Production of high yielding red raspberry long canes in a Northern climate

Techniques for the production of raspberry long canes with high yield potential were studied on a research station and in two commercial nurseries in South Norway. Potted ‘Glen Ample’ plants were grown in the open and in polyethylene greenhouses during two seasons in order to optimize cultural practices. Dates of propagation and transfer to the production sites were varied. Following cold storage from December to early June, the canes were tipped (cut) at 160 cm height and grown in open plastic tunnels in the fruiting season for the evaluation of growth and yield performance. Remarkable berry yields of 1.5–3.8 kg per plant (cane) were regularly achieved. When grown in the open, later starts than June 1 (June 15 and July 1) successively reduced yields. On the other hand, an earlier start involves risks of growth cessation due to low spring temperature. When grown in greenhouses, high yields were still possible when plants were transferred from propagation conditions as late as July 1, although optimal yields of nearly 4 kg per plant were obtained with transfer on June 15. In a year with unusually high summer temperatures, the yields of canes produced in the open and in greenhouses did not vary significantly, whereas in the second year with normal summer temperatures, canes produced in greenhouses consistently out-yielded those produced in the open by about 1 kg per cane. Regression analyses revealed that high yields were associated with fruiting cane architecture traits such as cane height, number and length of laterals, and a low proportion of dormant buds. The single most important component was lateral length which alone accounted for 82% of the yield variation. Since lateral lengths increased from the shoot tip towards the base, cane heights in excess of 2 m are required for the attainment of top yields as the uppermost nodes with short and low-yielding laterals then can be eliminated by tipping.     

Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in longan flowering reversion buds

A proteomic approach was taken to compare the proteomes of normal flowering buds and flowering reversion buds in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour. cv. Longyou). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), coupled with mass spectroscopy and protein database searching, recognized 18 proteins that were differentially expressed in flowering reversion buds. Eleven of these were down-regulated, whereas seven were up-regulated. A subset of 13 proteins was identified by MALDI-TOF-TOF/MS and classified into regulatory proteins (kinase, 20S proteasome alpha 6 subunit, putative alpha 7 proteasome subunit, auxin-induced protein, and abscisic stress ripening-like protein), antioxidant-related proteins (Chain A, GDP-mannose-3′,5′-epimerase, putative lactoylglutathione lyase, and Chain A, ascorbate peroxidase), pollen fertility-related proteins (putative leucoanthocyanidin reductase 2, and putative isoflavone reductase), photosynthesis-related proteins (large subunit, ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase–oxygenase), and molecular chaperones (disulfide isomerase). Among them, regulatory and antioxidant-related proteins accounted for almost two-thirds of these proteins, suggesting that they may play a more important role in bud differentiation. Identification of these proteins provides insights that may lead to a better understanding of the molecular basis for flowering reversion in longan.     

利用多因子正交试验建立桑的无菌快繁体系

以桑侧枝茎段为材料,利用L9(34)正交设计探讨培养基种类和激素配比对桑茎段丛生芽诱导效率的影响,并对影响桑外植体生根的主要因子进行了研究.结果表明:A2B2C1为诱导出芽的最佳培养基与激素组合,并且可同时实现芽增殖;生根培养基为WPM+1.0 mg/L IBA.     

兴仁金线莲丛生芽诱导增殖研究

[目的]筛选兴仁金线莲丛生芽的诱导和增殖的最佳培养基。[方法]用野生兴仁金线莲植株茎段作外植体,以MS为基本培养基,并添加不同浓度的6-BA和NAA,诱导丛生芽,筛选最佳培养基配方。[结果]MS是兴仁金线莲快繁最佳基本培养基;2.0～3.0 mg/L的6-BA有利于丛生芽的诱导;1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA有利于芽的生长;最佳蔗糖浓度为25 g/L。[结论]MS+2 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA+25 g/L蔗糖为丛生芽增殖的最佳培养基配方。     

宜兴百合鳞茎不定芽的诱导及增殖

以宜兴百合(Lilium lancifalium Thunb.)鳞片为外植体诱导小鳞茎的形成,并通过正交设计增殖鳞茎不定芽.结果在MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+ 0.1 mg/L NAA培养基上,鳞片以直接发生方式形成了鳞茎不定芽,诱导率为100％,平均不定芽数为5.5.6-BA浓度在0.4～1.2 mg/L范围内,鳞茎不定芽的增殖率随6-BA浓度的升高而增大,在MS+1.2 mg/L 6-BA +0.2 mg/L IAA +0.1 mg/L NAA培养基上,不定芽的增殖系数为3.83,不定芽在1/2MS+1.0 mg/L NAA培养基上生根良好.     

