芹菜鲢鱼蛋白复合饮料的工艺研究

[目的]确定芹菜鲢鱼蛋白复合饮料的最佳复配条件。[方法]通过采用中性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶混合酶解鲢鱼蛋白,制取鲢鱼蛋白水解液,再经过脱腥、脱色、浓缩后,与芹菜汁复配成具有降血压、降血脂等功能的保健型复合饮料,研究鲢鱼蛋白水解液添加量、芹菜汁添加量、糖添加量、柠檬酸添加量对饮料感官性状的影响,通过正交试验确定该饮料的最佳复配条件。[结果]由正交试验获得饮料的最佳复配条件为：每100 ml饮料中鲢鱼蛋白水解浓缩液添加量20 ml,芹菜汁添加量12 ml,白砂糖添加量7 g,柠檬酸添加量0.20 g。此时,该饮料色泽成浅绿色,半透明,风味口感最好,组织状态均一稳定,无悬浮物或沉淀。[结论]该研究为鱼肉蛋白的深加工与利用提供了科学依据。     

Absorption and fate of imazapyr in leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula)

Imazapyr absorption, translocation, root release and metabolism were examined in leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). Leafy spurge plants were propagated from root cuttings and [¹⁴C]imazapyr was applied to growth-chambergrown plants in a water + 28% urea ammonium nitrate + nonionic surfactant solution (98.75 + 1 + 0.25 by volume). Plants were harvested two and eight days after herbicide treatment (DAT) and divided into: treated leaf, stem and leaves above treated leaf, stem and leaves below the treated leaf, crown, root, dormant and elongated adventitious shoot buds. Imazapyr absorption increased from 62.5% 2 DAT to 80.0% 8 DAT. Herbicide translocation out of the treated leaf and accumulation in roots and adventitious shoot buds was apparent 2 DAT. By the end of the eight-day translocation period only 14% of applied ¹⁴C remained in the treated leaf, while 17% had translocated into the root system. Elongated and dormant adventitious shoot buds accumulated 3.2- and 1.8-fold more ¹⁴C, respectively, 8 DAT than did root tissue based on Bq g^?1 dry weight. Root release of ¹⁴C was evident 2 DAT, and by 8 DAT 19.4% of the ¹⁴C reaching the root system was released into the rooting medium. There was no metabolism of imazapyr in crown, root or adventitious shoot buds 2 DAT; however, imazapyr metabolism was evident in the treated leaf 2 and 8 DAT. Imazapyr phytotoxicity to leafy spurge appears to result from high imazapyr absorption, translocation to underground meristematic areas (roots and adventitious shoot buds), and a slow rate of metabolism.     

杏胚珠培养及幼胚子叶不定芽诱导研究

以盛花后25、35、50、55、60d的凯特杏胚珠为外植体,研究胚珠培养的适宜条件;选择发育一致的幼胚子叶,研究不定芽的发生条件。结果表明,SH培养基是凯特杏胚珠培养的适宜培养基;盛花后25d的凯特杏胚珠(PF=0),仅采用生长培养不足以发育成可见胚,试验采用诱导方式获得了可见胚,诱导出胚率为80%;以MS为基本培养基,BA与NAA结合诱导能力强;但这种胚小且瘦弱,继续生长培养,利用幼胚子叶诱导不定芽。在幼胚子叶诱导不定芽方面,盛花后25、35d取样的凯特杏胚珠,培养后获得幼胚子叶,诱导不定芽的适宜TDZ质量浓度为1.25mg/L,诱导出芽率分别为85.00%、80.00%;盛花后50、55d取样的材料,适宜TDZ质量浓度为2.50mg/L,出芽率分别为65.00%、60.00%,而盛花后60d取样的材料,适宜TDZ质量浓度为5.0mg/L,出芽率为61.11%,不定芽主要发生在子叶的近轴面、胚轴连接处及子叶近轴端两侧;在相同培养基中,25℃进行21d暗培养,盛花后35、50、55、60d材料出芽率分别为72.22%、65.00%、60.00%、55.56%;4℃下28d暗培养,35、50、55、60d依次为59.09%,71.42%、77.78%、86.36%;对不定芽进行伸长、生根与快繁培养,获得了健康正常的植株。通过以上研究,建立了凯特杏幼胚4级培养体系,即(1)胚珠培养,获得可见胚(1级培养);(2)幼胚生长培养(胚培养),获得了健壮幼胚(2级培养);(3)幼胚子叶再生,获得不定芽(3级培养);(4)不定芽组培苗快繁(4级培养)。     

Mechanism of micronuclei formation in polyploidizated cells of Allium cepa exposed to trifluralin herbicide

The trifluralin is an agent that promotes a cellular damage due to its direct action on the microtubules. This action leads to a decontrol in the cellular division, bringing about polyploid cells. In this work, we show the evidences that the exceeding genetical material of theses polyploidizated cells tends to be eliminated from the nucleus in the form of micronucleus. Our analyses prove this fact, both by the presence of a number of cells carrying micronucleus, and by the evidences of the elimination of the exceeding material itself, after exposition of the Allium cepa root tips tested with several concentration of trifluralin herbicide. It was noticed that the residual concentration induced a number of polyploid cells, micronuclei and mini cells. Inferences about the implications of the elimination of genetic material from micronuclei, such as cell viability and apoptosis, are also presented.     

