Soil Properties Influence Distribution of Extractable Boron in Soil Profile

Depth distribution of boron (B) extractable by hot calcium chloride (HCC), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PDP), and tartaric acid (TA) in some typical B‐deficient Inceptisols, Entisols, and Alfisols in relation to soil properties was studied. The magnitude of B extraction followed the order HCC > PDP > TA for Inceptisols, TA > HCC > PDP for Entisols, and PDP > HCC > TA for Alfisols and showed a decrease along soil depth. The low pH of TA and effective desorption of B by phosphate of PDP are attributed to their higher efficiency in extracting B in Entisols and Alfisols, respectively. A decrease in organic carbon (C), clay, and amorphous iron oxide content was responsible for the observed decrease in extractable B along depth of soil profile. The HCC showed more efficiency than PDP and TA for extracting B in soils high in organic C. Multiple regression equations explained only 21, 57, and 59% of the variability in PDP‐, HCC‐, and TA‐extractable B content in soils by the soil properties analyzed, of which organic C and clay were the most important. There were dynamic equilibria among the amount of B extracted by the extractants, indicating B extraction by them from more or less similar pools in the soils.     

水肥耦合效应对保护地辣椒肥料氮、磷经济利用效率的影响

采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计,研究了灌水定额、氮肥和磷肥对保护地辣椒肥料氮和肥料磷经济利用效率的影响。研究表明:高量施肥时灌水定额增加能提高氮肥经济利用率,但在低量施肥情况下灌水定额增加却降低氮肥经济利用率。施氮、施磷、水氮交互作用和水磷的交互作用对磷肥经济利用效率的影响显著,其影响大小顺序为施磷>水磷互作>施氮>水氮互作,水磷互作对磷肥经济利率效率为正效应。     

Yield and nitrogen use efficiency of bell pepper grown in SLAB fertigated with different nitrogen rates

Abstract

Adequate plant nutrition is important to reduce costs and increase the crop yield. This study tried to verify the influence of Nitrogen (N) on plant biomass production and the yield of bell pepper grown in SLAB; quantify the N use efficiency (NUE), and to quantify the residual N concentration in the substrate after the end of the crop cycle. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment. Pepper seedlings were transplanted to SLAB bags containing 40?dm³ of substrate. The treatments consisted of six N rates (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, and 7.5?g plant^?1) split into 10 fortnightly applications, in a randomized block design with four replications. The fruit yield was evaluated throughout the experiment and after the final harvest, the dry mass of leaves, stem, and root of the plant, the N content and accumulated, the residual nitrate and ammonium in the substrate, and the NUE were evaluated. The rate of 5.51?g plant^?1 of N, corresponding to 355.5?kg ha^?1, provided the maximum yield of commercial fruits of 1.57?kg plant^?1 or 101.2 t ha^?1. With increasing N rate, the residual nitrate concentration in the substrate increased and the NUE decreased.     

太阳能集热器的热流气体对砾石的蓄放热特性研究

太阳能的蓄放热特性的研究对清洁能源太阳能的开发和利用具有重要意义。该文利用冬季太阳能集热器的热流气体,对砾石的蓄放热特性进行了研究。以居民居住的标准房间（4 m×2.7 m）为依据进行了模拟;利用太阳能集热器的热能与直径为50～100 mm的砾石铺设成150 mm厚度的地下蓄热系统进行蓄热和放热试验,研究昼夜之间室内砾石的蓄热和放热特性;通过测试太阳能集热器的内部温度、砾石层内部及室内地表面的温度,研究了太阳能集热器的蓄热效率和转换效率,同时分析了蓄热层及室内地表面的热传递特性;为进一步开拓针对冬季寒冷地区太阳能蓄热型居民建筑物内部热环境方面的基础研究提供了科学的依据。     

穿流转笼式烘干机设计研究

为了解决某些易碎颗粒物料的烘干问题,设计了穿流转笼式烘干机。物料装在转笼内,随着转笼的转动,在重力和内摩擦力的作用下,连续缓慢地交换内外层物料的位置。热风穿过物料层,使物料均匀烘干。比较了敞口式、三段式和栅栏式出风口对风速分布的影响。通过试验表明,栅栏式出风口的轴向风速分布较均匀。并用开口核桃的烘干进行了生产试验,用风温125℃,风量8 511 m³/h,在2 h内将开口核桃的含水率从30%降低到3%,且干湿均匀,品质好,基本无破碎,可满足生产需要。     