葡萄风信子外植体直接再分化花芽和营养芽的研究

【目的】探索葡萄风信子直接再生花芽体系的建立,为葡萄风信子外植体直接再分化花芽研究提供参考。【方法】以葡萄风信子‘亚美尼亚’花蕾外植体为材料,MS为基础培养基,在均添加0.1mg/L 2,4-D的条件下,分别用不同质量浓度的6-BA(0,0.5,1,2,3,4mg/L)、GA3(0,0.5,1,2,3,4mg/L)和玉米素(0,0.05,0.1,0.5,1,2mg/L)处理,筛选出诱导花芽的最佳激素及最适质量浓度;以MS+6-BA(或玉米素)2mg/L+2,4-D 0.1mg/L研究开花时花瓣切片、花葶、叶片以及叶片诱导的愈伤组织诱导直接再分化花芽的情况。【结果】用MS+2mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L 2,4-D处理葡萄风信子花蕾时,可在花蕾基部直接再分化出具有蓝色的花芽,且花芽分化率最高,达60.2%。花葶、花瓣切片、叶片和愈伤组织在同样条件下只能诱导产生愈伤组织、营养芽。说明花蕾是诱导花芽分化的最佳外植体,且最适培养基为MS+2mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L 2,4-D。【结论】建立了葡萄风信子外植体直接再分化花芽体系。     

芹菜开花结籽情况调查

［目的］分析芹菜开花规律和构成种子有效产量的级次等。［方法］以芹菜雄性不育两用系“01-3AB”为材料,调查其开花结籽情况。［结果］芹菜2级、3级和4级花伞所包含的小花数占整个种株的96% 1级、2级和3级花伞所结实的种子重量占总重量的95.1%,且1级和2级的种子发芽率达到90%左右。［结论］该研究为芹菜育种试验和良种扩繁提供参考。     

美国岩榆愈伤组织的诱导及不定芽形成

以顶芽、嫩茎、叶片为外植体,对美国岩榆进行组织培养的初步研究。结果表明,用顶芽作外植体诱导愈伤组织的最佳培养基为MS BA2.0mg·L-1 IBA2.0mg·L-1,诱导愈伤增殖的最佳培养基为MS BA1.0mg·L-1 NAA1.0mg·L-1 IBA1.0mg·L-1;以幼叶为外植体产生愈伤的最佳培养基为MS BA2.0mg·L-1 IBA2.0mg·L-1,诱导其愈伤增殖的最佳培养基为MS BA1.0mg·L-1;用嫩茎段作外植体诱导愈伤组织的最佳培养基配比为MS BA2.0mg·L-1 NAA0.5mg·L-1。诱导不定芽分化产生的外植体是嫩茎段,其最佳培养基组合为MS BA1.0mg·L-1 NAA1.0mg·L-1 IBA1.0mg·L-1。     

泡桐下侧芽萌发成枝与上侧芽萌发接干间关系

该文研究了自然状态下1年生泡桐下侧芽萌发成枝与上侧芽萌发接干间的关系.结果显示:在高密度林分的接干单株中,上侧芽萌发成枝接干与下侧芽萌发成枝间关系密切.接干侧芽的对生侧芽萌发不利于接干枝高生长,并降低接干形率;接干处向下数第1对侧芽萌发成枝倾角越小接干形率越高,第1、2对侧枝长度和粗度仅与胸径生长正相关;第3对侧枝倾角与接干处主干直径和接干基径呈负相关.增加成枝数量,减少单枝生长量,而枝长、基径合计不减少,能增大接干高度和接干处主干直径;第4对侧枝长度、粗度与主干、接干粗生长正相关;第5对侧枝长度、粗度与胸径生长正相关,而其以下侧枝对主干和接干的生长影响较小.      

4PU-30对杂交水稻后期叶片衰老及再生芽萌发的影响研究

试验研究 4PU 30对杂交水稻后期叶片衰老及再生芽萌发的影响结果表明 ,水稻齐穗 5d喷施 4PU 30可缓解叶片叶绿素分解 ,增强超氧化物歧化酶活性 ,降低芮二醛含量和细胞渗透率 ,有效延缓叶片衰老。 4PU 30可提高水稻根系活力 ,促进再生芽生长 ,提高活芽率