇氯铵复合碘抗病毒效果的定量试验和定性试验,结果表明,癸甲丙二醇氯铵复合碘（含碘50g／L）按1：500稀释,对猪瘟兔化弱毒和鸡新城疫病毒的灭活率均为100％,对新城疫病毒10min即达到完全灭活作用;按1：1000稀释对猪瘟兔化弱毒、鸡新城疫病毒及牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）的灭活率分别为99％、100％和100％,而1：1000稀释的聚维酮碘（含碘50g／L）对照灭活率为90％,癸甲丙二醇氯铵复合碘的抗病毒效果好于聚维酮碘。     

湿法预处理对垃圾焚烧飞灰中氯离子及重金属的去除研究

[目的]为垃圾无害化处理提供参考。[方法]以生活垃圾焚烧飞灰为研究对象,得出最佳的湿法预处理参数。[结果]飞灰水洗预处理的工艺路线为：常温水洗,水洗比例1：8,水洗次数2次,搅拌时间10min,沉淀时间10min。水洗预处理后飞灰的重金属浸出低于美国环保局制定的毒性浸出程序标准。[结论]温法预处理工艺可以有效除去飞灰中氯离子和可溶的重金属,实现了飞灰重金属的溶出无害化。     

氯化镉、马拉硫磷和乙草胺对赤子爱胜蚓的复合急性毒性

以赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)为试验动物, 选取氯化镉、马拉硫磷和乙草胺作为污染物, 通过人工土壤法研究了3种污染物在5种比例两种污染物复合条件下对蚯蚓的急性毒性。研究结果表明, 3种污染物在两两复合污染时的作用类型以拮抗为主, 仅在镉浓度19.46 mg·kg^-1和乙草胺175.15 mg·kg^-1 (1︰9)复合类型是相加作用, 说明复合污染生态毒理效应与污染物的化学性质和浓度水平均相关。从蚯蚓活体体重减少情况看, 在复合污染条件下, 污染物对蚯蚓生长的影响与单一污染的结果类似, 马拉硫磷对赤子爱胜蚓的影响最大, 乙草胺次之, 而氯化镉的影响最小。     

Absorption and transport of Na and Cl in rice cultivars differing in their tolerance to salinity: An examination of the effects of ammonium and potassium salts

The absorption and transport of Na and Cl from 0.1 mM and 10 mM ²²Na labelled NaCl or ³⁶Cl labelled KCl were examined in 15 days old seedlings of 3 cultivars of rice differing in their tolerance to salinity. Furthermore, the effects of 10, 100 and 1000 ppm (N)₂S on their uptake were studied. It was found that in general, the salt‐tolerant cultivars BR and PNL‐1 absorbed more Na and translocated a lesser proportion of it to the shoot, compared to the salt‐sensitive IR‐8, from 0.1 mM NaCl. The presence of (N)₂S reduced the uptake of Na in all the cultivars. It was also found that the presence of 100 ppm K, KN or NNreduced Na absorption from 0.1 mM NaCl significantly in all the cultivars, and the translocation to shoot in BR‐ Chloride transport from 0.1 mM NaCl was reduced by (N)₂S in all the cultivars. The 3 cultivars differed significantly in the rates of absorption and transport of Na and Cl. The results indicate that PNL‐1 which is a cross of IR‐8 X BR, has inherited the salt tolerance trait from BR. Lower rates of Na translocation to the shoot can be used as an index of salt tolerance in rice.     

朱砂叶螨谷氨酸门控氯离子通道GluCl1基因的克隆与序列特征分析

朱砂叶螨是一种分布广泛、危害极大、难以防治和易产生抗性的农业害螨。为了研究朱砂叶螨杀螨剂神经靶标谷氨酸门控氯离子通道,进一步确定阿维菌素对朱砂叶螨的抗性机理,采用同源基因克隆以及RACE技术,克隆朱砂叶螨杀螨剂靶标谷氨酸门控氯离子通道(GluCl1)基因全长,分析其序列特征。结果表明,GluCl1基因序列全长为1856 bp,其中开放阅读框(ORF)为1338 bp,编码455个氨基酸,N端含25个氨基酸的信号肽,有4个跨膜结构域,GenBank登陆号为KC543353。同源比对分析表明,朱砂叶螨与其他蜱螨目GluCl基因有高度的同源性,特别与二斑叶螨的相似度最高。研究还发现朱砂叶螨敏感品系GluCl1第3个跨膜区的G314,与二斑叶螨敏感品系相应位点的氨基酸G323一致,而二斑叶螨抗性品系相应位点突变为D323。本研究进一步证实了G323突变为D323和二斑叶螨对阿维菌素产生抗性有关。本研究为今后建立以朱砂叶螨谷氨酸门控氯离子通道为靶点的选择性杀螨剂体外筛选体系奠定坚实基础。     

Effect of AMPKα2 gene silencing by shRNA recombinant plasmid on chloride-mediated anoxia/reoxygenation injury in rat cardiomyocytes

AIM: To explore the role of AMP-activated protein kinase α2 subunit (AMPKα2) gene in chloride-mediated anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injury by transfection of short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vector targeting to AMPKα2 gene into H9c2 cardiomyocytes. METHODS: Recombinant shRNA expression vector pSuper-AMPKα2 targeting to AMPKα2 gene was constructed and transfected into H9c2 cardiomyocytes. The protein expression of AMPKα2 was determined by Western blotting. The cells were divided into 5 groups: control group, A/R group, Cl^--free A/R group, pSuper+Cl^--free A/R group and pSuper-AMPKα2 shRNA+Cl^--free A/R group. After treatment, the cell viability was detected by MTT assay. LDH activity was analyzed with an automatic biochemical analyzer. The apoptotic rate and the level of intracellular ROS was measured by flow cytometry. The activity of SOD and GSH-Px was analyzed by a colorimetric method. RESULTS: The result of sequencing proved that the recombinant plasmid pSuper-AMPKα2 shRNA was correctly constructed. The protein level of AMPKα2 significantly decreased after the plasmid was transfected into the cardiomyocytes. Compared with A/R group, the cell viability and the activity of SOD and GSH-Px were significantly increased, while the activity of LDH, apoptotic rate and ROS production were significantly decreased in Cl^--free A/R group. The protective effect of Cl^--free solution on the A/R-induced injury of cardiomyocytes was abolished, and the ROS production was increased and the activity of SOD and GSH-Px was decreased after the cells were transfected with pSuper-AMPKα2 shRNA. CONCLUSION: Recombinant plasmid pSuper-AMPKα2 shRNA is successfully constructed, and silencing of AMPKα2 gene abolishes the protective effect of Cl^--free solution on A/R injury.