棉秆/聚丙烯薄膜定向复合板的制备工艺优化

为了有效利用棉秆资源,该文以长棉秆束为基体,以等规聚丙烯薄膜为填充材料,热压制备了棉秆/聚丙烯薄膜定向复合板。采用单因素和正交试验分析了薄膜质量分数、热压温度、热压时间和密度对复合板力学和吸水性能的影响,得到较优热压工艺参数为:薄膜质量分数15%,热压温度185℃,热压时间15 min,密度0.7 g/cm3。在此条件下,复合板的静曲强度为60.60 MPa,弹性模量为5074.4 MPa,内结合强度为1.48 MPa,吸水厚度膨胀率为2.53%。用扫描电子显微镜观察到复合板中棉秆纤维和塑料薄膜接合界面存在机械互锁结构。该研究可为有效利用农作物秸秆制备定向复合板提供参考。     

The characterization of Nigerian varieties of pepper, Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens by SDS- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of seed proteins

The possibility of using electrophoresis to characterize varieties of pepper, Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens cultivated in Nigeria was investigated. The SDS- polyacrylamide gel electropherogram of extracted total seed proteins of 10 breeding lines in each of the 6 varieties investigated, revealed a pattern in which 12 polypeptide bands with apparent molecular weight range of 22 to 98 kilodaltons could be distinguished. The result showed that the six varieties could be characterized on the basis of presence/absence and staining intensities of 7 polypeptide bands. It is suggested that SDS- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of seed proteins provides a useful analytical technique for the characterization of varieties of pepper and there may be genotype duplicates in the collection of Nigerian Capsicum germplasm.     

伏天灌水覆膜对土温变化及西瓜枯萎病防治

为探明南方伏天灌水覆膜土温变化特点,2004和2005年伏天,对连作大棚西瓜地灌水后畦面覆盖不同颜色、不同层数的塑料薄膜与土温变化特点和防治西瓜枯萎病（Fusariurn oxysporurn f. sp.niveum）的关系作了研究,结果表明,灌水覆膜能明显增加表土下5～20 cm土层的温度,增温幅度达10～15℃（同露地相比）;增温效果以双层白膜最好,单层白膜次之。单层白膜覆盖l0 d后其土表下5～20 cm土层的温度全天可维持40℃以上。大棚内灌水覆盖单层白膜25 d以上对第一茬连作西瓜枯萎病防效达     

热风联合压差膨化干燥对苏99-8毛豆仁风味和品质的影响

使用固相微萃取(HS/SPME)-气质联用(GC/MS)技术对苏99-8毛豆仁鲜样和热风干燥毛豆仁挥发性成分进行分析,同时对2种干燥产品的感官品质、营养成分含量和质构特性进行比较。结果表明,在毛豆仁鲜样、热风干燥和热风联合压差膨化干燥制备的毛豆仁产品中分别检测出32、31、35种风味成分。鲜样中(Z)-3-己烯醇、正己醛、(E)-2-己烯醛、1-辛烯-3酮和1-戊烯-3酮对其风味相对贡献较大。热风联合压差膨化干燥后毛豆仁醛类化合物明显增多,出现了杂环类、酯类、酸类及含硫化合物,2-庚烯醛、正己醛、正戊醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、2-辛烯醇、1-辛烯-3酮、乙酸异丙烯酯、2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪和2,6-二甲基吡嗪、二甲基亚砜对热风联合压差膨化干燥后毛豆仁风味贡献较大,使毛豆具有较浓的豆类清香味和浓厚的焙烤香气,造就了热风联合压差膨化干燥毛豆仁脆粒的独特风味。热风联合压差膨化干燥毛豆仁的感官品质和质构特性明显优于热风干燥毛豆仁。     

Characterization of graft-induced change in capsaicin content of Capsicum annuum L.

Summary Capsaicin contents were measured in the progenies from the test crosses between the strain, G₅S₁₇ derived from fruit with the graft-induced change in fruit shape and the original two cultivars, Yatsubusa (Capsicum annuum L. var fasciculatum Ilish) and Spanish Paprika (C. annuum L. var. grossum Sendt) used for grafting.The strain, G₅S₁₇ contained a lower amount of capsaicin than the original pungent cultivar Yatsubusa used as scion. The characteristic of the lowered capsaicin content in the strain has been stably inherited through seed propagation, and has also been transmitted to the progenies from the crosses with the original two cultivars used for scion or stock. These features in the capsaicin content agreed with those in fruit shape in the graft-induced change.