沼肥对保护地番茄产量、品质和土壤肥力的影响

采用田间小区试验,研究了沼肥对番茄产量、品质及其土壤肥力的影响。试验结果表明,沼肥可以促进番茄生长发育,提高产量,改善果实品质,增加土壤中有机质、全量养分及速效养分的含量。表现为施用沼肥比不施肥增产88.24%,比等养分的化肥增产7.87%,产量差异达到极显著水平;果实中可溶性固形物、维生素C、糖酸比,比不施肥处理分别增加9.03%、23.69%、13.28%,比化肥处理分别增加12.26%、15.37%、28.49%,土壤耕层有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾与试前本底养分相比分别增加了12.70%、9.52%、7.50%、4.33%、74.77%、17.58%。     

番茄果实特异性启动子2A11的基因克隆及功能研究

采用巢式PCR技术从番茄基因组DNA克隆到长度1.3kp的果实特异性2A11启动子基因。序列分析表明,克隆到的基因序列2A11启动子转录起始位点上游的621bp处缺失了已报道的番茄2A11启动子基因（GenBank ID M87659,1993）序列中的“tatattgttaacttcttgttgaattaaagcaat”片段,其同源性为61%,登入GenBank,ID号为DQ453963;构建植物表达载体pCAMBIA2A11,用农杆菌介导侵染番茄果实,GUS基因瞬间表达结果表明,该2A11启动子基因具有驱动GUS基因在番茄果实中特异性表达的功能。研究结果表明成功地获得2A11果实特异性启动子基因,为下一步转基因番茄口服疫苗的研制奠定了一定的基础。     

番茄高色素基因hp1和hp2分子标记的筛选

高色素基因hp1和hp2能显著提高番茄果实的类胡萝卜素总量,对于以提高番茄红素含量为目标的品质育种具有重要应用价值。以这2个基因的突变位点为目标,成功地筛选出了对hp1和hp2分别具有高度特异性的2对引物。由于这样的分子标记实际上就是功能基因本身局部片断的扩增结果,所以能非常可靠地直接鉴别该功能基因,F2群体中分子标记的分离比例与2对基因的独立分配比例完全一致。以这两对引物所产生的分子标记为依据,已经合成了含有hp1和hp2的双突变体。     

番茄品种耐弱光性的综合评价

研究了苗期弱光条件对幼苗素质，开花，果实大小及产量的影响，采用模糊数学的隶属法对品种的耐弱光性进行评价，并探讨了番茄耐弱光性状的鉴定方法，结果表明，苗期弱光对幼苗素质影响最大，其次影响开花，果实大小和产量，春雷２号和春雷１号属于耐弱光惭弱的品种，白果强丰属不耐弱光品种。     

温度变化对番茄幼苗抗寒性的影响

在低温（１５℃）,中温（２０℃）,高温（２５℃）条件下生长的番茄幼苗,定植前１５ｄ放置在相同的高温条件（２５℃）测定各处理不同时期幼苗叶片中脯氨酸,束缚水,自由水含量,以观察其抗寒性能的变化,结果表明,在低温下生长的番茄幼苗抗寒性较强,中温下生长的幼苗次之,高温下生长的幼苗抗寒性最差,但三种处理的幼苗放置在同样的高温下抗寒性迅速下降,尤其是低温下生长的幼苗下降幅度最大,到定植叶时不同温度处理幼苗的     

Discrimination of ‘San Marzano’ accessions: A comparison of minisatellite, CAPS and SSR markers in relation to morphological traits

‘San Marzano’ (SM) is one of the most widely known tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars, and is a classic example of a local variety with a premium value. Unfortunately, the original cultivated form is underrepresented in the Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO) area because of the incidence of contaminant and phenotypically similar genotypes. Our aim was to examine the ability of three DNA marker systems (minisatellite, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and simple sequence repeat (SSR)) to reveal the genetic diversity of tomato accessions that were, based on a morphological analysis, very similar. The data indicate that both minisatellites and SSRs can be used to genetically distinguish the analysed materials. Furthermore, these two marker systems depict relationships consistent with the hierarchal pattern obtained by the morphological data. As locally cultivated tomato accessions are often characterised by some degree of genetic variability, our results will be valuable in facilitating the purification, management and breeding of tomato germplasms. The differences between the marker systems employed are also discussed in relation to their usefulness in the agro-food chain.     

Resistance of 57 greenhouse-grown accessions of Lycopersicon esculentum and three cultivars to Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

The aim of this study was to evaluate resistance to Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) by antixenosis on 57 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. accessions from the Horticultural Germplasm Bank (HGB) of Universidade Federal de Viçosa and by the three commercial cultivars (Santa Clara, Moneymaker and TOM-601) under greenhouse conditions. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications. Infestations with T. absoluta adults were performed weekly and the following characteristics were evaluated: number of small, large and total mines/leaf and % of leaves mined at days 60, 75 and 90 after planting. Low infestation occurred at days 60 and 75 but at day 90, infestation was sufficient to evaluate insect damage. Based on these data it was concluded that only accessions HGB-674 and HGB-1497 appeared to be the most promising. In addition, to determine possible chemical causes of resistance, hexane extracts were analyzed at day 90 by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the major peaks identified by a mass spectral database using similarity index. Nine hydrocarbons, viz., hexadecane, heptadecane, eicosane, tricosane, 2-methyltricosane, tetracosane, hexacosane, octacosane and triacontane were identified in the hexane extracts in many samples. Tricosane, tetracosane and hexacosane presented significant correlations with the leaves mined. Only tricosane presented a negative correlation with the number of small mines (r = −0.28), total number of mines (r = −0.27) and % of leaves mined (r = −0.22). However, tetracosane and hexacosane presented significant positive correlations (r = 0.25 and 0.24, respectively) with the % of leaves mined.     

不同基质栽培对番茄叶片光合作用和根系ATP酶的影响

以腐熟玉米秸、麦秸、菇渣、锯末等农产废弃物添加土壤后配成有机基质进行番茄栽培试验,探讨不同基质栽培对番茄叶片光合特性和根系ATP酶活性的影响。结果表明,有机基质栽培较土壤栽培植株同化产物积累增加,番茄光合速率、细胞间隙CO₂浓度、呼吸速率均显著提高。有机基质栽培Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qP显著升高,P-H⁺+ATPase、P-Ca²⁺-ATPase、V-H⁺-ATPase、V-Ca²⁺-ATPase活性提高。有机基质栽培番茄通过提高根系质膜和液泡膜ATPase活性、增加番茄的光合速率、细胞间隙CO₂浓度,提高Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、qP,提高光化学效率,增强营养吸收,从而促进番茄生长和同化物形成。     

抗坏血酸钛对樱桃番茄产量和品质的影响

抗坏血酸钛在樱桃番茄上的试验于2006～2008年进行,发现对樱桃番茄叶面喷施抗坏血酸钛具有显著的提高产量和改善品质的作用。叶面喷施10～20 mg/kg的钛2次,对促进保护地、露地樱桃番茄早熟增产、优质及提高经济效益效果显著。抗坏血酸钛能促进樱桃番茄植株生理活性增强,提高过氧化氢酶活性,有利于樱桃番茄叶绿素含量增加和光合作用强度提高,果实中可溶性固形物和维生素C含量增加等。     

铅胁迫对番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

研究不同铅浓度对番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.试验结果表明,铅胁迫可明显降低番茄种子发芽率、株高和根长.超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性随铅浓度增加先下降后趋于稳定,其敏感浓度范围是40～60 mg/L.过氧化物酶(POD)活性随铅浓度的增加而增加,达到活性高峰后,则随铅浓度的增加而降低.