The occurrence of taste buds in adults of the terrestrial ceacilian Boulengerula boulengeri Tornier, 1898 (Lissamphibia: Gymnophiona: Herpelidae)

Two generations of gustatory organs occur during amphibian ontogeny in frogs and salamanders (Anura and Caudata), and are classified as taste buds or taste discs. Taste buds are present in larval forms, whereas taste discs are typical for adults. The little research done on Gymnophiona suggests that only taste buds are present in aquatic forms (larvae and adults), and adults of the only terrestrial species studied had taste buds. Here we investigate the nature of gustatory organs in a terrestrial caecilian, Boulengerula boulengeri (Herpelidae), from Tanzania using standard light and scanning electron microscopy. We found only taste bud type organs to be present in B. boulengeri. These occur mainly in the mucosa of the front part of the oral cavity, usually near the teeth. Our results suggest that B. boulengeri possesses only one type of gustatory organ during its ontogeny.     

Spatial distribution patterns and environmental interpretation of Anthriscus sylvestris clonal buds

Anthriscus sylvestris, a weed found both in Europe and China, is a kind of representative clustered clonal plant and is a foe on dams and banks. It has been widely investigated in Europe for its powerful progenitive ability and tolerance to severely adverse environments. Our aims were to investigate and quantify its spatial distribution patterns in four types of community habitats, using a clustering method and adjacency lattice established by Greig-Smith. We concluded our environmental interpretation based on canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) appended to a Monte Carlo test with randomized seeding. The results indicate that the buds around the parent roots are in an aggregation distribution pattern in all scales (0.002–5.12 m²), but theoretical distribution fitting, like negative binomial and Poisson distribution, show that some sizes of several sampling locations are out of place. For this, spatial ordination gives a satisfactory answer implying the effect of environmental variables such as depth of humus layer, soil moisture, light condition, disturbance intensity and herb abundance. CCA accounts for 64.7% of the total environmental variation and the remaining variation may be counteracted in those five variances or can be interpreted by other factors like accumulating temperature, annual rainfall and altitude in landscape scale. With the aid of temporal sequencing, the suppressed type II (monodominant) may be the former mode of suppressed type I (stable type), where invasion is done with the help of disturbance from both humans and nature. The abundance of A. sylvestris can add to our cognition in diversity resistance hypothesis and our hypothesis on disturbance before or upon immigration. __________ Translated from Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology, 2007, 27(3): 1–7, 11 [译自: 浙江林业科技]     

再生稻茎生腋芽的生育特性观察

为探索再生稻高产途径,观察了各节位茎生腋芽的分化、生长、穗粒发育性状和茎生器官形态.结果表明:茎生腋芽在母茎抽穗前按由下而上的节位顺序开始幼穗第一苞分化,在母茎抽穗后按由上而下的节位顺序进入一、二次枝梗分化;在顶端优势控制下,茎生腋芽至母茎黄熟前3 d才开始萌发,萌发成穗率随节位下移而降低,且生长先天不足,每穗粒数仅为母茎的三分之一.争取再生季高产的关键,是在头季收割保留上位优势芽的基础上,大力提高下部茎生腋芽的萌发率,形成比头季多70%～100%的穗数,以多穗补小穗的不足.倒3叶枕比倒2芽着生节部高8～16 cm,其高程可作为简捷诊断母茎适宜留桩高度的形态指标.     

月季快速繁殖技术研究

研究不同植物生长调节剂及质量浓度对带芽茎段分化、继代和生根的影响.结果表明:月季芽的分化培养基为M S+BA 1.0 m g.L-1+NAA 0.1 m g.L-1,不定芽的诱导率为80%;在M S+BA 1.0 m g.L-1培养基上继代增值的效果较好;NAA的生根效果优于IBA,以1/2M S+0.5 m g.L-1NAA最佳.     

米良一号猕猴桃的组织培养研究

米良一号猕猴桃外植体在不同激素的MS培养基上培养．结果表明：①诱导培养基以MS 1．0mg／L ZT为好，材料不经转移可直接分化出丛生芽，ZT浓度在1．5mg／L以上时，对愈伤组织形成有抑制作用，且在1．5mg／L ZT的同时．加0．5mg／L 6-AB，这2种细胞分裂素超量后的抑制作用是累加的，致使抑制作用加剧无芽茎段褐化死亡；②出芽周期长短与茎段年龄和有芽无芽有关，成熟茎段出芽早，幼嫩茎段出芽迟，有芽茎段出芽早，无芽茎段出芽迟，幼嫩的无芽茎段出芽虽晚30d左右．但由愈伤组织形成的丛芽多得多；③米良一号生根能力不强，出芽后不经生根诱导不能生根，1／2MS 1．0mg／L IBA 30g／L蔗糖，有较好的诱导生根作用；④叶片培养再生率正交实验结果表明生长素优先因子顺序为ZT、6-BA、NAA、TDZ，叶的最佳诱导分化培养基为MS 10mg／LBA 0．2mg／L NAA 1．0mg／L TDZ。     

西葫芦双单倍体自交一代离体再生研究

以西葫芦DH12-11409双单倍体植株自交后代种子为试材,研究不同激素组合、外植体类型和苗龄对诱导西葫芦不定芽再生以及不定芽生根的影响。结果表明,取5d龄西葫芦双单倍体黄绿色子叶的子叶节为外植体,在MS+30g/L Suc+8g/L Agar+2.0mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L NAA培养基上诱导不定芽效果最好,诱导率高达90.0%,分化系数为8.5;生根培养基则以MS培养基中添加0.05或0.1mg/L NAA为宜;5~6片真叶再生植株经驯化移栽成活率高达90.0%,为再生植株驯化移栽的最佳时期。